University of Cienfuegos

In the last decade our planet has been declared in a climate emergency caused by the environmental impacts associated with different industrial activities and the inefficient use of energy. The telecommunications sector is no stranger to this reality, its growing energy demand is directly related to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Through ISO 50001: 2018, energy efficiency is considered the second alternative to mitigate environmental impacts and improve the efficient use of energy in different industries worldwide. This descriptive research develops the energy planning phase in a company of the telecommunications sector in Cuba. The areas of higher consumption were identified by means of Pareto diagrams for energy sources, control diagrams for consumption and production, an energy baseline is proposed and the energy performance indicator is determined. The energy carriers of electricity and diesel were the most representative with 85% of total consumption, the area with the highest consumption of electricity is associated with the second administrative floor with 75.34%, air conditioners represent 66.44% of the total consumption of electricity in the company. A baseline is established by relating the kWh/m2*DG indicator. The energy reduction proposal is through an analysis of the replacement of 350 fluorescent tubes with LED technology to reduce by 1,190.24 kWh/month and $2,856.34 per year, for a payback period of 1.3 years. Energy efficiency is the sustainable alternative to have an efficient use of energy in the telecommunications sector and reduce environmental impacts.

Aim. To analyze the relationship between auditory risk factors at birth and subsequent language development in toddlerhood. Methods. Participants are 136 children from a longitudinal birth cohort follow-up at age 2 years. They were divided into 2 groups: One comprising 105 children without hearing risk factors at birth and another comprising 31 children with auditory risk factors at birth but normal hearing. Results. In children with and without risk factors, the combination of socio-emotional, socio-economic, and auditory risk factors at birth significantly predicted language development at age 2 years. Family socio-economic status had a significant impact on overall child development, even after controlling for socio-emotional development and the presence of risk factors. Conclusions. The study was conducted in an upper-middle income country with a socialized health care system. It underscores the importance of a holistic approach to early childhood language development, taking into account biological, socioeconomic, and emotional factors.

The introduction of load-side control actions, to implement smart grid functions or integrate distributed generation units, has created a new source for power system dynamic events. Such events can have the capacity to adversely impact the stability in power systems. The growing interests in load-side control actions mandate the analysis and modeling of their contribution to voltage and frequency dynamics in power systems. This paper presents the analysis, development, and testing of a voltage-survivability based method for modeling the contributions of load-side control actions to power system voltage dynamics and stability. The developed method is structured using a voltage-survivability index $\pmb {\Gamma _{V}}$ that is defined at bus in terms of the difference in reactive power injection before and after a load-side control action. The boundary values of the index $\pmb {\Gamma _{V}}$ are derived in order to identify survivable and non-survivable load-side control actions. The voltage-survivability based method is implemented and tested for the Barbados power system. Performance tests are conducted for integrating distributed generation units, as well as implementing demand response at several load buses. Results of conducted tests demonstrate the ability of voltage-survivability based method to accurately model and quantify the impacts of load-sides activities on the bus voltages in the test power system.

The study of the multiple applications of mathematics in different spheres of economic, cultural, environmental and social life can serve to understand the need to use it for the good of society, with actions that promote a more harmonious relationship between man and the environment. In this sense, the ability to formulate problems is receiving increasing attention, being identified as one of the fundamental axes of the teaching of mathematics. Studies on this subject show this skill as a qualitatively superior stage of problem-solving processes because it contributes to the creative, logical and reflective reasoning of students. The objective of the article is to reveal the procedures for obtaining the actions and operations of the ability to formulate mathematical problems in pre-university students, first by analogy with the operational system of text construction and its enrichment through the Experimental Theoretical Mode. The systematization of the obtained model contributes to transform the traditional teaching by one that assumes, in the first place, the development of skills and preparation for life in a society that constantly conceives innovations.

