University of Burgos

Two different hydrolysates of the water-soluble protein (WSP) fraction from tuna fish meal were obtained by subcritical water-CO 2 (subW-CO 2 ) and Alcalase ® treatments. Hydrolysates showed different chemical composition regarding their free amino acid (FAA) profile and molecular weight distribution of the peptides generated. Consequently, different strategies were proposed by using a stirred dead-end filtration system equipped with flat sheet membranes. Two nanofiltration (NF) consecutive steps were proposed for fractionation of subW-CO 2 hydrolysates with polyamide membranes (800–600 Da and 300–150 Da) yielding a first retentate where 79% of the protein fraction was retained, while 92% of FAA were retained in the second step with a purity index of 29%. Alcalase ® hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration (UF, 10 kDa) followed by NF (1–1.1 kDa) with polyethersulfone membranes obtaining a first retentate with more than 65% of protein fraction retention with a purity index of 50%. A relatively wide molecular weight distribution was observed in all streams, with high antioxidant and iron-chelating capacities in the retentate fractions. Graphical Abstract

The archaeological research carried out at Irulegi, a hilltop site on the namesake mountain (Aranguren Valley, Navarre, Spain), has revealed one of the most important examples of fortified protohistoric settlements in the western Pyrenees, characterized by its long evolution and the exceptional preservation of its remains. This site has been systematically explored using a range of methods, both geophysical and direct, including GPR, ERT and magnetic prospection, geoarchaeological coring, chemostrati-graphic analysis and verification test pits, which have finally indicated the most suitable areas for excavations. The surveys carried out suggest that the settlement was initially established for defensive purposes and to exert control over the surrounding territory during the Middle to Late Bronze Age, approximately between the 15th and 11th centuries bc. The site remained occupied throughout the Iron Age until the first third of the 1st century bc, when it was abandoned following an assault by Roman forces in the context of the Sertorian Wars. The continuity of the archaeological record observed in the direct prospection, coupled with the remarkable quality and preservation of the architectural and archaeological evidence observed in the geophysical survey, outlines Irulegi as a key site for understanding the socioeconomic development of protohistoric populations in this region and could also offer insights applicable to other fortified Iron Age settlements in this or other regions of southwestern Europe.

El 26 de julio de 2023, el presidente de la Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP) Morcilla de Burgos, Roberto da Silva, declaró en una pequeña emisora local de Burgos que las exhumaciones de represaliados de la Guerra Civil las promovían los familiares para cobrar “400 euritos”. X se convirtió en plataforma de denuncia y catalizador del cese del presidente de la IGP. La investigación demuestra, mediante un estudio de caso y análisis principalmente cuantitativo, el papel de X en la primacía de influencia social, la importancia de los pequeños líderes de opinión para iniciar el debate, el impacto cuantitativo de cuentas corporativas, la fijación de agenda, la quiebra de la verticalidad comunicacional y la verificación de la comunicación en dos pasos.

Nuestra investigación analiza la influencia de las emociones positivas en la evaluación de oportunidades de negocio y la disposición a emprender y si esta influencia es diferente en el caso de los emprendedores culturales y creativos. Para ello, consideramos el efecto de las emociones en la cognición y tenemos en cuenta los factores situacionales e individuales particulares del emprendimiento en las industrias culturales y creativas. Nuestros resultados muestran que las emociones positivas favorecen una evaluación más positiva de la oportunidad, que se percibe como más novedosa. También muestran que las emociones positivas favorecen una mayor disposición a emprender. Sin embargo, esta influencia de las emociones positivas es menor en el caso de los emprendedores culturales y creativos.

