University West

Background Screen use, including gaming and social media, has increased over the past decade, potentially having adverse effects on child development and mental health. To prevent the potential problems arising from excessive screen use (ESU) and problem gaming (PG) scholars have developed a Family centered program for PG and ESU (FAME) involving both children and at least one parent in the program. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of children’s and parents’ participation in the pilot-FAME program. Method Out of ten families who participated in the pilot-FAME, eight children (age 12–15; two girls), along with ten parents, out of which three fathers, participated in individual semi-structured interviews involving questions about a) families’ perceptions of the program and b) suggestions for improvement of the program. The data were analyzed with Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Results Four distinct themes were constructed: Theme 1, “Positivity regarding program”, Theme 2, “Criticism regarding the program”, Theme 3, “Program delivery”, and Theme 4, “Content development”. Specifically, while the program was well-received for its group format and the peer support it facilitated, making adaptions such as incorporating more discussion and learning opportunities, along with extending the duration, would have potential to improve its delivery and feasibility. Conclusion The pilot-FAME program shows promise in addressing the challenges associated with PG and ESU among children and their parents. With further refinements, the program could become an effective tool for supporting healthy family dynamics and screen use.

Background Substance use disorder (SUD) is a growing public health concern in Sweden. Various treatments for SUD exist, with motivational treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and relapse prevention being the nationally recommended approaches. Attachment theory and the salutogenic theory with its core concept, sense of coherence (SOC) provides valuable insights into individuals’ available personal resources and their potential for adherence to treatment. The aims of the present study were to examine attachment styles (secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-anxious) and SOC (overall and dimensional - comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness- scores) in individuals with SUD; to explore potential correlations between these constructs ; and to assess their predictive value for treatment completion. Methods Clinical data were collected between 2014 and 2023 from 164 clients at a Swedish outpatient clinic for addiction who initiated the intensive, integrated treatment program. The sample comprised 109 men and 55 women, aged 18 to 72 years (M = 40.71). Data were gathered using validated self-report instruments (the Attachment Style Questionnaire and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and logistic regression. Results Individuals with SUD predominantly exhibited an insecure-avoidant attachment style. The four dimensions reflecting insecure attachment (discomfort with relationships, relationships as secondary, need for approval, and preoccupation with relationships) were negatively correlated with overall SOC and its three components. In contrast the secure attachment dimension (confidence in self and others) showed positive association with SOC. The strongest associations were found between the manageability component of SOC and all attachment dimensions. The insecure-anxious attachment style showed the strongest association with early dropout from treatment, while higher manageability was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of treatment completion. Conclusion The predominance of an insecure-avoidant attachment style among clients undergoing intensive, integrated treatment for SUD underscores the importance of reinforcing a secure attachment and strengthening SOC to facilitate treatment completion. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive, integrated social and psychiatric care for individuals with SUD.

Recently developed FeCrAl alloys could be an economical alternative to nickel-based alloys in overlay welds for the power generation industry. However, more investigation on their microstructure and properties is needed at temperatures for boiler applications. This work compared the performance of three FeCrAl alloys (EF100, EF101, and APMT) as overlay welds, in as-deposited condition and after being exposed for 6 months in a CFB boiler’s evaporator tube bank. Bending, high temperature tensile test, restraint-cooling test, hardness, fractography, microscopy, microanalysis, and atom probe tomography (APT) were used. The results showed a ranking for ductility, being EF100>EF101>APMT. A high ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, below 100 degC, confirmed the low ductility and high cold cracking susceptibility. The microstructural analysis was in line with the previous grading. For APMT, APT showed that the exposure of the alloy at 400 degC for 11 days resulted in higher Cr concentration around carbides than in the matrix. This suggests that carbides could be initiation sites pushing toward the a-phase separation (Fe-rich vs Cr-rich), explaining the hardening and resulting in a drastic reduction in the ductility of APMT overlay welds.

The study investigates the academic resilience of Swedish students, focusing on how school-level factors contribute to achievement differences between resilient and non-resilient students. Using data from PISA cycles from 2000 to 2015, the study employs propensity score matching and hierarchical linear modeling to examine the impact of individual, teacher, and school-level factors on student achievement in science, mathematics, and reading. The findings highlight the importance of school resources, teacher-student relationships, and school climate in fostering resilience among students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The study also addresses limitations like reduced sample size and variability in data across PISA cycles, suggesting future research to enhance statistical power and cross-cycle comparisons.

