University of Bangka Belitung

In recent years, chemotherapy has been widely reported as a treatment for cancer. However, most patients experience side effects of chemotherapy due to direct exposure of drugs such as doxorubicin to body tissues. This work seeks an effective magnetic-based drug delivery system, where the system can maximally load the drug and is able to release the drug in a controlled manner. In this study, the magnetite/hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized through the coprecipitation route, utilizing the natural resources of iron sand and serai snail shells. The crystals formed are sized 9.22–9.63 nm for magnetite and 7.94–8.70 nm for hydroxyapatite. Infrared analysis has shown the presence of M–O, OH–, PO43–, and NH2. Additionally, morphology of the magnetite/hydroxyapatite/chitosan nanocomposite consists of spherical particles with a size of 28.1–32.3 nm. Composition of chitosan reducing the band gap energy. The nanocomposites showed superparamagnetic with a saturation magnetization of 8.9–11.1 emu.g–1. Antibacterial activity investigations revealed that the nanocomposites formed an inhibition zone diameter of 2–8 mm. Doxorubicin was successfully loaded with a drug loading efficiency ranging from 76 to 82%. Based on the release kinetics, doxorubicin demonstrated a rapid release with maximum value within the first 135 min. Therefore, this study has successfully developed a drug delivery system responsive to magnetic fields, capable of loading high-capacity drugs and releasing them at target sites, thereby positioning this material as a promising candidate in cancer treatment systems.

The floodplains of Bangka Island, which are inhabited by endemic and native fish species, are increasingly threatened by several landscape change and waste pollution. Therefore, the investigation into fish diversity using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and traditional sampling is required. eDNA samples were obtained from surface waters of Kurau and Bikang Rivers in Bangka Regency using a metaprobe with sterile gauze (10×10 cm). The extracted DNA products were amplified using Tele02 forward and reverse primers at annealing temperature of 54°C. The resulting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were cleaned, attached to adapters, and sequenced with the Next Generation Sequencing Illumina MiSeq platform. The total of 385,661 reads were initially generated using the Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2 (DADA2). After the quality control (QC) process, 25.5% of the read (73,301) were retained for analysis. Results of the eDNA metabarcoding showed that species abundance and Shannon–Wiener diversity index were higher in the experiment fishing group (6 and 0.93) compared to those obtained from eDNA data (3 and 0.42). Additionally, both indices were higher in the Kurau River (4 and 0.82) than in the Bikang River (3 and 0.48). Species richness was significantly different between the two sampling methods (p < 0.001). Eighteen fish species were identified through experimental fishing, three using eDNA metabarcoding, and one species was common to both methods. PCA results revealed that the richness of species and effectiveness of sampling technique were significantly affected by water quality. The result of eDNA detection in this research was not better than experimental fishing. Hence, the development of reference for genetic database and optimisation of eDNA technique are required.

Digitalization has penetrated various sectors, including SMEs. This paper aims to empirically prove whether digitalization has an impact on the value-added and productivity of SMEs. Using the Innovation Theory by Rogers we analyze the perception of 156 SMEs who have digitized their business. The result says that there is enough evidence that digitalization has an impact on the productivity and value-added of SMEs. This evidence supports the Innovation Theory that digitalization can increase productivity and value-added in companies including SMEs by increasing operational effectiveness and efficiency. Stakeholders, especially the government must encourage SMEs to digitize their business by taking supportive policies and providing incentives for SMEs who digitize.

Salvia nutans is a steppe relict species, characteristic of the West Palearctic steppe and forest-steppe. It is vulnerable to overgrazing and the conversion of grasslands into arable land. Due to these anthropogenic impacts, the species is endangered in some locations in Romania. In this context, the study aims to find the plant associations in which the species occurs and the environmental factors that explain the floristic composition. For the vegetation analysis, 870 relevés were used, and the data were analyzed in JUICE programme, applying the modified TWINSPAN algorithm for clustering. The floristic composition data and environmental variables were used for the multivariate analyses. Salvia nutans was recorded most frequently in the Festuco-Brometea class, the Festucetalia valesiacae order, the Stipion lessingianae alliance, and the Jurineo transylvanicae-Stipetum pulcherrimae and Allio albidi-Stipetum lessingianae associations. Canonical Correlation Analysis indicates that annual precipitation (BIO12) explained most of the variation in floristic composition. S. nutans occurs predominantly on steep slopes with southwest aspects and at an average elevation of 359 m. The species occurs in moderately acidic to slightly alkaline soils, with moderate phosphorus and high potassium concentrations. Salvia nutans is related to topographic and edaphic conditions, showing its role as an indicator species for continental, xerophilic grasslands. Given its vulnerability to land-use changes, S. nutans should be included in long-term monitoring programs to assess population dynamics.