This proposal adds original approaches to the currently scarce body of practical evidence on the application of STEM innovations in the curriculum. A teaching-learning program was designed in a real-world context such as the game of soccer with a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) approach through a cooperative problem-solving methodology. The objectives of the research focus on analyzing the effect of the use of this STEM unit on the academic performance of students, taking into account the gender variable; and their appreciation of the activities and methodology used, as well as the challenges encountered and their solutions. The intervention was implemented in the 4th year of Compulsory Secondary Education in a school in Spain with 36 students (24 girls and 12 boys). Academic performance was analyzed taking into account the gender variable, for which a quasi-experimental design was applied before and after with a control group. The appreciation and interest of the experimental group regarding the methodology used as well as the difficulties that arose were studied. As a result, there is an improvement in the academic performance, which is more evident in girls. The methodology has been valued positively and the greatest difficulties refer to the distribution of roles and understanding and carrying out the activities, however, these difficulties were resolved with the help of classmates and the teacher.

Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFBs) have received much attention due to the accessibility of their active materials. However, among the key performance indicators that require improvement for AORFBs to become competitive against mature technologies, lifespan is especially critical for stationary energy storage. Faradaic imbalance driven by the occurrence of irreversible electrochemical processes decreases lifespan, so monitoring and correction of this parameter is required to prolong lifespan. This work presents a novel, simple and non‐invasive automatized method to monitor the Faradaic imbalance. This method is based on detecting the variation of the minimum derivative of the cell voltage upon cycling, and it is used as the activation criterion for a rebalancing device. The system is tested using an alkaline flow battery consisting of ferrocyanide and 2,6‐dihydroxyanthraquinone (2,6‐DHAQ), extending the cycle life of the battery to 400 cycles (235 h) without any capacity decay and without Ar‐filled glovebox. This demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed system to monitor the state‐of‐health (SOH) due to Faradaic imbalance and recover the capacity loss.

Over time, sexuality has become a crucial aspect in people's lives, regardless of physical, intellectual or social conditions, ranging from sex and sexually transmitted diseases to gender identity and sexual orientation. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the scientific literature on sexual orientation in people with intellectual disabilities from the Education and Health Sciences and to analyse how sex education is addressed in this group. To this end, a systematic review of research on sexual orientation in people with intellectual disabilities was carried out. The results obtained reveal that there is hardly any scientific corpus on this subject, so emphasis should be placed on the attitudes towards LGTBIQA+ people with intellectual disabilities, as well as on the training and understanding of the different sexual orientations they may have. It is essential to face the obstacles , stigmas and prejudices established in society to normalise the sexual needs of these people, improving, consequently, their quality of life.

Introduction This research integrates criminological and psychological literature by applying the 3N model of radicalization to predict criminal attitudes. Specifically, we conceptualize “need” as the search for meaning, “networks” as deviant associations, and “narrative” as criminal attitudes. We examine the roles of these factors across diverse cultural contexts and investigate the effectiveness of prosocial models in redirecting the search for meaning away from criminal attitudes. Methods Three studies were conducted to examine the relationships between the search for meaning, deviant associations, and criminal attitudes. Study 1A sampled former inmates in Pakistan (N = 243), while Study 1B (N = 402) and Study 2 (N = 330) focused on at-risk youth in southern Spain. Study 2 further tested a field intervention using positive role models to mitigate the search for meaning and criminal attitudes. Results Findings from Studies 1A and 1B indicate a significant indirect effect of the search for meaning on criminal attitudes, mediated through deviant associations. Additionally, Study 2 demonstrates that exposure to prosocial role models reduces both the search for meaning and criminal attitudes, supporting the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Discussion These findings highlight the utility of the 3N model in understanding criminal attitudes within diverse high-risk contexts. By bridging psychological and criminological perspectives, this research offers a framework for prevention and intervention strategies targeting individuals vulnerable to criminal influences.

