Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier

Insomnia and hypersomnolence symptoms are prevalent among university students, yet their assessment methods face limitations, and the relationship between these symptoms remains underexplored. We examined the structural invariance of the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI) and the Idiopathic Hypersomnia Severity Scale (IHSS) in university students. In addition, we proposed a network approach to the insomnia and hypersomnolence symptoms. A total of 433 university students underwent a clinical interview for sleep and socio‐demographics and completed the SCI and the IHSS. Confirmatory factorial and network analyses were conducted. The SCI demonstrated a two‐factor structure, while the IHSS exhibited a three‐factor structure. Over 70% of students scored above the IHSS clinical threshold, while 36.5% were diagnosed with insomnia. For the SCI, a threshold of ≤ 13 demonstrated the highest predictive value for diagnosing insomnia. Network analyses highlighted the central role of cognitive consequences of insomnia and hypersomnolence. Cognitive and emotional consequences of insomnia and hypersomnolence were moderately interconnected. Higher cognitive complaints related to insomnia were associated with increased feelings of insufficient sleep and more pronounced sleep inertia. Additionally, greater wakefulness after sleep onset was linked to both a shorter ideal night‐time sleep duration and increased difficulty staying awake during low‐stimulation activities throughout the day. The SCI and IHSS showed structural invariance in university students when compared to the general population. Insomnia and hypersomnolence represent critical clinical issues among French students. We underscored the intricate relationship between insomnia and hypersomnolence, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions that address both daytime and nighttime sleep–wake disturbances.

The abandonment of collective tombs in Middle Bronze Age Crete testifies to substantial transformations in funerary, ritual and social practices on the island. Yet, the processes and timing of this abandonment were not uniform, and each cemetery can potentially offer new insights. While some collective tombs fell gradually into disuse, others were deliberately and ritually terminated. Here, the authors explore the cemetery at Sissi, where gradual abandonment in some areas contrasts with the ultimate demolition and burial of tombs in Zone 9 during a ceremony that marked a major shift in the social history of the associated community.

Subjective well-being influences longevity and health maintenance. No specific scale exists in French to measure the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of subjective well-being simultaneously. The BBC Subjective Well-Being Scale (BBC-SWB) is a reliable and valid measure of subjective well-being in the general population. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBC-SWB into a French version and to evaluate its psychometric properties, validity, and reliability in the general adult population in France. After providing their informed consent, a sample of 1419 participants, were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and respond to a battery of online self-report measures probing subjective well-being, subjective happiness, mental health, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. The process of intercultural adaptation showed a semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence between the original version and the French version. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to extract and confirm a three-factor structural model in the sample. A 24-item version showed acceptable psychometric properties and measured the three dimensions of well-being. Spearman correlations were performed demonstrating significant concurrent validity. Internal consistency and intraclass and inter-rater correlation coefficients showed excellent reliability. This scale renamed “EBES” for Évaluation du Bien-Être Subjectif, represents a valid, reliable, and recommended instrument for research and clinical intervention purposes.

Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe a study protocol of a clinical trial exploring the effectiveness of the new mobile application MyDéfi proposing personalized feedback, on both alcohol consumption and quality of life, as well as the blood alcohol exposure biomarker phosphatidylethanol, in university students displaying binge drinking behavior. Methods This prospective national multicentric randomized, two‐arm (1:1), double‐blind controlled trial will recruit 628 students (aged 18–25 years) with binge drinking behavior. Participants will be randomized in the “intervention” group (personalized feedback) or the “control” group (generic feedback) and will undergo four monthly visits. Monthly dried blood spot sample for measuring phosphatidylethanol concentration and online questionnaires will be collected. Our primary objective is to assess the reduction weekly standard drinks, through self‐report gathered via MyDéfi. Secondary objectives will evaluate the application's impact on the dosage of phosphatidylethanol blood concentration and on quality of life”. Results Recruitment started in March 2024 and will end in March 2026. Conclusion This study aims to determine the effectiveness of two versions of the same mobile application (generic vs. personalized feedback) on alcohol consumption in students displaying binge drinking behavior. The effectiveness of the application will be measured, with a secondary objective of quantifying phosphatidylethanol. Our study will open new perspectives on the use of digital interventions for students who do not actively seek treatment. Trial Registration Trial registration number (NCT06084832), the date of registration (10th October 2023) and when this was done (16th October 2023). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06084832

Masks and puppets are a hallmark of productions by Footsbarn Travelling Theatre. Imagined and created by Fredericka Hayter, a founding member, they play an integral role in the design and dramatic action. This article considers the presence of puppets in productions of Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest . Drawing on photograph archives and conversations with Fredericka Hayter, it examines crossovers in Footsbarn's use of masks and puppets as well as interactions between puppets and live performers. It suggests that the puppets’ evanescent lives in performance are informed by the company's nomadic history and guided by pragmatic and aesthetic considerations in the service of text and audience.

