Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3

This paper discusses the evolving discursive construction of Europe in the annual conference speeches of British Conservative leaders, from David Cameron’s transformative tenure, after a long spell in the wilderness and years of in-fighting – particularly over Europe – to the more recent keynote address by Rishi Sunak, on the eve of a crucial general election in which the question of migrants coming from Europe was given prominence. It is argued that the discursive image created by Tory leaders’ so-called ‘strategic narratives’ about Europe can shed light on the way they envisage the place, role and identity of the United Kingdom in today’s world. After exploring the way strategic narratives can inform our understanding of international relations and political communication, the article goes on to analyse critically how such narratives have partially shaped the way recent Prime Ministers have framed their connection – or lack thereof – with their closest neighbours.

The rejection of Mou Tun-fei’s End of Track (late 1960s), an ‘invisible’ film, never distributed, proves to what extent the themes it tackled (homosexuality, class difference, nihilism) were taboo for an entire generation. Banana Paradise (1980s) deals with the way two brothers in arms survive by usurping the identity of deceased comrades and eventually living in a society in exile tainted by the memory of the continent. Finally, Gf/Bf (2000s) develops themes that were once censored (homosexuality, democratization) and which resurface through the lens of a love triangle. Despite their heterogeneity, these films allow us to draw a history of this fraternal relationship in ambiguous and dissonant contexts. Through three films from different periods, I trace the evolution over time of the representation of friendship between men, an evolution that reveals a ‘paradigm shift’ within Taiwanese society itself.

Do people mete out harsher punishments for identical unethical behaviors committed by foreign compared to domestic firms? Liability of foreignness (LOF) reasoning suggests that this is the case. Using a quasi‐experimental survey in France, we go a step further by investigating the influence of cultural similarity on ethical judgment. We examine whether people mete out less harsh judgment on a foreign company from a culturally similar country compared to a foreign company from a culturally dissimilar country. Our findings show that cultural similarity does not have a significant impact. Moreover, in the French context, the findings show that punishment for unethical behavior meted out to domestic and foreign firms relates more to cultural characteristics and does not apply in the same way for all dimensions of corporate social responsibility. Thus, we discuss various strategies and managerial implications.

Kim Dong-ri and Seo Jeong-ju were prodigious personalities of Korean literature in the 20 th century. The friendship of these prominent writers began in the 1930s and lasted their entire lives. Together they contributed to the reconstruction of the literary world in Korea after the end of the Japanese Occupation. This paper examines their biographies, auto-biographies, and different testimonies in an attempt to understand and appreciate not only the development and depth of their friendship, but also their legacy to Korean literature that was based on the literary and humanistic values they shared.

Résumé Cet article aborde les intelligences artificielles génératives visuelles telles que Midjourney et DALL·E afin d’analyser leur fonctionnement sémiotique. Le point de départ est la définition de la discipline sémiotique proposée par Pierluigi Basso Fossali, décrivant celle-ci comme la science qui étudie la gestion sociale du sens, et qui s’articule en quatre sphères fondamentales : la perception, l’énonciation, la communication et la transmission. À partir de ce cadre théorique, l’objectif est de proposer et de décrire deux nouvelles configurations qui caractérisent le fonctionnent sémiotique des IA génératives visuelles : à travers une perception d’archives et grâce à des circuits de composition. Le concept de perception d’archives a pour objectif de décrire la manière particulière dont les IA voient, entendent et apprennent, celle-ci étant réalisée sur de grandes quantités de données et à travers une généalogie d’opérations reconfigurables sur les archives. Les circuits de composition, quant à eux, concernent le couplage entre la logique de la composition visuelle et de la prédication verbale : il s’agit du processus d’énonciation par débruitage visuel réalisé par les IA, guidé par les requêtes en langage naturel fournies par des opérateurs humains. À partir de trois critères élaborés en sémiotique – les catégories plastiques, l’énonciation visuelle, ainsi que la traduction intersémiotique entre textes verbaux et images – une série de tests seront proposés afin d’examiner les circuits de composition des modèles génératifs de Midjourney et de DALL·E. Les IA seront enfin définies en tant que machines co-énonçantes : des entités dépourvues d’intentionnalité et d’initiative, qui produisent pourtant des énoncés en collaboration avec un opérateur humain et sur la base d’archives de données hautement structurées et reconfigurables.

Climate change is to a large extent a collective action problem, but many believe that individual action is also required. But what if no individual contribution to climate change is necessary nor sufficient to cause climate change-induced harms? This issue is known as the problem of inconsequentialism . It is particularly problematic for act consequentialism because the theory does not seem to judge such inconsequential contributions negatively. In this paper, we apply Henry Sidgwick's idea of esoteric morality to climate change and assess whether what we call a climate esoteric morality could help to deal with the problem of inconsequentialism from an act consequentialist perspective. Consequentialists ought then to promote what we call nonconsequentialist faux principles ; exaggerate existing consequentialist principles that pro tanto forbid contributing to climate change whenever strictly consequentialist principles fail to do so; and refrain from criticising nonconsequentialist principles that forbid contributing to climate change.