Seagrass meadows are important blue carbon ecosystems. They are threatened by various anthropogenic activities, including mining, which affect the ecological health. This study investigates the impact of sea-based tin mining activities on the carbon storage capabilities of seagrass meadows in Bangka Belitung, Indonesia. The objective of the study is to quantify carbon stocks and sequestrations in these ecosystems and understand how mining influences these critical natural resources. The research was conducted at various seagrass sites with different levels of mining impacts. Carbon stocks and sequestration were measured using the Loss on Ignition method, and net primary productivity was calculated. Remote sensing data from Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2A satellites were used to monitor changes in seagrass cover over time. Sedimentation rates and total suspended solids were measured to assess environmental impacts. Statistical analysis, including correlation and cluster analysis, examined the relationship between mining activity and seagrass health. The findings indicate a significant decrease in seagrass coverage and carbon storage in areas with high levels of tin mining. Specifically, areas with intensive mining showed higher rates of sedimentation and total suspended solids, which correlated with reduced seagrass biomass and carbon sequestration. This decrease compromises the ecological role of seagrass meadows as effective carbon sinks, highlighting the destructive impact of mining activities on these ecosystems.

The improper use of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections leads to the development of multi-drug-resistant strains. To address this issue, there is a growing demand for new antibiotic alternatives for the management of bacterial illnesses. In this study, we synthesized a cost-effective antibacterial composite with efficient performance, by loading Kalanchoe pinnata leaf-extracted flavonoids (KPFs) into a chitosan biopolymer matrix. The KPFs-loaded chitosan was characterized by spectroscopy and surface analyses. The synergistic antibacterial effects of the KPFs/chitosan composite were evaluated against bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, demonstrating satisfactory data. The disc diffusion assays revealed inhibition zones ranging from 14 to 26.5 mm, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations were found to be in the range of 10-15 µg/mL and 45-60 µg/mL, respectively. The kill-time kinetics study showed that all tested bacteria were killed in less than or within 6 h. In addition, the KPFs-loaded chitosan composite showed a clear significant improvement in the antibacterial effect as compared to its individual components (KPFs or chitosan alone). Conclusively, this research shows that plant-based antibiotics combined with functional natural polymers are sustainable and cost-effective solutions to fight bacterial infections.

This study presents the results of the Magnetotelluric (MT) survey aimed at resolving the subsurface structures in the northern part of the Pingtung Plain. Data analysis was conducted using ten local observation stations and one remote reference station. Due to the significant noise of the urban environment, the process of obtaining high-quality results proved to be challenging. The impact of such noise on the transfer function estimation is demonstrated, emphasizing the need for careful data selection and processing to mitigate its effects. The results reveal a distinct low–high–low-resistivity trend in the subsurface, with the Quaternary–Neogene sediment boundary estimated to be up to 500 m deep. Additionally, this study maps depths of up to 4 km, where it indicates possible faulting structures below the study area, which may be related to the previously assumed structures south of the study area. Given the limited, available deep subsurface information of the study area, these findings offer a preliminary understanding of the subsurface characteristics of the northern Pingtung Plain, which may contribute to ongoing research on the geological characteristics of the region while taking into account the importance of addressing urban noise when interpreting MT data.

Mangroves play an essential ecological roles, such as providing habitats for various organisms and contributing to reducing CO2 emissions from human activities. These emissions are one of the main causes of global warming and climate change. This study aims to analyze the litter production rate and carbon content of mangrove litter in Sungai Nibung Village, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. Sampling of mangrove litter was conducted for 14 days using a 1x1 m2 litter trap with a mesh size of 0.2 cm. The litter traps have been placed in 9 stations. Litter samples were collected on the 7th and 14th days, including parts of mangroves (leaves, twigs, flowers, and fruits) that naturally fell. Result of the study showed the total litter production rate ranged from 4.95 to 30.07 tons/ha/year, and the findings reveal a clear hierarchy in litter production with the composition being leaves > twigs > propagules/fruits > flowers. Leaves litter production rate is notably high, followed by twigs which represent the second-largest portion, then fruits, and flowers. Meanwhile, the total carbon content varied across sampling station, accounting for 2.30–23.59 tons/ha/year. This research provides essential baseline data for Sungai Nibung Village and highlights the potential of mangroves as significant carbon sinks. The results can be utilized for ecosystem-based coastal management and mangrove restoration aligned with regional environmental policies.