There are numerous analytical and/or computational tools for evaluating the energetic sustainability of biomass in the sugar industry. However, the simultaneous integration of the energetic-exergetic and emergetic criteria for such evaluation is still insufficient. The objective of the present work is to propose a range of indicators to evaluate the sustainability of the use of biomass as fuel in the sugar industry. For this purpose, energy, exergy, and emergy evaluation tools were theoretically used as sustainability indicators. They were validated in five variants of different biomass and their mixtures in two studies of technologies used in Cuba for the sugar industry. As a result, the energy method showed, for all variants, an increase in efficiency of about 5% in the VU-40 technology compared to the Retal technology. There is an increase in energy efficiency when considering AHRs of 2.8% or Marabu (Dichrostachys cinerea) (5.3%) compared to the V 1 variant. Through the study of the exergetic efficiency, an increase of 2% was determined in both technologies for the case of the V 1 variant, and an increase in efficiency is observed in the V 2 variant of 5% and the V 3 variant (5.6%) over the V 1 variant. The emergetic method showed superior results for the VU-40 technology over the Retal technology due to higher fuel utilization. In the case of the V 1 variant, there was a 7% increase in the renewability ratio and an 11.07% increase in the sustainability index. This is because more energy is produced per unit of environmental load.

Population growth has led to an exponential demand for agricultural products, to meet this demand it is necessary to improve management and achieve efficient use of resources without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems, particularly agricultural ones. One of the technologies that facilitate these tasks is precision agriculture (PA), which focuses on the optimization of resources and inputs based on the compilation of precise and timely geo-information of variables of agricultural interest with high spatio-temporal variability, obtained through remote sensors of three types: images captured by satellites or airplanes, images obtained from manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and specific information with sensors mounted on machinery or in the field. These limitations were overcome by using multispectral images, which has increased applications for agricultural purposes. Currently, multispectral images allow quantifying soil moisture, monitoring the presence of droughts and the degree of crop water stress, estimating the temporal and spatial variability of evapotranspiration, monitoring phenology, detecting nutritional deficiencies, estimating the degree of weed infestation. and insects, calculate organic carbon and soil salinity, and estimate yields and agricultural production. The use of geospatial technologies in the PA has changed the paradigm of agriculture and today constitutes a viable alternative to face the challenges that food production demands in a world with high climate variability.

The present article conducts an analysis of the health determinants associated with certain Cardiovascular Diseases, such as acquired heart diseases and congenital heart diseases, from an integrative perspective. From this standpoint, the aim is to contribute to the education and awareness of the scientific community, with the purpose of enhancing preventive, rehabilitative, and healthcare actions for these patients and their families. Additionally, a call is made to public health policies to raise awareness of their involvement in such actions, employing multidisciplinary approaches and the reformulation of interventions capable of reducing the burden attributable to these diseases and their deleterious consequences. The relevant role of Psychocardiology is emphasized, given its social mandate, inherently humanistic nature, and its position as a meeting point between two sciences - Cardiology and Psychology. The article focuses on international scientific contributions, as well as the social, environmental, biological, psychological, and cultural variables related to these conditions.

The socio-environmental problems experienced by coastal zones have conditioned the emergence of some environmental management tools and approaches to try to provide interdisciplinary answers and solutions to them. The emergence of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management approach in the 1970s and its subsequent implementation throughout the world in the face of the challenges of sustainable development led the Cuban government to adopt it in the 1990s. One of the many ways used was the approval of a master's degree program for capacity building in this area of knowledge. This work is based on the importance of the Master's Program in Integrated Coastal Zone Management at the University of Cienfuegos "Carlos Rafael Rodríguez". This master's program seeks to train professionals whose research contributes to the understanding of the phenomena that occur in the coastal zone and its tributary basins; to identify problems related to the integrated management of coastal zones; and to recommend solutions, among other aspects. From the methodological point of view, an analysis was made of the progress of the academic program based on its theoretical, methodological and research foundations. It is concluded that coastal zones constitute a new field of research which requires the formation of interdisciplinary capacities to address the problems presented by these important complex and fragile spaces.

The work refers to aspects concerning the task of the contemporary university from its management, based on the professional's own training, aimed at the commitment and social responsibility of teachers, students and graduates, in relation to the social inclusion of people with disabilities. The methodology used is based on a study of various sources of information, from an exploratory approach, where certain reflections on the topic are revealed and at the same time a subject program is offered, with its corresponding topics and activities, as part of the optional curriculum. of the Agronomy Engineering Degree, at the “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez” University of Cienfuegos, Cuba. It is important to highlight how the role of the teacher as an instructor and guide is demonstrated, which allows the growth of university students, from a comprehensive humanistic vision, and particularly in their axiological and ethical training, so that the rights of people are facilitated and promoted. in a situation of disability, which includes their inclusion in socio-labor activities.

