Université Hassan II Casablanca

The discontinuous Galerkin method is highly flexible for handling complex meshes. One of the challenges of the method lies in the calculation of the coefficients of the elementary matrices. Indeed, these coefficients involve integrals of polynomials over the cells, and as soon as these cells have a complex shape, the integration becomes difficult. In this paper, we focus on how to perform such integration by reducing volume integrals over a cell to line integrals along the edges of the cell. In some cases, the integration can be done exactly, and in others, the line integration can be performed using quadrature formulas. We will provide a recipe, for example, in the case where the cell is an arbitrary polyhedron with flat faces, to compute the integral of a polynomial exactly. However, the method we propose also allows for the calculation of the integral of a function over a polyhedron with curved surfaces.

The ATLAS experiment has developed extensive software and distributed computing systems for Run 3 of the LHC. These systems are described in detail, including software infrastructure and workflows, distributed data and workload management, database infrastructure, and validation. The use of these systems to prepare the data for physics analysis and assess its quality are described, along with the software tools used for data analysis itself. An outlook for the development of these projects towards Run 4 is also provided.

A bstract Differential measurements of Higgs boson production in the τ -lepton-pair decay channel are presented in the gluon fusion, vector-boson fusion (VBF), VH and $t\overline{t}H$ t t ¯ H associated production modes, with particular focus on the VBF production mode. The data used to perform the measurements correspond to 140 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Two methods are used to perform the measurements: the Simplified Template Cross-Section (STXS) approach and an Unfolded Fiducial Differential measurement considering only the VBF phase space. For the STXS measurement, events are categorized by their production mode and kinematic properties such as the Higgs boson’s transverse momentum ( ${p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}}$ p T H ), the number of jets produced in association with the Higgs boson, or the invariant mass of the two leading jets ( m jj ). For the VBF production mode, the ratio of the measured cross-section to the Standard Model prediction for m jj > 1.5 TeV and ${p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}}$ p T H > 200 GeV ( ${p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}}$ p T H < 200 GeV) is ${1.29}_{-0.34}^{+0.39}$ 1.29 − 0.34 + 0.39 ( ${0.12}_{-0.33}^{+0.34}$ 0.12 − 0.33 + 0.34 ). This is the first VBF measurement for the higher- ${p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}}$ p T H criteria, and the most precise for the lower- ${p}_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{H}}$ p T H criteria. The fiducial cross-section measurements, which only consider the kinematic properties of the event, are performed as functions of variables characterizing the VBF topology, such as the signed ∆ ϕ jj between the two leading jets. The measurements have a precision of 30%–50% and agree well with the Standard Model predictions. These results are interpreted in the SMEFT framework, and place the strongest constraints to date on the CP-odd Wilson coefficient ${c}_{H\overset{\sim }{W}}$ c H W ~ .

This paper reports the measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a $t\bar{t}$ t t ¯ pair in the $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ H → b b ¯ decay channel. The analysis uses 140 fb $^{-1}$ - 1 of 13 $\text {TeV}$ TeV proton–proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The final states with one or two electrons or muons are employed. An excess of events over the expected background is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.6 (5.4) standard deviations. The $t\bar{t}H$ t t ¯ H cross-section is $\sigma _{t\bar{t}H} = 411~^{+101}_{-92}~\text {fb} = 411 \pm 54(\text {stat.})~^{+85}_{-75}(\text {syst.})~\text {fb}$ σ t t ¯ H = 411 - 92 + 101 fb = 411 ± 54 ( stat. ) - 75 + 85 ( syst. ) fb for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 $\text {GeV}$ GeV , consistent with the prediction of the Standard Model of $507^{+35}_{-50}$ 507 - 50 + 35 fb. The cross-section is also measured differentially in bins of the Higgs boson transverse momentum within the simplified template cross-section framework.

A bstract This article presents a search for a heavy charged Higgs boson produced in association with a top quark and a bottom quark, and decaying into a W boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson h . The search is performed in final states with one charged lepton, missing transverse momentum, and jets using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the LHC at CERN. This data set corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 140 fb − 1 . The search is conducted by examining the reconstructed invariant mass distribution of the Wh candidates for evidence of a localised excess in the charged Higgs boson mass range from 250 GeV to 3 TeV. No significant excess of data over the expected background is observed and 95% confidence-level upper limits between 2.8 pb and 1.2 fb are placed on the production cross-section times branching ratio for charged Higgs bosons decaying into Wh .