Introduction Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) among adolescents is a health concern. Little is known about the patterns of methods adolescents use, in terms of how many and how often different methods are used. Methods We used three annual waves of data from 630 Swedish adolescents (T1: age 12–18 years; 56% girls), who reported NSSI use at least once. Latent profile analysis was used to examine profile differences, with supplementary analyses focused on differences and change predicted by gender, internalizing, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal stressors, and severity of NSSI. Results Three profiles consistently emerged over time: one very low in NSSI, another with higher frequencies of cutting/scraping skin, and one reporting multiple methods of NSSI, ranging from moderate (T1) to high (T3) frequency. Profile subgroups differed: low subgroups consisted of the fewest girls and reported the lowest levels of intra‐ and interpersonal issues. Additionally, subgroups differed in severity of NSSI, suggesting damage to the skin may not be the only reason medical attention is needed. Significant change in subgroup membership was also observed. Conclusions Although most adolescents engaged in NSSI at very low rates, many used multiple forms, differing in both frequency and versatility. Few differences were found between subgroups characterized by higher frequencies, suggesting that it might be possible to identify adolescents most in need of treatment by attending to the methods most frequently used. Results also suggested that measuring the severity of each method may yield more accurate information than a priori groupings.

Purpose Although the effects of yoga on psychiatric symptoms in psychiatric care are gaining increasing recognition, research within forensic psychiatric care, particularly on subjective experiences, remains limited. To address this gap, the present study aims to describe patients’ experience of trauma-adapted yoga (TAY) as a health-promoting activity in forensic psychiatric care. Methods Twelve individual semi-structured interviews with patients in forensic psychiatric care were conducted, and data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings The patients’ experience of TAY as a health-promoting activity was captured in an overarching theme, “To feel that one is connected to mind, body, and soul in a way that can promote a sense of well-being in an uncertain existence”. This overarching theme contained four themes: Strengthening the body, finding a calm place within oneself, something to do solely for oneself but together with others, and prerequisites for doing yoga. Conclusion The findings emphasize that TAY has the potential to be a valuable health-promoting activity for patients in forensic psychiatric care by facilitating their resources to manage stressors in everyday life. Therefore, it should be offered as a complement to other treatments to promote patients’ health and well-being in forensic psychiatric care.

The benefits of physical activity (PA) for well‐being are well known; however, studies examining longitudinal effects across diverse international samples in late adolescence are limited. This study advances prior work by combining a partial longitudinal design with a multinational sample to assess the predictive effect of PA on biennial change in older adolescents' well‐being, while testing for sex differences. The sample included 903 adolescents (50.4% female) from nine countries, who completed The European Health and Behavior Survey at age 16 and the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well‐Being at ages 16 and 18. Multilevel modeling estimated the average impact of PA on change in well‐being, controlling for baseline well‐being. To further interrogate the findings, an additional analysis tested the effect using relative difference scores of well‐being to provide a direct measure of simple change. Meta‐analytic techniques then captured the degree of cross‐country consistency in the estimated effect. Results indicated that more PA at age 16 significantly predicted greater EPOCH well‐being at age 18, controlling for prior well‐being at age 16, and that adolescent sex did not moderate this effect. The relative difference score analysis confirmed these results. The meta‐analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity in the predictive effect across countries. Findings extend previous research by demonstrating the cross‐cultural consistency of PA benefits during a critical developmental transition period. They suggest that PA is a modifiable behavior that can be utilized globally to enhance adolescent well‐being, though individual differences and context‐specific factors should be considered in public health policies and interventions.