Thematic maps, like choropleth maps, symbol maps or cartograms, are commonly used to visualize spatial quantitative data. Many studies have been conducted to compare the different approaches and thus define the best strategies to produce suitable and efficient maps. When analyzing spatial data, it is also often necessary to visualize and compare several variables on the same map. Therefore, the question arises of how to best associate two variables in a single representation without one of them prevailing over the other, while avoiding overloading the map and making it difficult to interpret. In this article, we propose a comparison of five types of bivariate maps based on a user study. Participants performed a set of tasks using different maps produced from multiple datasets. Our analysis is based on three approaches: (1) quantitative analysis of user answer accuracy, (2) quantitative analysis of user answer times, and (3) quantitative and qualitative analysis of user feedback. The results suggest that combining symbol and choropleth maps is the most effective approach among those tested, while combining cartograms with any technique is the worst.

Drawing on a global literature review describing and characterizing the use of landraces by Indigenous and Local Communities (IPLC) in the context of climate change, we found that economic factors seem more important than climate change in explaining the worldwide decline in landraces. We identified that structural agricultural policies lead to farmers’ dependence on markets and new technologies, causing the erosion of landrace diversity and an overall disregard for Indigenous and local knowledge. However, we identified a resistance movement that aims to transform relationships within the seed system to favor landrace conservation. We conclude that the maintenance of landrace diversity cannot be achieved without giving back the decision-power in agroecosystems to farmers instead of capital.

Aim In highly mobile species, Migratory Connectivity (MC) has relevant consequences in population dynamics, genetic mixing, conservation and management. Additionally, in colonially breeding species, the maintenance of the breeding geographical structure during the non‐breeding period, that is, a strong MC, can promote isolation and population divergence, which ultimately can affect the process of lineage sorting. In geographically structured populations, studying the MC and differences in environmental preferences among colonies, populations, or taxa can improve our understanding of the ecological divergence among them. Location Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Methods We investigated the MC and non‐breeding ecological niche of three seabird taxa from the genus Calonectris (n = 805 individuals). Using 1346 year‐round trips from 34 different breeding colonies, we assess the level (from taxa to colony) at which MC and non‐breeding spatial and environmental segregation emerge. Results At a taxon level, we found a clear difference in the non‐breeding distributions between Cory's (C. borealis) and Scopoli's (C. diomedea) shearwaters, and a clear ecological divergence between Cory's and Cape Verde (C. edwardsii) shearwaters. At an intermediate aggregation level, we found that birds breeding in proximity had similar non‐breeding habitat preferences, while birds breeding in very distant colonies (and therefore classified in different populations) had different non‐breeding habitat preferences. Furthermore, within each taxon, we found more structure (i.e. stronger MC) and non‐breeding divergence at an intermediate aggregation level than at the colony scale, where MC was weak. Main Conclusions These results suggest that conspecifics from nearby colonies mix in common non‐breeding areas, but not with birds from more distant colonies or different taxa. These results support the need for management and conservation strategies that take into account this structure when dealing with migratory species with high connectivity.

This research proposes a psychoanalytic listening of the Malagasy bilo ritual in its classical form. The ritual’s function is to address the fertility issues of the entire lineage through the medium of the body of a woman described as “infertile” or who has only given birth to daughters. The goal is to fortify the life of a particular lineage, via a woman who will symbolically “give birth to” an ancestor. Our work aims to approach how the ritual accomplishes unconscious desires and processes psychic functions. We rely on the discourse of the work carried out by French anthropologists Fiéloux and Lombard who have studied the ritual most extensively. Five lines of analysis emerged: the central place of the body in the hallucinatory fulfilment of desire, the psychic treatment of femininity and passivity in both men and women, the processing of unconscious hostility, the elaboration of loss, and the projection of superego in the bilo.