This Letter presents a search for highly ionizing magnetic monopoles in 262 μ b − 1 of ultraperipheral Pb + Pb collision data at s NN = 5.36 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A new methodology that exploits the properties of clusters of hits reconstructed in the innermost silicon detector layers is introduced to study highly ionizing particles in heavy-ion data. No significant excess above the background, which is estimated using a data-driven technique, is observed. Using a nonperturbative semiclassical model, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the cross section for pair production of monopoles with a single Dirac magnetic charge in the mass range of 20–150 GeV. Depending on the model, monopoles with a single Dirac magnetic charge and mass below 80–120 GeV are excluded. © 2025 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2025 CERN

A bstract A search for the production of top-quark pairs with the same electric charge ( tt or $\overline{tt}$ tt ¯ ) is presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ s = 13 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb − 1 . Events with two same-charge leptons and at least two b -tagged jets are selected. Neural networks are employed to define two selections sensitive to additional couplings beyond the Standard Model that would enhance the production rate of same-sign top-quark pairs. No significant signal is observed, leading to an upper limit on the total production cross-section of same-sign top-quark pairs of 1.6 fb at 95% confidence level. Corresponding limits on the three Wilson coefficients associated with the ${\mathcal{O}}_{tu}^{(1)}$ O tu 1 , ${\mathcal{O}}_{Qu}^{(1)}$ O Qu 1 , and ${\mathcal{O}}_{Qu}^{(8)}$ O Qu 8 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework are derived.

A bstract A search for T and Y vector-like quarks produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and decaying into Wb in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The search uses 139 fb − 1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018. The final state is characterised by a hadronically decaying W boson with large Lorentz boost and a b -tagged jet, which are used to reconstruct the invariant mass of the vector-like quark candidate. The main background is QCD multijet production, which is estimated using a data-driven method. Upon finding no significant excess in data, mass limits at 95% confidence level are obtained as a function of the global coupling parameter, κ . The observed lower limits on the masses of Y quarks with κ = 0 . 5 and κ = 0 . 7 are 2 . 0 TeV and 2 . 4 TeV, respectively. For T quarks, the observed mass limits are 1 . 4 TeV for κ = 0 . 5 and 1 . 9 TeV for κ = 0 . 7.

A bstract A search for the production of a Higgs boson and one or more charm quarks, in which the Higgs boson decays into a photon pair, is presented. This search uses proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ s = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb − 1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis relies on the identification of charm-quark-containing jets, and adopts an approach based on Gaussian process regression to model the non-resonant di-photon background. The observed (expected, assuming the Standard Model signal) upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the cross-section for producing a Higgs boson and at least one charm-quark-containing jet that passes a fiducial selection is found to be 10.6 pb (8.8 pb). The observed (expected) measured cross-section for this process is 5 . 3 ± 3 . 2 pb (2 . 9 ± 3 . 1 pb).

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community infections. These infections are becoming increasingly difficult to combat, because of emerging resistance to all classes of antibiotics. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an important virulence factor in MRSA and causes white blood cell destruction, necrosis, and accelerated apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of pvl-positive MRSA in a pediatric hospital, in Marrakech, Morocco. Methodology: 53 isolates of MRSA were recovered in the hospital from December 2010 to May 2014, and confirmed with biochemical tests (coagulase, mannitol fermentation, and DNase). Then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect pvl. Results: Among the 259 Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from various clinical specimens, 53 were identified as MRSA; and the presence of the PVL gene was investigated in them using PCR analysis. Out of the 53 MRSA isolates, only 1 (1.89%) was positive for pvl This pvl-positive MRSA isolate was characterized as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec IV (SCCmec IV), a type commonly associated with community-acquired MRSA infections. Conclusions: The study revealed a relatively low prevalence of PVL-positive MRSA among pediatric patients at the University Hospital Center CHU Mohamed VI in Marrakech, with only 1.89% of MRSA isolates testing positive for pvl. Despite this low prevalence, the presence of PVL-positive strains accentuates a potential risk for severe infections in vulnerable children. These findings underscore the imperative need for sustained surveillance and rigorous infection control measures to mitigate the spread of MRSA and other resistant pathogens.