Background/Objectives: Increased time and adherence to physical activity, as well as increased intensity of physical activity, is one of the determining factors in improving survival and avoiding disease recurrence in female breast cancer survivors. The study aims to determine the effect of a 12-session concurrent training program on increasing moderate/vigorous physical activity time in this population. Methods: A total of (N = 72) female breast cancer survivors were randomized into an intervention group and a control group to perform a 12-session concurrent training program. The GPAQ questionnaire measured the time and intensity of physical activity and work they performed before starting the program and three months after completion of the program. Results: A total of (N = 15) women in the intervention group and (N = 22) women in the control group completed the questionnaire before and three months after completing the program. A significant increase in moderate, vigorous, and combined physical activity (PA) was observed in the intervention group (IG) in comparison to the control group (CG) at three months following the intervention. While these results are promising, it is important to note that the observed improvements in PA adherence reflect associations rather than direct causal relationships. While these changes are statistically significant, they also reflect meaningful improvements in clinical outcomes. A notable finding was the significant decrease in sedentary time observed in the IG, which is likely to have contributed to the observed improvement in adherence. Conclusions: Concurrent training shows an increment in the time and intensity of daily physical activity performed by breast cancer survivors, which is a determining aspect of the survival and non-relapse of the disease in this population.

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy with a high risk of postoperative recurrence. Although adjuvant mitotane is commonly used, its potential for achieving cure rather than simply postponing inevitable recurrence remains uncertain. This study investigates whether mitotane impacts ACC recurrence patterns by preventing or delaying recurrence. Methods This retrospective analysis used data from the ICARO-GETTHI/SEEN registry, which includes 36 Spanish hospitals. Recurrence in non-metastatic ACC patients after resection was analyzed using Cox models, flexible longitudinal models, and mixture cure models to evaluate the impact of mitotane. Results Among 244 patients, 133 (52%) received adjuvant mitotane, with therapeutic levels monitored in 84%. Findings suggest a possible “cure fraction” with a 32.5% estimated 30-year cure rate (95% CI, 23.4%-45.0%). Cox regression indicated a 39% reduced recurrence risk (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.95) for mitotane-treated patients, with effects diminishing over 24 months. Mixture cure models suggest mitotane primarily delays rather than prevents recurrence. Effect modification analysis showed significant benefit in males (HR 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.69), younger patients, tumors with higher Ki-67% (modeled as a continuous variable), and those with venous invasion (HR 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.82), with potential synergy when combined with radiotherapy. Conclusion This study underscores the intriguing possibility that adjuvant mitotane delays recurrence, yet questions remain as to its curative capacity. The early benefit suggests a cytostatic effect, but certain subgroups—especially males, younger individuals, and those with high-risk tumors—may experience a more durable outcome. Further research is needed to explore mitotane’s curative potential in ACC management.

Background/Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a major contributor to gastric infections; it is prevalent in humans and associated with gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, the increase in antimicrobial resistance has contributed to the need for alternative approaches, prompting interest in natural products with antimicrobial and antivirulence properties. This study investigated the effect of bioaccessible melanoidins from common and soft bread crust against H. pylori infection. Methods: Melanoidins were extracted using dead-end ultrafiltration, and bioaccessible fractions were obtained through in vitro digestion. The bactericidal effect of melanoidins was assessed at 2% and 4% concentrations over 24 and 48 h. The effect on H. pylori adhesion of 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL of gastric and intestinal bioaccessible fractions of melanoidins was evaluated in Caco-2 cells. Results: The bactericidal effect of melanoidins revealed significant efficacy, with a greater effect for soft bread melanoidins. The gastric fractions exhibited a higher inhibitory effect, which is crucial for gastric mucosa, the primary site of H. pylori infection. Both bioaccessible fractions showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against H. pylori-induced inflammation, particularly in the gastric fractions. This was evidenced by a reduction in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release and an enhancement in interleukin-10 release. The observed reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the maintenance of glutathione levels indicate an improved redox status. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the potential of melanoidins, especially from soft bread, as bioactive compounds against H. pylori, offering insights for future functional food development.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) in semi-professional male and professional female Spanish football players. Methods: The study involved 129 football players (92 men and 37 women) who completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire on the use of DS in athletes. Results: The results indicated that 96.12% of the sample reported taking DS, with the main reason for consumption being performance enhancement. The most commonly consumed DS were creatine monohydrate (66.77%), caffeine (56.59%), whey protein (48.06%), isotonic drinks (37.21%), vitamin D (27.91%), energy bars (27.13%), magnesium (20.93%), and vitamin C (20.16%). Additionally, significant differences were found between sexes regarding vitamin D consumption (p < 0.05; OR = 3.27 [0.36–2.00]). According to the Australian Institute of Sport DS classification, group A was the most consumed, followed by group B. Significant sex differences were found in the consumption of sports foods (p = 0.034; OR = 3.25 [0.05–2.31]) and medical supplements (p < 0.001; OR = 3.75 [0.52–2.12]). Sex differences were also found in place of purchase, source of recommendation, as well as the situation and timing of consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of DS among Spanish football players was prevalent at 96.12%, with creatine monohydrate, caffeine, and whey protein being the most commonly consumed. Differences in consumption patterns were noted between sexes.