The university concretizes its social assegnment in the substantive activities of teaching, research and community outreach, this being one the reasons why the university teachers must have knowloledge, skills, values and ways to develop them in the best possible way. That is why, in this article, elements of this type of training are specifically addressed, in the theory, in community outreach. This work is born from the review and analisys of the different bibliographic sources in which it was found that there are researchers who address the continuous training of teachers in teaching and research substantive university activities, however, have not been found, so far, significant contributions in regard to this type of training in community outreach, this being so necessary due to the role it plays in linking university society.

The project led by Editorial Universo Sur of the University of Cienfuegos seeks to establish a Network of Publishing Houses and their corresponding journals in the Ministry of Higher Education. The objective is that, in a collaborative manner at national and international level, they face the key challenges for an efficient management of their editorial processes. This includes the creation of an information literacy and scientific production strategy that promotes cross-cutting and interdisciplinary strategies, allowing the location, comparison, evaluation, communication, dissemination, synthesis and production of information at the level of international university standards. Good practices that guarantee quality, sustainability, professionalism, open access, universality and responsibility in these publishing houses will be promoted and generalized. Weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities will be identified, and based on this analysis, an improvement plan will be proposed and implemented for all these processes, with their respective multi-criteria assessment and level of preference.

Introducción: Perfeccionar las habilidades de comunicación y comprensión del inglés en los momentos actuales es una necesidad indispensable para aquellos que realizan estudios de maestría y doctorado, pues les permite divulgar los resultados de sus investigaciones con mayor precisión, así como asimilar claramente la literatura especializada que consulten. Objetivo: Analizar algunas de las principales estrategias de traducción empleadas por los participantes en el curso de comprensión y comunicación de los resultados de investigación. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación educativa en el periodo 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos, para lo cual se seleccionó una muestra de 42 profesionales, matriculados en los programas de formación doctoral en ciencias biomédicas, estomatológicas y psicológicas. A tal efecto, se empleó la observación como método para describir el proceso de entrenamiento en traducción de textos médicos del inglés al español. Resultados: La estrategia más empleada por los doctorandos fue la traducción literal, que se halló en los 107 fragmentos analizados y en 86,9 % de estos fue la única aplicada; a esta le siguió la transposición (70,0 %). Los calcos léxicos constituyeron la estrategia menos usada, pues solo figuraron en 11,2 % de los textos médicos traducidos del inglés al español. Conclusiones: Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron la traducción literal y la transposición, lo cual se debe a que las estructuras léxicas y sintácticas sirven de base para establecer analogías entre los idiomas español e inglés y, por tanto, facilitan la reexpresión que conlleva el proceso de traducción.

Educational models recognize the way in which human beings face daily life. Thus, they are based on family, school, and community education, which they may have throughout their lives. This prerogative explains that, in contemporary pedagogical practices, educational guidance is incorporated as a quality condition, which rests on the influence that educators can exert in their guidance role or the professional specialized in this educational area. In this sense, the epistemological debate on this topic opens the possibility of analyzing this discipline from a science, technology, and society approach. Therefore, the objective was to characterize the challenges that, from the configuration, methodological, practical, theoretical structure, educational orientation has today. For this, the study was based on the reflection of the authors of some readings that, due to the relevance in the authorship or the delimitation of the objectives, were essential to reach conclusions. In this way, it is evident that educational orientation must be understood as a quality factor of education.

Los metales pesados se hallan entre los contaminantes ambientales y su introducción en las aguas demuestran la presencia de fuentes antropogénicas. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en evaluar la exposición bioacumulativa a metales pesados en muestras de los músculos ventrales de Clarias gariepinus que habitan en el ecosistema dulceacuícola Bélico en la ciudad de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se emplearon métodos de recopilación de la información y de procesamiento de la información recopilada, destacándose la entrevista a 10 personas que se dedican a la pesca de la Claria y la encuesta a 50 pobladores que consumen C gariepinus. La captura de los ejemplares se realizó mediante redes, con una luz de malla de 60 a 110 mm, y varas de pescar. Los muestreos se efectuaron en dos zonas del ecosistema dulceacuícola Bélico. La determinación de los metales se realizó por mezcla de digestión ácida, cuantificándose los elementos mediante Espectrometría de Emisión por Plasma Inductivamente Acoplado con Vista Axial (ICP-AES). Los metales pesados encontrados en C. gariepinus fueron: Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb y Cd. Se concluye que el río Bélico, posee condiciones ambientales de exposición biodisponible para metales pesados.