Introduction: Distant metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are uncommon but significantly impact patient outcomes. The disease-specific mortality rates are notably higher among patients with metastases, reflecting the aggressive nature of this condition. This study aimed to identify predictive factors for the occurrence of distant metastases in Moroccan patients treated for DTC. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included patients diagnosed with DTC between 2004 and 2012 and followed up at the nuclear medicine department of Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco. All patients diagnosed with DTC who did not have metastasis at the diagnosis were included with a mean follow-up time of 10.4 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to study the occurrence of metastases at 10 years. The diagnosis of metastases was confirmed by iodine scintigraphy and fludeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) PET/CT. Results: A total of 1,357 patients were included in the study. Women represented 89.5% of the study population. The mean age was 44, with a range of 14-85 years. The most frequent histological type was papillary thyroid cancer, accounting for 93.5% of cases. During follow-up, 6.2% of patients developed metastases. The mean time from diagnosis to metastasis was 4.27 years. Lung (46.0%) and bone (38.0%) were the most common sites of distant metastases. The study of factors predictive of the occurrence of metastases showed that age ≥ 55 years, male gender, follicular histological type, extra-thyroidal extension, vascular invasion, tumor size > 4 cm, detectable thyroglobulin level, disease stages (≥II), high risk of relapse, and the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with the occurrence of metastases. Conclusion: The identification of factors predictive of the occurrence of metastases offers a valuable opportunity to stratify patients according to their level of risk. This stratification makes it possible to optimize management through an adapted and more aggressive therapeutic approach for high-risk patients while ensuring close monitoring, particularly during the first five years following diagnosis.

The ATLAS Google Project was established as part of an ongoing evaluation of the use of commercial clouds by the ATLAS Collaboration, in anticipation of the potential future adoption of such resources by WLCG grid sites to fulfil or complement their computing pledges. Seamless integration of Google cloud resources into the worldwide ATLAS distributed computing infrastructure was achieved at large scale and for an extended period of time, and hence cloud resources are shown to be an effective mechanism to provide additional, flexible computing capacity to ATLAS. For the first time a total cost of ownership analysis has been performed, to identify the dominant cost drivers and explore effective mechanisms for cost control. Network usage significantly impacts the costs of certain ATLAS workflows, underscoring the importance of implementing such mechanisms. Resource bursting has been successfully demonstrated, whilst exposing the true cost of this type of activity. A follow-up to the project is underway to investigate methods for improving the integration of cloud resources in data-intensive distributed computing environments and reducing costs related to network connectivity, which represents the primary expense when extensively utilising cloud resources.

Bacterial wilt, primarily caused by the pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum, poses a major threat to global agriculture. Among the affected crops, tomatoes are particularly vulnerable due to their significant economic and nutritional value worldwide, often suffering substantial yield losses from this devastating disease. In this study, we present a comprehensive mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of soil-borne diseases in tomatoes. The model is formulated within a Two-Dimensional Spatiotemporal framework, denoted as $Y_{T}I_{F}I_{D}M_{T}B$, and utilizes fractional-order derivatives in the Caputo sense. We derive the basic reproduction number, $R_0$, as a key threshold parameter. Our analysis shows that when $R_0<1$, the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable, while for $R_0>1$, an endemic equilibrium emerges, indicating the persistence of infection within the crop population. Extensive simulations conducted in Matlab validate the robustness of our theoretical findings and demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in predicting and managing the spread of bacterial wilt in tomatoes.

Using a translation operator, we obtain a generalization of second Titchmarsh’s theorem for the ( k , n ) {(k,n)} -generalized Fourier transform for functions satisfying the ( p , k , n ) (p,k,n) -Lipschitz and ( ψ , k , n ) (\psi,k,n) -Lipschitz classes condition in the space L p ⁢ ( d ⁢ μ k , n ) {\mathrm{L}^{p}(d\mu_{k,n})} , where 1 ≤ p ≤ 2 {1\leq p\leq 2} .