A molybdenum‐catalyzed deoxygenation of sulfoxides, pyridine and quinoline N‐oxides, N‐hydroxybenzotriazoles, as well as the reduction of nitroarenes to anilines, has been developed using monocyclic terpenes such as γ‐terpinene as an environmentally benign hydrogen surrogate. The only byproducts generated are water and p‐cymene, under neat reaction conditions in which the terpene acts as both solvent and reducing agent. These features make this approach a highly attractive and sustainable alternative for the reduction of S‐O and N‐O containing compounds. Additionally, the reaction exhibited excellent chemoselectivity, tolerating a wide variety of functional groups.

Confinement of solid electroactive materials in the external reservoirs of Redox‐Mediated Flow Batteries (RMFB) is of critical importance for the development of this family of battery technologies. Herein, an efficient strategy that is based on a flow‐through configuration is proposed. Confinement of all solid particles in a single porous block (so‐called monolith) that occupies the entire reservoir brings practical and fundamental advantages. The improved flow distribution across the reservoir for the flow‐through configuration enables enhanced kinetics and utilization rates (twice the utilization rate in 20% shorter time). Pressure drop induced by the flow‐through configuration is easily reduced by changing the reservoir geometry becoming negligible in comparison to the drop induced by the cell (value for the monolith can be as low as 0.2% of the cell value). Additionally, determination of intrinsic properties of the steady monolith prior to its encapsulation enables knowing textural properties of the reservoir which are required for fundamental aspects. While ferrocyanide – Prussian Blue (redox mediator – solid booster) is used as model system here, the versatility of this strategy enables its implementation in other systems including future chemistries.

Introduction The aim of this present work is to systematically compile, map, and review the scientific literature concerning education on affective-sexual and gender diversity, produced within the Spanish geographical context over the past decade (2013–2023). To this end, this systematic review offers an unprecedented and updated synthesis of the most prominent challenges and areas for improvement in Spain, for the purpose of identifying existing research gaps, as well as curricular and training needs in this transdisciplinary field. Methods To achieve this objective, the PRISMA guidelines are applied in the extraction and selection of indexed materials from two of the principal internationally renowned databases, namely the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The analysis was facilitated through the use of bibliographic management software, as well as quantitative and qualitative data analysis tools. Results The findings obtained address the research question pertaining to the factors influencing the construction of attitudes and representations concerning this type of diversity within formal educational settings. Furthermore, the benefits, limitations, and obstacles surrounding its curricular integration are examined. Various socio-demographic variables of both students and educators, such as age, gender, religious beliefs, teaching experience, personal and social experiences, school-driven initiatives, and the persistence of hegemonic gender representations emerge as explanatory factors linked to these attitudes and representations. Similarly, the visibility of diverse identities, social inclusion, and plurality are associated with the necessity for education geared toward democratic citizenship. The sensitivity of the content and its curricular invisibility, along with training deficiencies, lack of academic recognition, and the absence of specific protocols for preventing LGBTIQphobia are identified as the most prominent limitations or hurdles for the comprehensive promotion of education pertaining to affective-sexual and gender diversity across distinct educational stages. Discussion Instances of discrimination, harassment, and both physical and symbolic violence against non-heteronormative groups, grounded in the sex-gender system and cis-heteronormativity, continue to be recognized by educators. In this vein, scientific literature underscores the significance of education concerning affective-sexual and gender diversity as a means to eradicate stereotypes and negative attitudes toward LGBTIQ+ individuals, thereby striving toward genuine equity.