Patients are central to healthcare services, and comprehending their perceptions is crucial for fostering effective value co-creation. This study aimed to investigate the user characteristics and perceptions of value co-creation within the context of Mobile Electronic Health Records (EHR). Using a questionnaire collected from 422 patients, the study employed the K-modes clustering algorithm in R-Studio to group users based on shared characteristics and perceptions of value co-creation. The analysis revealed three distinct user clusters, which are high familiarity-positive perception, low familiarity-positive perception and high familiarity-neutral to negative perception. These clusters characterized by unique attributes such as socio-economic, history of medical visit, intention to use, technological familiarity, and different perception of value co-creation in Mobile EHR systems. Descriptive statistics were used to further interpret the clusters, revealing differences in user characteristics and perception across cluster. The findings emphasize the importance of alignment between user expectations and system interactions. Effective alignment fosters value co-creation through resource access, sharing, integration, and recombination, while misalignment may result in value destruction. This study highlights the need to design and implement Mobile EHR systems that align with the diverse characteristics and of their users to enhance engagement and promote value co-creation.

Wide developments in technology provide major changes and opportunities for digital mathematics textbooks. In this context, the swift incorporation of digital textbooks into educational frameworks explores the potential and limitations of enriching mathematical understanding and instructional methodologies. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the perspectives of secondary school teachers in China on the strengths and weaknesses of digital mathematics textbooks for learning. An exploratory analysis by semi-structured interviews was implemented with the participation of five secondary school teachers who attended training and used digital mathematics textbooks. Thematic analysis was conducted, and coding was used as the basic analytic strategy. The results showed that digital mathematics textbooks were supportive instructional media capable of supporting different teaching and learning activities as well as visualizing concepts. These media were considered simple and practical as well as valuable to strengthen teaching skills with technology. However, textbooks possessed minimum pedagogical features, practices, and interfaces. The results also reported the need to incorporate more pedagogical tools and interactive elements within textbooks to enhance educational value. Furthermore, these insights called for ongoing professional development to effectively integrate and use digital textbooks in pedagogy.

Mangroves provide essential ecosystem services such as capturing carbon, habitat provision, and shoreline protection, making them essential for coastal sustainability.Understanding their structure and composition is essential for fostering conservation efforts and ensuring long-term resilience. This study investigates the mangrove vegetation on Kelasa Island, revealing key ecological trends relevant for future management. Using transect line and plot sampling across nine 0.09 ha plots, 117 mangrove individuals were identified, predominantly Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata. Density varied by growth stage, with mature trees averaging 87 individuals/ha, saplings 17 individuals/ha, and seedlings 13 individuals/ha. Despite lower species diversity compared to nearby islands in the Bangka Belitung Province, Kelasa Island exhibits higher seedling density. The mangrove community is largely dominated by R. apiculata, indicating a trend towards monospecific dominance with robust regeneration. The forest spans approximately 2.57 ha on the island’s eastern coastline, characterized by sandy coral fronts and muddy-rocky substrates. Though relatively young and sparsely distributed, the mangrove stands show ecological stability, demonstrated by high dominance indices and uniformity across growth stages. These findings underscore the critical role of R. apiculata in maintaining ecological balance within the Kelasa Island mangrove ecosystem under moderate environmental pressures. The study highlights the importance of conserving these mangrove communities for their resilience, coastal protection, and biodiversity contributions.

Rapid progress poses significant dangers to environmental contamination and harm, leading to disruptions in the conservation of the local ecosystem. Damage to the environment and pollution represent a collective responsibility shouldered by society, with the government accountable for all expenses related to restoring the impacted environment. The issues concerning those responsible for environmental harm can be addressed through judicial means or alternative dispute resolution methods. The questions to consider are: First, how is the resolution of environmental conflicts handled outside of court when viewed from a civil law perspective? Second, what challenges exist in resolving disputes outside of the judiciary in Indonesia? The approach taken for this research is normative in nature. The findings indicate that settling disputes outside of court aims to achieve a compensation agreement that mitigates further negative impacts on the environment. Common challenges encountered in out-of-court dispute resolution include differing viewpoints between the party that has suffered harm and the party responsible, as well as the complexities associated with enforcing administrative law that can lead to the withdrawal of business permits, prompting the need to address cases of environmental damage through legal channels.