In the context of a rapidly growing global population and significant climatic and environmental change, there is an urgent need to produce nutritious food in a sustainable manner. Some crops are underutilised in Europe, despite their suitability to local environments, viability for sustainable production and potential to improve diets. Rye ( Secale cereale ) has a long history of cultivation in Europe, yet is underutilised owing to complex historical, socio‐cultural, socio‐political, socio‐economic and agronomic factors. This paper explores an innovative, cross‐sectoral approach that harmonises existing datasets from archaeology, plant science, nutrition and policy, and establishes an interdisciplinary dialogue to tackle this challenge.

This study investigates the effectiveness of immersive audiovisual simulations in eliciting emotional responses and replicating the psychological and cognitive demands of high-risk operational environments, particularly in firefighting scenarios. Conducted in two successive phases, the research first employed a pilot study involving 90 participants (45 firefighters and 45 students) who were exposed to a controlled audiovisual simulation. Emotional responses were assessed using the Differential Emotion Scale (DES), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The second phase involved an immersive room experiment with 36 firefighters, where the same audiovisual stimulus was presented in a fully immersive environment, integrating interactive decision-making tasks to enhance ecological validity. The findings indicate that both methods effectively elicited the targeted emotional responses, including stress, fear, anger, and serenity, with firefighters exhibiting greater emotional regulation and adaptive coping strategies compared to students. The immersive room environment significantly amplified emotional engagement, resulting in stronger emotional responses from the first scene onward. These results underscore the potential of immersive training tools in preparing emergency responders for high-stress situations by strengthening psychological resilience, improving emotional regulation, and optimizing decision-making under pressure. The study contributes to advancing evidence-based training methodologies in emergency response, public safety, and crisis management, emphasizing the importance of integrating immersive technologies into professional training programs.

The Black and Nhue-Day River sub-basins near Hanoi, Vietnam, are crucial aquatic ecosystems that are suffering from severe pollution stemming from industrial, domestic, and agricultural sources, which pose risks to environmental and public health. We assessed water genotoxicity at four locations along a gradient of urbanization in Hanoi and its peripheral regions: a fish farm at Hoa Binh reservoir (HB), a peri-urban fish farm in Phu Xuyen district (PX), and urban lakes Truc Bach (TB) and Thien Quang (TQ). Using the comet assay on Nile tilapia erythrocytes, DNA damage (% tail DNA), reflecting fragmented DNA that migrates out of the nucleus during electrophoresis, demonstrated significant differences between sites (p < 0.001). Urban lakes exhibited lower damage (TB: 16 ± 10%, TQ: 33 ± 17%), while the highest damage levels were observed in the hydropower reservoir (HB: 70 ± 15%). Trace elements (i.e., As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) analyzed in water did not exhibit a significant correlation with DNA damage, suggesting the presence of other unexamined contaminants, such as pesticides, that may explain these findings. These genotoxicity results emphasize the need for further research to identify the specific origins of the observed DNA damage, such as potential contributions from agricultural runoff, untreated wastewater, or other unexamined contaminants. Understanding these sources is essential for developing targeted water management practices to mitigate environmental risks and ensure the safety of aquaculture products, particularly in areas like the HB reservoir, where fish farming supports food security.

Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia encounter significant challenges in their daily social interactions. These deficits emphasize neurocognitive disabilities, impaired social cognition, and stigma. However, social presentation especially public perception of patients’ social behavior has been poorly studied to date in this mental disorder despite the fundamental importance of first impression in human interaction. This study aims to investigate whether a schizophrenia patient leads to a lower first impression than a depressive individual and a healthy control when there is no diagnostic label, and on which features these first impressions are created. We extracted nonverbal behavioral measures from thin slice of social behaviour of the stimulus particip ants and presented audio and/or video clips to naive observers. We found that the general population had significantly more negative impressions and behavioral intentions to interact with the schizophrenia patient than the depressive and the control participant, regardless of the modality presented. As patients displayed a lower nonverbal behavioral, it suggests that social behavior drives first impression in schizophrenia. Such findings may lead to new ways of developing intervention program targeting motor nonverbal behavior, leading to reduce social rejection in these population. Key words: first impression; social perception; schizophrenia; nonverbal behavior; social interaction