Vitamin D [25(OH)D] is a key nutrient, although its level is often low in the general population. To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and muscle performance, and to analyze how vitamin D changes during a 16‐week competitive season and its relationship to the performance tests performed. Participant characteristics: age 25.1 ± 4.7 years; height 1.8 ± 0.1 m, and body mass 73.9 ± 15.4 kg. Vitamin D levels (ng/mL) were at T1 (September): 33.7 ± 14.7 (n = 23), and at T2 (January): 26.1 ± 7.3 (n = 23). Over 16 weeks of competition, participants' blood was analyzed to determine their vitamin D levels. Their athletic abilities were evaluated through various tests: vertical jumps (standing jump and countermovement jump); 20‐m sprint without direction changes; and intermittent endurance test; the vitamin D level decreased from T1 to T2 by −22. 40% [p < 0.05] but performance improved in all tests performed (SJ: 4.57%; CMJ: 6.94%; VO2max: 4.99% [p < 0.05]; 20 m: −1.83%). There is a relationship between vitamin D levels and physical performance in female indoor athletes. The results suggest that increased training load may also negatively affect vitamin D levels in elite female indoor athletes.

178 Background: Survival of microsatellite instability (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) has remarkably increased with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we present our real-world data regarding the management and clinical outcomes of a cohort of 214 MSI-mCRC patients included in the Spanish Group of Treatment of Digestive Tumors TTD Registry (RETUD). Methods: RETUD is a national, multicenter registry for gastrointestinal tumors from the Spanish TTD Group. In this cross-sectional analysis we evaluated a real-world cohort of MSI-mCRC pts diagnosed from 1 st January 2017 to 29 th April 2024. Baseline characteristics, treatments and treatment response are descriptively presented. Tumoral response was evaluated according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. First line progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method are presented along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 679 MSI-CRC pts included in RETUD, a total of 214 mCRC pts were evaluable. Pts’ age at diagnosis was 69.6 (26-96) years, and they were predominantly Caucasian (97.7%) and female (53.7%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0-1 for 168 (78.5%) pts. Seventeen (10.7%) pts presented Lynch syndrome. Main tumor biological characteristics are described at Table 1 and the molecular profile (when available) was: KRAS mutation (24.3%), NRAS mutation (3.5%) and BRAF v600E mutation (53.0%). Surgical resections: 158 (73.8%) pts for primary tumor and 42 (19.6%) pts for metastasis. First line systemic treatment was administered to 187 (97.1%) pts: 92 (49.2%) pembrolizumab, 83 (44.4%) chemotherapy (CT), 4 (2.1%) other ICIs, 8 (4.3%) not reported. With a median follow up period of 17.4 months, the median (95% CI) OS and first-line PFS of the total mCRC population were 32.6 (22-72.4) and 11.1 (8.2-17.9) months (m), respectively. In immunotherapy (IT) pts mOS was not achieved (22.0-NA) and PFS was 26.5 m (12.9-NA) while the mOS was 28.9 m (16.3-69.3) and PFS 7.5 (5.4-9.3) m in CT pts. The overall response rate (ORR) was 54.2% in IT pts vs. 37.3% in CT pts. Conclusions: The introduction of IT has changed the evolution of MSI-H mCRC management, offering a beneficial impact in the OS and PFS survival in contrast to other conventional therapies in a real-world context. Tumor characteristics at initial diagnosis of CRC. Stage at initial diagnosis of CRC I/II, n (%) 4 (1.9) / 26 (12.1) III/IV, n (%) 66 (30.8) / 118 (55.1) Location of primary tumor a , n (%) right colon /left colon /rectum 160 (74.8) /37 (17.3) /19 (8.9) Main metastatic location b , n (%) Liver 84 (39.3) Peritoneal 76 (35.5) Lymph 71 (33.2) Lungs 41 (19.2) a Pts with more than 1 primary tumor; the percentage may be over 100%. Data missing for 4 (1.9%) pts. b Pts with more than 1 metastatic site; the percentage may be over 100%.