The presence of voids substantially influences the elastic response of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer biocomposites, crucial for developing sustainable materials for environmental applications. This research examines the effect of voids on the mechanical properties of alfa-based composites, particularly relevant for Mediterranean regions, where alfa fibers are readily available. Employing a computational approach, we analyze the elastic modulus of biocomposites with varying void content. Our findings reveal that voids diminish the effective load-bearing capacity of the polymer matrix, consequently weakening the reinforcement efficiency of the embedded CNTs. Furthermore, the distribution and the size of voids are demonstrated to significantly impact the mechanical performance of the composites. Comprehending these effects is vital for optimizing the design and manufacturing processes of CNT-reinforced polymer biocomposites, ensuring their reliability and effectiveness in Mediterranean environmental conditions.

The ATLAS tile calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic sampling calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This paper gives an overview of the calorimeter’s operation and performance during the years 2015–2018 (Run 2). In this period, ATLAS collected proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and the TileCal was 99.65% efficient for data-taking. The signal reconstruction, the calibration procedures, and the detector operational status are presented. The performance of two ATLAS trigger systems making use of TileCal information, the minimum-bias trigger scintillators and the tile muon trigger, is discussed. Studies of radiation effects allow the degradation of the output signals at the end of the LHC and HL-LHC operations to be estimated. Finally, the TileCal response to isolated muons, hadrons and jets from proton–proton collisions is presented. The energy and time calibration methods performed excellently, resulting in good stability and uniformity of the calorimeter response during Run 2. The setting of the energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 2%. The results demonstrate that the performance is in accordance with specifications defined in the Technical Design Report.

Proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011, at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, have been used for an improved determination of the W -boson mass and a first measurement of the W -boson width at the LHC. Recent fits to the proton parton distribution functions are incorporated in the measurement procedure and an improved statistical method is used to increase the measurement precision. The measurement of the W -boson mass yields a value of $m_W = 80{,}366.5 \pm 9.8~(\text {stat.}) \pm 12.5~(\text {syst.})$ m W = 80 , 366.5 ± 9.8 ( stat. ) ± 12.5 ( syst. ) MeV $= 80{,}366.5 \pm 15.9$ = 80 , 366.5 ± 15.9 MeV, and the width is measured as $\Gamma _W = 2202 \pm 32~(\text {stat.}) \pm 34~(\text {syst.})$ Γ W = 2202 ± 32 ( stat. ) ± 34 ( syst. ) MeV $= 2202 \pm 47$ = 2202 ± 47 MeV. The first uncertainty components are statistical and the second correspond to the experimental and physics-modelling systematic uncertainties. Both results are consistent with the expectation from fits to electroweak precision data. The present measurement of $m_W$ m W is compatible with and supersedes the previous measurement performed using the same data.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [ P ( [ p T ] ) ]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P ( [ p T ] ) in Pb 208 + Pb 208 and Xe 129 + Xe 129 collisions at s NN = 5.02 and 5.44 TeV, respectively, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. All observables show distinct features in ultracentral collisions, which are explained by a suppression of the geometrical component as the overlap area reaches its maximum. These results demonstrate a new technique to separate geometrical and intrinsic fluctuations, providing constraints on initial conditions and properties of the quark-gluon plasma, such as the speed of sound. © 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration 2024 CERN

The treatment of olive oil mill wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge due to its elevated concentration of phenolic compounds, resistant to degradation. This study employs coagulation with the PACTM2 coagulant to treat these effluents. Analytical findings confirm a pH of 5.97, high turbidity at 4845 NTU indicating suspended particles, and a noteworthy polyphenol concentration at 7.006 g/L, signaling the presence of potentially harmful substances. An absorbance of 0.900 at 254 nm suggests that organic substances absorb light at this wavelength, while the measured color at 0.363 nm indicates the presence of colored compounds in the effluent. These parameters underscore the complexity of water pollution from olive oil mills, emphasizing the need for effective intervention. Coagulation with the PACTM2 coagulant proves to be a promising method for treating these effluents. A significant reduction in turbidity, polyphenol concentration, and absorbance at 254 nm is achieved through pH adjustment and appropriate coagulant usage. This suggests that coagulation could be a crucial step in the olive oil mill wastewater treatment process.