This paper introduces a unique regional panel data set reflecting steam power use in the French départements from 1841 to 1911 and investigates, on this basis, the time and spatial patterns of steam technology diffusion in nineteenth-century France. While in the existing literature most quantitative assessments of steam power use in French industries rely on statistical information coming from the industrial censuses conducted in 1839–1847, 1860–1865 and 1896 [see Chanut et al. (2000)], our data provide an exhaustive overview of the spread of steam power in France based on the French mining engineers’s reports that followed the early introduction in France of regulations on the use of steam engines. By controlling for a number of geographical, demographical and structural factors and initial conditions, we provide statistical evidence that intensity in the use of steam engine within close proximity was a strong and robust predictor of steam engine adoption among French industries. Our results therefore confirm that economic development in the prime time of industrialization benefited from spill-overs in neighboring regions, while this is not found over longer distances.

Background and purpose Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common cause of spinal cord (SC) dysfunction. In routine clinical practice, SC changes are well depicted using conventional MRI, especially T2-weighted imaging. However, this modality usually fails to provide satisfactory clinico-radiological correlations. In this context we assessed the potential value of quantitative changes measured with a T1 MP2RAGE sequence. Materials and methods 18 patients diagnosed with chronic onset of DCM and 17 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. Clinical presentation was assessed using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale. Sagittal cervical SC T2-w 3D SPACE imaging and T1 MP2RAGE mapping were performed at baseline and 3-months postoperatively. Data were processed using Matlab and the SC Toolbox. Results mJOA score increased from 13.3 ± 2.1 preoperatively to 14.4 ± 1.9 at follow-up (p = 0.027). Site of maximum compression (Cmax) was at C3–C4 cervical levels in 4 patients, C4-C5 in 8 patients, C5-C6 in 5 patients and C6-C7 in 1 patient. SC compression was multi-level in 7 patients and single-level in 11 patients. T2-w hyperintensity was present in 15 patients. Mean SC T1 values in the whole SC in the DCM group at baseline showed significant difference as compared to mean SC T1 values in HC group (962.2 ± 62 vs. 924.9 ± 34 ms, respectively (p < 0.0001)) but no differences could be observed between baseline and 3-month follow-up (962.4 ± 59 ms (p = 0.86)). Z-scores at baseline were − 0.05 ± 1 for mild, 1.2 ± 1.9 for moderate and 2.5 ± 1.2 for severe. Mean baseline and 3-month follow-up SC T1 values were weakly but significantly correlated to preoperative (R² = 0.33 (p = 0.013) and postoperative mJOA (R² = 0.29 (p = 0.024). Baseline T1 value at C2 level was significantly correlated with mJOA at 3-month follow-up (p = 0.048). Conclusions T1-MP2RAGE mapping in patients with DCM demonstrated both focal and diffuse cervical SC alteration. It could thus be a biomarker for patients with DCM managed surgically.

In this study, we present a new pipeline designed for the analysis and comparison of non-conventional animal brain models, such as sheep, without relying on neuroanatomical priors. This innovative approach combines an automatic MRI segmentation with graph neural networks (GNNs) to overcome the limitations of traditional methods. Conventional tools often depend on predefined anatomical atlases and are typically limited in their ability to adapt to the unique characteristics of developing brains or non-conventional animal models. By generating regions of interest directly from MR images and constructing a graph representation of the brain, our method eliminates biases associated with predefined templates. Our results show that the GNN-based pipeline is more efficient in terms of accuracy for an age prediction task (63.22%) compared to a classical CNN architecture (59.77%). GNNs offer notable advantages, including improved interpretability and the ability to model complex relational str uctures within brain data. Overall, our approach provides a promising solution for unbiased, adaptable, and interpretable analysis of brain MRIs, particularly for developing brains and non-conventional animal models.

The contribution proposes to disconnect the reciprocity of the law of treaties, to bring it closer to the other main source of international law: customary international law. Such an approach may seem counter-intuitive, so much so that it seems to be understood: reciprocity would be mainly, if not exclusively, a matter for the world of international treaties. As for international custom, it would have a much more legislative character insofar as it is binding on all states. However, to take a closer look, reciprocity is by no means foreign to custom. It is just as likely to influence its formation—the ‘customary process’—as its application. From the point of view first of all of the formation of custom, one can certainly detect traces of reciprocity in the restraint, or more generally the motives, that govern states when they begin to reproduce the same behaviour. It would all be a matter of ‘calculation’, of anticipation, of legitimate expectations of treatment identical to that reserved for others. The same logic is equally valid at the stage of applying customary rules. The case of reprisals or ‘countermeasures’ is a topical example. The discipline introduced by reciprocity in inter-state relations remains, however, fundamentally precarious, since it is based solely on the mutual conditionality of rights and duties. The need to go through this type of incentive logic reveals above all, in the background, the ‘primitivity’ of international law, understood in the sense of its weak institutionalisation. The research also returns to the comparison of the different reciprocities at work in treaty law and outside it, to the autonomy of the principle of reciprocity and the differences between it and the principle of equality, in particular, and finally to the relationship it has with the principle of good faith. This will allow to respond to the fundamental question present in this volume whether reciprocity is a legal principle and may be regarded as a metalegal principle.