Islands are neither homogenous nor uniform. They are plural and diverse microcosms of the wider societies and relational networks within which they are situated. Small islands may be comparatively less accessible in physical terms but tend to have a strong presence in the popular imagination, often because of their perceived remoteness and status as ‘places apart’. Neighbouring islands within an archipelago are often found to have distinct characters, reflecting locally-specific social, cultural and environmental dynamics. Islands are thus both ordinary and extraordinary places (see Robinson 2006). As a consequence of their distinctive island particularity, islands tend to face specific sets of governance challenges but can also become loci for innovation and transformative change. Many challenges faced by small islands related to accessibility, seasonality, infrastructure and service provision are shared by mainland rural communities but are placed in sharper focus and can have more significant and long-lasting implications within an island context. The location of islands at the boundary of the terrestrial and maritime further presents a challenge to sectorally organised governance systems. It is increasingly evident that local, place-specific solutions are required, which require a degree of flexibility within the scope of established institutional arrangements. We distinguish between two dimensions of place-based governance - place identity (fluid, contested and subject to reconfiguration) and strategic positioning, whereby governance actors try to position or frame their island within a wider geographical context as a response to governance challenges. We examine current approaches to addressing island particularity in national and regional policy, and opportunities for developing innovative place-based approaches. We draw on exploratory comparative case studies of small North Sea islands in Germany (Hallig islands, Schleswig-Holstein), the Netherlands (Schiermonnikoog) and Sweden (Koster islands), focussing specifically on the scope for place-based governance and strategic positioning within the specific contexts of each national system of public administration.

Purpose More adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are reaching adulthood and reproductive age. They face challenges transitioning from pediatric to adult health care and need to manage their health and developmental goals. The 2030 Agenda emphasizes a holistic approach to sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR), aiming to provide accessible information to adolescents. Health care providers (HCPs) must offer appropriate information about CHD and SRHR issues. This study aimed to describe HCPs experiences of informing adolescents with heart disease about SRH. Methods An explorative study with a descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. The qualitative content analysis method by Graneheim and Lundman was used to analyze the data. Results The interviews provided a wealth of data, revealing different opinions and experiences. The analysis resulted in four main categories: (1) organizational culture, (2) health care professionals’ perception of adolescents’ needs, (3) skills and ability are essential, and (4) parents’ influence on conversation. Conclusion Discussing SRH is universally accepted among HCPs, but prioritization varies. HCPs must customize information, considering the timing and setting of the conversation. Enhanced knowledge and skills in SRH are essential, including strategies to overcome barriers and respectfully involve parents. Crucially, adolescents’ rights to SRH information must always be upheld.

Purpose Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is an increasingly important social issue, with most research concentrated in a few countries, highlighting a need for more research on the subject. In this study, we therefore validate the Swedish version of the Abusive Behavior by Children-Indices (ABC-I), a self-report tool with subscales for verbal aggression, coercive behavior, and physical aggression. We also explore the prevalence of CPV among Swedish adolescents. Methods Using data from a self-report survey conducted among a stratified sample of adolescents in southern Sweden (N = 5310; 53.2% female; Mage = 16.17, SD = 1.6), we validated the three-component structure of the ABC-I using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). We also analyzed differences in the prevalence of various types of abuse and aggression by sons and daughters against mothers, fathers, or either parent using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results The Swedish version of the ABC-I shows predictive and concurrent validity in capturing CPV across genders and age groups, although caution is advised when interpreting the verbal aggression scale. The overall prevalence of any form of abusive behavior toward parents was 15% (5% for physical abuse, 4% for verbal abuse, 11% for coercive behavior). Violence against mothers was more common than against fathers, with daughters being more aggressive and abusive, particularly toward mothers. Conclusions We argue that the Swedish version of the ABC-I constitutes a valuable tool for assessing CPV. The relatively high prevalence of overall CPV underscores the need for further research in order to develop effective prevention strategies and interventions.

This study investigates the phase and elemental distribution in a suspension plasma-sprayed (SPS) Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) thin-film anode for solid-state lithium batteries, deposited on an SS-304 substrate. Advanced synchrotron-based µXRD and µXRF techniques were employed for micro-scale characterization, revealing distinct phase regions influenced by thermal exposure during the SPS process. The dominant Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 phase was retained across most of the film, with localized transformations to secondary phases Li 2 Ti 3 O 7 , Li 2 TiO 3, and TiO 2 near the substrate interface, primarily due to prolonged high-temperature exposure and subsequent lithium loss. These findings underscore the importance of controlling SPS parameters to minimize lithium loss and optimize phase stability and interfacial integrity in solid-state battery components.