High investment interest in white leg shrimp ( Litopaneus vannamei ) in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province has been observed in the increasing number of shrimp ponds in the last few years. The management of the rapid growth of shrimp ponds must be environmentally sound to maintain the sustainability of shrimp farming and ensure economic benefits without neglecting ecosystem sustainability. The study was conducted from March to November 2022 in Bangka Coastal, Indonesia. This study aims to assess the carrying capacity of the waters and the sustainability of shrimp farming on the Bangka coast through a mass balance model. The physical aspects of water quality were measured in situ and analyzed in the laboratory using various parameters, including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results revealed that the quality of the shrimp and all the water parameters were within the threshold value, except for ammonia, which was above the threshold. The mangrove coverage density of the shrimp pond area varies: it is considered low to moderate in the Parittiga coastal region of West Bangka, while in the Tukak Sadai coastal area of South Bangka, it ranges from moderate to high. The average shrimp production on the Parittiga coast reaches 40–69 metric tons year ⁻¹ , whereas that on the Tukak Sadai coast reaches 50–180 metric tons year ⁻¹ . Based on mass balance calculation, the potential areas available for developing shrimp farming on the Parittiga coast are estimated 86,60–175,39 hectares and 27,65–45,05 hectares on the Tukak Sadai coast. Consequently, it is necessary to monitor and regulate waste disposal and the installation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) at each shrimp pond, as well as to enhance the capacity of these WWTPs to reduce waste by 80%.

Information and communication technology (ICT) play a pivotal role in driving economic growth and development in current digital era. By analyzing data spanning from 1994 to 2022, this study investigates the relationship between digitalization indicators, including internet users, mobile cellular subscriptions, foreign direct investment (FDI), and population growth on economic growth in Indonesia. The findings reveal nuanced dynamics, with a contrasting effect observed in the long and short run for each variable. In the long run, internet users, FDI, and population growth demonstrate positive impacts on economic growth, reflecting their role in fostering productivity, innovation, market expansion, and resource allocation. Conversely, mobile cellular subscriptions exhibit negative effects on economic growth. In the short run, all variables exhibit negative effect on economic growth, where temporary fluctuations in economic performance are observed in response to changes in digitalization indicators, emphasizing the importance of considering both short-term disruptions and long-term trends in economic analysis. The study highlights the complex interplay between digitalization and economic growth, offering insights for policymakers, businesses, and researchers seeking to navigate the digital economy landscape in Indonesia.

Islamic ethics offers valuable guidance for addressing pressing environmental issues. Ethical responsibility in Islamic teachings, especially for protecting and preserving the environment, is one of the core principles of Islam. The Qur’an emphasizes that humans are servants of the earth with a duty to safeguard the environment. Hadith and Sunnah provide ethical insights that encourage conservation and compassion. This article employs a systematic literature review methodology, examining Islamic ethical principles related to environmental care and synthesizing the findings from various sources. It reveals a deep interconnectedness among all living things. Exploring concepts such as Tawhid (oneness of God) and Ihsan (excellence in conduct) in environmental management provides a broad perspective on the ethical obligations of Muslims towards the environment. These principles remain important amid contemporary environmental challenges, offering valuable guidance for addressing pressing environmental issues.

Brown and beige adipocytes can be activated by β-adrenergic agonist via cAMP-dependent signaling. Performing RNA-sequencing analysis in human cervical area-derived adipocytes, we found that dibutyryl-cAMP, which can mimic in vivo stimulation of browning and thermogenesis, enhanced the expression of browning and batokine genes and upregulated several signaling pathway genes linked to thermogenesis. We observed that the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding and cell differentiation (ID) 1 and particularly ID3 was strongly induced by the adrenergic stimulation. The degradation of ID1 and ID3 elicited by the ID antagonist AGX51 during thermogenic activation prevented the induction of proton leak respiration that reflects thermogenesis and abrogated cAMP analogue-stimulated upregulation of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial complex I, II, and IV subunits, independently of the proximal cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. The presented data suggests that ID proteins contribute to efficient thermogenic response of adipocytes during adrenergic stimulation.