The study aimed to determine the predictors of death (in the first 21 days) in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage; for this, an observational, descriptive-correlational study was carried out, which included 79 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2016 and 2021. Fatality due to the disease and its relationship with various variables were determined, for which bivariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was performed; The Odds Ratio and its confidence interval were used as statisticians. Among the main results are the following: 29 patients (36.7%) died. Mortality was higher in older adults (40% vs 33%, not significant), in females (43% vs 29%, not significant) and in patients admitted within the first 48 hours of diagnosis (43% vs 7%, OR 9.8[1.2;79.7]); also in whom the cause of the bleeding could not be identified (64%), and in the clinical presentation with a predominance of alterations in the state of consciousness (OR 3.3[1.03;10.5]). In the clinical and imaging scales used, a progressive increase in lethality from low to high grades was found (Hunt and Hess: OR 13.6[4.3;43.2]; Fisher: OR 14.4[1.8;115.3]). As conclusions of the investigation, the lethality at 21 days in the series studied is considered high, and was associated with the clinical presentation with a predominance of alterations in the state of consciousness, the greater intensity of the initial bleeding (Fisher IIIIV), the occurrence of neurological complications and the superimposed respiratory infection. The importance of rebleeding in the occurrence of death is verified, as well as the condition of death predictor of the Hunt and Hess scale.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patients face daily difficulties in keeping their blood glucose levels within appropriate ranges. Several techniques and devices, such as flash glucose meters, have been developed to help T1D patients improve their quality of life. Most recently, the data collected via these devices is being used to train advanced artificial intelligence models to characterize the evolution of the disease and support its management. Data scarcity is the main challenge for generating these models, as most works use private or artificially generated datasets. For this reason, this work presents T1DiabetesGranada, an open under specific permission longitudinal dataset that not only provides continuous glucose levels, but also patient demographic and clinical information. The dataset includes 257 780 days of measurements spanning four years from 736 T1D patients from the province of Granada, Spain. This dataset advances beyond the state of the art as one the longest and largest open datasets of continuous glucose measurements, thus boosting the development of new artificial intelligence models for glucose level characterization and prediction.

Many heuristics for network reconfiguration rely on the systematic applying of the branch-exchange technique. In this work, two novel genetic operators for crossover and mutation have been developed that are based on the referred technique. The chromosome's codification to use these operators is straightforward and is not required any additional knowledge of graph theory to achieve the feasibility of individuals. As one of their main novelties, the methodology shows how can be employed a local improvement step, used commonly in the single-objective optimization, in the multi-objective optimization. This step increases the convergence of the optimization with populations of much reduced size. The proposed methodology is tested by solving several examples of the literature, including or not the local improvement step. The comparison of the results with the best solutions published for these examples shows the effectiveness of the method.

Given the birth of a child with a visual disability or who acquires this condition in the course of his life, guidance and support for families has a special connotation. The objective of this article is aimed at proposing a family guidance system for the development of personal autonomy in students with visual disabilities in Basic Secondary Education in Colombia. In the methodology used, theoretical and empirical methods such as logical history, synthetic analytics, systemic approach and modeling were combined, a questionnaire was applied to families of students with visual disabilities, interviews with students, teachers from official educational institutions and methodological triangulation to determine requirements derived from the different methods used. The family guidance system is made up of three subsystems called basic, enrichment and consolidation that ensure a logical and harmonious relationship by establishing its development based on the results obtained in the initial diagnosis and where the demands of society and the Colombian educational system are taken into account. As results, it was obtained that the system is pertinent from its application in the selected sample and contributed to the orientation of families in the development of personal autonomy in their relative with Visual Disability.

Population aging constitutes one of the achievements and one of the most important challenges in the development of societies. The main cause of aging is the decrease in the fertility of women and to a lesser extent external emigration, especially of young people. In Cuba, more people die than are born, mainly due to low replacement levels in fertility, a situation aggravated in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the negative consequences of population aging, four main ones are identified: health, economic, sociocultural and legal; among the positive ones, there are some reports of cohorts of people who reach advanced ages in better physical and mental condition. The changes that have occurred in the family institution in many societies and the age discrimination of the elderly have serious consequences for the health, well-being and human rights of the elderly. It is considered that there is a lot of information about the “diagnosis” and “prognosis” of population aging, but there is less about effective actions for its “treatment”, a complex and difficult aspect to face. Some proposals are presented to mitigate these inevitable demographic changes. The purpose of this communication is to comment on certain aspects of the aging of the Cuban population.