Background Vocabulary learning is an essential dimension of foreign language learning. The learners have a huge responsibility in this task. Among other factors, time constraints and an overall lack of maintained motivation on the part of students makes it especially challenging. Consequently, improving vocabulary learning requires strategies to motivate learners and encourage autonomous learning. Technology‐Assisted Vocabulary Learning (tavl) aims to provide solutions to this set of problems. Objectives We aim to provide an overview of the different types of TAVL tools developed and studied since 2015 with regard to (1) tool features, (2) observed variables and research methods used in the studies and (3) impact on learners' vocabulary acquisition, motivation and engagement. Method We conducted a systematic review of the literature between 2015 and 2023 on TAVL. After delineating our field of study and research query, we followed a rigorous methodology to extract relevant papers to answer our research questions. A total of 44 papers of different languages and academic levels were selected for this review. Results and Conclusions We report a wide variety of features provided by TAVL tools in various contexts. We observe an overall positive influence of TAVL tools on learners' vocabulary learning, motivation, flow and engagement. We also discuss potential biases in the studies, which do not allow generalisation of the results. We conclude with recommendations for developers and researchers, including the use of more standardised experimental protocols with comparable measures, the integration of collaborative and social features, and a more central role for teachers and academic learning contexts.

The need for odor measurement and pollution source identification in various sectors (aeronautic, automobile, healthcare…) has increased in the last decade. Multisensor modules, such as electronic noses, seem to be a promising and inexpensive alternative to traditional sensors that were only sensitive to one gas at a time. However, the selectivity, the non-repetitiveness of their manufacture, and their drift remain major obstacles to the use of electronic noses. In this first work, we show how the mathematical modeling of the sensor response can be used to find new selectivity characteristics, different from those classically used in the literature. We identified new specific characteristics that have no physical meaning that can be used to find criteria for the presence of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxyde alone or in a mixture. We discuss the limitations of the methodology presented and suggest avenues for improvement, with more precise modeling techniques involving symbolic regression.

Existing studies present interactionist practices as a way to handle existing tensions at a given hierarchical level. However, our understanding of how tensions are (1) generated through interactionist practices (2) in a larger organizational space remains limited. This chapter aims, therefore, to shed light on how managers’ interactionist practices generate tensions during the managerial innovation adoption process. Through a single case study, we show that, as a company progressively adopts a managerial innovation, managers engage, with upper, lower, and similar hierarchical levels, interactionist practices of different types: organizational, discursive, and power. These interactionist practices generate different tensions (identity, performing and organizing tensions) at different hierarchical levels (Top-Managers, Middle-Managers, and employees). Our findings depict how managerial interactionist practices (1) generate intertwined tensions “within” actors, “between” actors but also “across” actors; (2) combine through time and space to give rise to tensions.

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) are emerging as transformative tools with applications in neuroscience, medicine, and virtual reality. Recent breakthroughs, such as Neuralink’s brain implant technology, have showcased the potential to cure neurological diseases and spinal cord injuries. However, as BMIs become more invasive, questions arise about societal acceptance, regulatory challenges, and ethical considerations. This study explores the factors influencing potential users’ attitudes and perceptions toward BMIs. We find that performance and effort expectancy, as well as trust and well-being, positively influence behavioral intention to use BMIs. Conversely, the level of invasiveness of BMI technology negatively impacts behavioral intention due to raised privacy concerns and technology fear. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and technology developers seeking to navigate the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of BMIs.

This study presents the process of design and development of a low-cost turbidimeter for monitoring water quality, facilitating rigorous spatial–temporal variability analysis within large-scale hydrological systems. We propose a low-cost optical turbidimeter, modifying the existent SEN0189 turbidity sensor, Arduino boards, and additional sensors for temperature compensation. We compared a low-cost system with high-tech sensors, modifying the original low-cost SEN0189 probe for enhanced environmental performance. The three-step methodological framework involved prototype development, compensation for environmental factors, and preparation for future field deployment. Calibration equations with a high coefficient of determination and a temperature correction equation were established. We made adaptations to overcome field deployment challenges, including a 3-D printed sensor case, defining the relationship between measurement uncertainty and energy consumption, and specifying field installation guidelines. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive approach to a low-cost optical turbidity system, demonstrating its potential for accurate and affordable field deployment. We aim to address the critical need for sustainable inland water management tools, making this system a valuable contribution to environmental monitoring practices. We also aim to inspire similar development of open-source monitoring systems within our community.