Background Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and care has shown benefits for frail older adults across various care settings. However, its integration into routine care within a surgical context remains limited. An ongoing randomised controlled multicentre study will evaluate the effects of a period of preoperative optimisation (up to eight weeks), involving interprofessional CGA and care, in addition to routine care before colorectal cancer resection surgery. If this approach proves favourable, it could potentially be incorporated into routine surgical care. To facilitate implementation, it is crucial to explore and understand participants’ perceptions of taking part in a preoperative CGA and care intervention. Aim To describe how frail older adults with colorectal cancer experience participation in a preoperative CGA and care intervention. Methods This qualitative, descriptive study was part of a randomised controlled multi-centre study. In total, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with frail older adults undergoing a CGA and care intervention before colorectal cancer surgery. The data were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results Frail older adults with colorectal cancer experienced participation in preoperative CGA and care as an integral part of an intervention. They adopted an opportunity mindset when deciding to participate. Throughout the intervention, they observed the team working collaboratively and actively involving them in the optimisation process, enhancing their readiness for surgery by the end of the period. Conclusions The findings indicated that frail older adults with colorectal cancer viewed the preoperative CGA and care intervention as a meaningful opportunity for improvement and a chance to extend life. Their active involvement and the collaborative efforts of the care team during the intervention were crucial in enhancing their understanding, manageability, and readiness for surgery. They valued the opportunity to make active choices when appropriate and appreciated having the right to delegate decisions to healthcare professionals. From a frail older adult’s perspective, team-based approaches in preoperative care, such as CGA and care, offer benefits in terms of involvement and satisfaction. However, the thorough evaluation of postoperative outcomes remains necessary. Trial registration OSF registry: https://osf.io/ch49n, registered on Sep 04, 2023.

"Phubbing” (phone snubbing) has been consistently associated with negative intra‐ and interpersonal outcomes across various social contexts. However, the potential impact of phubbing on horizontal workplace relationships has not been extensively explored. The present study aimed to examine associations between coworker phubbing during breaks and social support and community, horizontal trust, and organizational commitment among electricians in Sweden. An auxiliary aim was to adapt and validate a coworker phubbing scale. In Studies 1a and 1b, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess and validate the coworker phubbing scale in two samples. In Study 2, structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between phubbing and included psychosocial work environment measures. Exposure to phubbing from coworkers was associated with lower perceived support and community, trust, and commitment. The associations were stronger for more severe phubbing behaviors. Engaging in phubbing others was not considerably linked to the psychosocial measures. Younger participants reported engaging in more phubbing and lower perceived exposure to more severe phubbing. Smartphone habits at work may have implications for the psychosocial work environment and, by extension, important outcomes such as well‐being, job satisfaction, performance, and turnover.

Background Newly graduated healthcare and social work professionals can experience stress and a perceived lack of competence when transitioning from academia to clinical practice, which can lead to health problems or leaving the profession. Globally, creating healthy workplaces remains a challenge. The aim of this study, which had a salutogenic approach, was to explore health-promoting resources and workplace experiences among newly graduated healthcare and social work professionals. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study included Swedish healthcare and social work professionals in their second year after graduation, recruited from six universities. Data were collected in March 2023 via a self-reported, web-based survey using validated instruments: the salutogenically oriented 13-item Sense of Coherence (SOC) Scale, the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale (SHIS), and the 32-item Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS), along with questions on health, well-being, lifestyle and social factors at work, including three from the General Nordic Questionnaire (QPSNordic). Data were analyzed in SPSS 28 with nonparametric tests and Spearman correlations. Results A total of 115 newly graduated healthcare and social work professionals completed the questionnaire. The results indicated that those who expressed they were sure to stay in the profession reported a higher total WEMS score (p < 0.001), as well as higher scores in five out of six dimensions: supportive working conditions (p < 0.001), internal work experience (p < 0.001), autonomy (p < 0.001), time experience (p = 0.006), and management (p = 0.029). Participants who rated their well-being as good scored higher in supportive working conditions (p = 0.025) and the change process (p = 0.008). Those living with children reported higher internal work experience scores (p = 0.019). The results revealed positive and medium-strong to strong correlations between WEMS, SHIS, and SOC total scores. Specifically, there were medium-strong correlations between SHIS and SOC and two dimensions of WEMS: supportive working conditions and time experience, and between SHIS and the change process dimension. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of salutogenic resources in supporting newly graduated professionals. Factors such as supportive working conditions, autonomy, and internal work experience were linked to well-being and intention to stay in the profession. Understanding these factors can inform workplace interventions to promote retention and health in early career stages.