Chemicals emitted by the human body convey information about the individuals. However, our understanding of the chemical underpinnings of human chemical communication remains limited, partly due to methodological constraints. Here, we describe a novel sampling technique, named ABOV (Analysis of Body Odor Volatiles), for analyzing the chemical composition of human skin odor. The ABOV device was designed to be easy to use and comfortable, adaptable to different contexts and body parts, and to collect in a non-contact manner airborne chemicals potentially involved in chemical communication. Twenty participants were sampled with this technique in their right and left axillae and neck, and their chemical profiles were obtained through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. We robustly showed higher similarity of odor profiles between left/right sides of a given individual than between his/her odor sources (axilla vs. neck) or – even more prominently – than between different individuals. Further, exploratory analyses (PLS-DA) confirmed that the axilla and neck significantly differ in their chemical profiles, and that differences between men’s and women’s body odor profiles are also present although less pronounced. Several compounds were identified as being more characteristic of one source or sex than the other, and we concluded that predicting sex based on skin volatile profiles has limited reliability (at best 34% error) while prediction reliability was rather good for odor source (11% error). Overall, the novel device ABOV may be used in the future for ecological body odor sampling, even on moving subjects during behavioral experiments, to further investigate the chemical bases of human odor diversity and chemical communication.

A newly discovered Neolithic site at Al-Khashbah KHS-A (Oman) reveals local adaptations to climate change in the Holocene. Results from radiocarbon dating show repeated occupations over 1000 years and key artefacts indicate coastal connections. KHS-A served as a short-term camp, enhancing our understanding of Neolithic lifeways in Arabia.

Background The influence of family context and parental roles on women’s entrepreneurial intentions is increasingly recognized in gender and entrepreneurship studies. While much research highlights structural factors, we focus on the formative impact of parental upbringing. This study explores how early family environments shape the entrepreneurial trajectories of women. Objective We aim to examine how parental roles and value transmission contribute to women’s decisions to pursue entrepreneurship. By focusing on qualitative insights, we address how implicit family influences can foster or hinder entrepreneurial ambitions. Methods We conducted narrative interviews with 29 French female entrepreneurs from diverse sectors and backgrounds. This qualitative approach allowed us to capture both direct and subtle parental influences. The analysis was structured around themes such as parental style, family structure, and the transmission of gender norms. Results The findings indicate that most participants were raised in families that did not impose gender-based constraints. Women from egalitarian or matriarchal households reported higher self-efficacy, while those from patriarchal families often resisted gendered expectations, which fueled their entrepreneurial drive. Parental support and the absence of limiting stereotypes emerged as key factors. Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of family environments in shaping women’s entrepreneurial ambitions by fostering autonomy and resilience. Encouraging egalitarian family models and addressing gendered socialization could help reduce disparities in entrepreneurship. These insights offer valuable direction for policymakers and educators aiming to promote female entrepreneurship.

The ageing of the French population is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly people living in nursing homes (Ehpad). Quality of life in these institutions is becoming a major issue as a marker of well-being and perceived health. Nevertheless, its definition and assessment in the specific context of nursing homes raise multiple questions. In this narrative review, we will take stock of quality of life models applicable to the nursing home context, highlighting their clinical contributions. We will then identify the various tools available to investigate quality of life in this particular context, and the recommendations in the scientific literature guiding its assessment. This overview will help to suggest possible directions for future research in these areas. On a clinical level, it will aim to raise awareness and inform professionals working in these establishments, with a view to continuously improving the support offered to the elderly living there.

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) has garnered increasing attention in oncology due to its potential to enhance patient care by alleviating anxiety and emotional distress. The present work evaluates the hypothesis proposed by a recent theoretical model that engagement and the sense of presence are key mediators that impact the degree of beneficial effects that VR may have on the emotional well-being of breast cancer patients. Methods: This study draws on data from three previous studies comprising 156 breast cancer patients. The psychological variables of well-being studied included emotional dimensions measured before and after exposure to a virtual environment, as well as factors related to immersive qualities. Correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to explore relationships among said variables, namely, one's tendency to be immersed in an activity, engagement, spatial presence, and emotional well-being (i.e., valence and arousal) of the patients. Results: Engagement plays a crucial mediating role between tendency of immersion, spatial presence, and positive emotional responses. Patients with a greater tendency toward immersion and higher engagement in the virtual environment showed significant emotional improvements. However, tendency of immersion and spatial presence alone did not directly lead to more positive emotional experiences; their influence was primarily exerted through engagement. Conclusions: Engagement emerges as a fundamental lever for maximizing the psychological benefits of VR in oncology. Clinical interventions using VR should prioritize optimizing engagement in immersive environments to improve patients' emotional state throughout their cancer treatment journey.