An interprofessional team was commissioned to give their response to a law proposal in compulsory psychiatric care. In this work a controversy arose due to the opposing opinions within the team about the use of a restraining method. This study aimed to investigate how the team handled the controversy and how the strategies used had implications for interprofessional learning (IPL), which is the learning that arises from interactions between different professions. In this case study, interviews were conducted and a narrative analysis was used. The controversy was primarily managed through compromise. The findings reveal how IPL was negatively affected when the members projected expert dominance. The team used three problem-solving tactics: defining and arguing the problem as belonging to the own area of expertise, mobilization of external experts to bring new arguments for the own rational fact, and, a negotiated closure or a compromise. Consequently, the findings also showed that even if power dominance was exerted, social affective learning was possible. Constructive management of these controversies is crucial to improve the quality of mental health care. Controversial dilemmas often arise in complex mental health care; therefore, strengthening the capacity to respect and maximize diversity of expertise for patient-centered problem solving is recommended.

The applicability of additive manufacturing (AM) of duplex stainless steels has been limited by the complex thermal history causing an imbalance of ferrite and austenite in the as-deposited material. Laser-beam directed energy deposition with wire (DED-LB/w) presents a promising solution when combined with solution annealing. This study utilizes a specially developed 3Dprint AM 2205 and a conventional ER2209 wire to continuously build cylindrical components. Metallographic examination was conducted using light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dis-persive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). While high deposition rates were achievable, excessively high wire feeding rates led to continuous areas of fine grains in the deposited beads. These regions, identified as partially molten wire, were sometimes associated with lack-of-fusion, porosity, and solidification cracking. Optimized parameter settings enabled efficient melting of the wire, producing defect-free deposits, and eliminating partially molten wire residues. Solution annealing effectively dissolved intermetallics and homogenized the microstructure, resulting in a more uniform phase distribution.

Immersive virtual reality (IVR) provides an emerging research discourse for the information systems (IS) field, with respect to ''embodiment.'' Embodiment has been a subject for IS studies. Contemporary research on IVR embodiment, however, is scarce, especially from the perspective of the immersive experience. Hence, this paper explores how Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological view on embodiment and ontology of the Flesh can be employed to conceptualize IVR embodiment for the IS field. As a result, this paper contributes with the concept of ''Immersed Flesh,'' a phenomenological conceptualization of IVR embodiment that is proposed to advance the IS discourse on IVR research, embodiment, and phenomenology. The Immersed Flesh is defined as the tissue or matrix that gives rise to a potency of merging worlds (e.g., physical, virtual) bearing actuality, in a dynamic and relational process of embodying activities among a plurality of singularities that constitutes the very fabric of reality. As a concept, the Immersed Flesh focuses on the very feeling of immersive embodiment and highlights it through three illustrative examples: (1) embodying the ''living body'' of an immersed body-subject, (2) embodying intersubjective perspective-taking of the other's body-schema, and (3) embodying the objective body and immersed interworld of passing entities.

This study reveals a significant shift in how users perceive and engage with social media over time. Our analysis is based on qualitative longitudinal research carried out over ten years, involving a small group of participants in 2012, 2017, and 2022. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted using stimulated recall allowing for retrospection and reflection. Through this methodology, we trace the shifting perceptions of social media users, from initially embracing these platforms for quick, fun, and social activities, to later recognizing their potential intrusiveness and seeking strategies to manage their use. We outline three central trajectories that illustrate shifts in social media use across time: from public performance to private interaction, from producing to consuming and from fun to problematic. For HCI and social media studies, these findings underscore the need to prioritize user agency, ethical design practices, and longitudinal research endeavors to understand the evolving impacts of social media.

Primal world beliefs (“primals”) capture understanding of general characteristics of the world, such as whether the world is Good and Enticing. Children (N=1215, 50% girls), mothers, and fathers from Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States reported neighborhood danger, socioeconomic status, parental warmth, harsh parenting, psychological control, and autonomy granting from ages 8 to 16 years. At age 22 years, original child participants reported their primal world beliefs. Parental warmth during childhood and adolescence significantly predicted Good, Safe, and Enticing world beliefs, but other experiences were only weakly related to primals. We did not find that primals are strongly related to intuitive aspects of the materiality of childhood experiences, which suggests future directions for understanding the origins of primals.