Universitas Negeri Semarang

Indonesia’s tsunami-prone areas are primarily located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, where the collision of three active tectonic plates (Eurasia, Indo-Australia, Pacific) results in significant seismic activity. This geological condition places several coastal regions at high risk, particularly for earthquakes and tsunamis. One such area is the Ciletuh–Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark (CPUGG) in Sukabumi Regency. This study aims to develop a tsunami disaster risk reduction strategy for the region, using a quantitative descriptive method. The study finds that the tsunami disaster risk level in CPUGG is 0.64, indicating a moderate risk that borders on high. The proposed risk reduction strategies are categorized into three levels, focusing on government, community, business, and tourist preparedness. The findings highlight that most hazard and vulnerability indicators remain high, while tourist capacity and preparedness are at a moderate level. The strategies suggested by the study could serve as valuable input for mitigating tsunami risks in CPUGG.

The Postgraduate School is part of Semarang State University (UNNES) which has declared itself a conservation university since 2010. The Postgraduate School is committed to supporting the realization of conservation ideals. This research focuses on analyzing the acceleration of implementation of the pillars of conservation and character education on the Semarang State University Postgraduate School campus. This research uses a qualitative approach, data sources were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out using interactive methods. Research findings show that the pillars of conservation and character education have been achieved at the Graduate School of UNNES. Various facts show the need to increase achievement in the pillars of conservation and character education at the Graduate School of Semarang State University. Improvement of the conservation pillar is carried out through various programs, especially tree planting. To achieve the conservation pillar comprehensively, the Postgraduate School is accelerating through the declaration of an integrity zone in the campus environment which aims to create a Corruption Free and Clean and Serving Zone, and a Bureaucracy Oriented Zone. It is hoped that this launch will boost the achievement of the pillars of conservation and character education at the Postgraduate School, UNNES.

This paper examines how good corporate governance (GCG) affects Indonesian banks’ non-performing loans (NPLs) and its relevance to the current banking sector situation in Indonesia. The research findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the effect of bank-specific factors on NPLs, offering timely and important insights for the banking industry. This quantitative study focuses on commercial banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2021. The observation period spans four years (2018–2021), utilizing 216-unit panel data from 54 banks for analysis. Documentation was used for data collection, and panel data multiple regression analysis was employed as the data analysis technique. The findings indicate that increased board of directors’ meetings are associated with higher NPLs, while having independent board commissioners correlates with lower NPLs. The p-value of the board of director meetings is 0.027, and the coefficient is 0.005037. The p-value of the board of independent board commissioners is 0.017, and the coefficient is –0.00109. Effective GCG implementation is crucial in maintaining credit quality and reducing NPL levels. The p-value of the GCG score is 0.043, and the coefficient is –0.42985. However, the frequency of Board of Commissioners’ meetings does not significantly affect NPLs. The study also shows that the Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR) and bank size negatively and significantly impact NPLs. In contrast, Return on Equity (ROE) and leverage do not significantly affect NPL levels in Indonesian banks. This study provides empirical evidence that underscores the importance of robust GCG, especially during the challenging business conditions triggered by the pandemic. AcknowledgmentsThis study received funding from LPPM UNNES, contract number 12.12.4/UN37/PPK.10/2023.

The growth of the population and vehicles around the campus of Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) has created new challenges related to traffic congestion and air quality. High traffic density can produce exhaust emissions, especially carbon monoxide (CO). CO is a toxic gas that comes from burning fossil fuels, such as those produced by motor vehicles. Long- term exposure to CO can cause serious health problems, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and even death. To address these issues, a real-time CO concentration monitoring system is required. However, the current CO concentration monitoring system has limitations in terms of accuracy and precision. The Fuzzy Logic (FL) method offers several advantages, including high accuracy and ease of comprehension. To implement this, research stages are necessary, including tool coding and data analysis using FL. The results of the research indicate that CO levels in each UNNES Faculty are approximately 3-20 ppm, with CO levels stabilising at 6 ppm. Therefore, the CO monitoring system using FL was successfully implemented.

The development of technology in the educational process creates various possibilities that can enhance learners' experiences. This is related to the education system which refers to technology. The development of technology has made the world of education increasingly advanced, creating innovations in the form of digital teaching media, learning applications, and digital teaching materials that play a role in the learning process in schools. In elementary schools, learning still minimally uses teaching media to enhance students' critical thinking skills. Furthermore, the teacher only provides learning media in the form of videos or PowerPoint presentations, making the media seem boring and less stimulating for the students. The research method used is RnD with the ADDIE model and data collection method in the form of a questionnaire. Based on expert validation assessments, Augmented Reality media falls into the very feasible category with a percentage of 86.7%. The evaluation results on the media aspect scored 90%, the display aspect 85%, the usage aspect 92%, and the usefulness aspect 75%. This research implies that using modified Augmented Reality media can make learning more interactive and engaging, and can support students' learning activities. Keywords: Augmented Reality, Local Wisdom, Elementary School

This research aims to produce a product in the form of blog learning media containing local wisdom for material for writing narrative texts for class VI students at SD Negeri Pagerbarang 03. The research method used is the R & D (research and development) research method with the ADDIE (analysis, design) model. (development, implementation, and evaluation). The aim of this research is to improve the skills of writing narrative texts for Indonesian language learning in class VI of SD Negeri Pagerbarang 03. The results of the research show that: (1) to develop blog media, a relevant design is needed for the material for writing narrative texts; (2) blog-based media for narrative text writing skills is declared feasible in terms of media and material aspects; (3) with blog media containing local Tegal culinary wisdom, the skills in writing narrative texts can be improved. So that blog-based media containing local Tegal culinary wisdom can be used for learning Indonesian as material for writing narrative texts for class VI elementary schools. Keywords: Blog, Writing Skills, Media, Narrative Text

The world is entering the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 where every aspect of daily life requires technology in activities. This has an impact on elementary school students increasingly using cellphones which if left alone without supervision, this will make students addicted to using cellphones to the point of forgetting their obligations as students, namely studying. The UN is proposing the fourth sustainable development program (SDG-4), which focuses on improving the quality of education by utilizing technology. One of the most valuable provisions in facing global competition is the character of student independence. The purpose of this study is to determine how the use of cellphones impacts the independence of learning of students in elementary schools, especially the case study of SD Hj. Isriati Baiturrahman 1 in Semarang. This research is a type of qualitative research. Observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews are the data collection methods used. Data validity techniques use credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests, and data analysis techniques use condensation, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that mobile phones at school are used for studying and completing assignments. At home, mobile phones are used more for entertainment and playing games, but are still used for studying and completing assignments, although the duration is shorter. Families are responsible for accompanying mobile phone use by controlling, providing guidance, and encouraging students to study. Schools are also responsible for supporting mobile phone use by acting as facilitators, motivators, companions, and controllers. The use of mobile phones helps students become more independent in learning. This allows students to be responsible for the tasks given, search for and select the information they need, and have a mobile phone that makes it easier for them to do their assignments. The results of the study showed that the use of mobile phones helps students become more independent in learning. If students can use their mobile phones to help them learn, their learning independence will increase not only when doing assignments, but also by using their own mobile phones to increase their knowledge. Keywords: Mobile Phone Usage, Student Learning Independence

Bandung is one of the major cities of Indonesia, a country that often experiences damaging earthquakes. Geologically, Bandung is located in the Bandung Basin, which has a thick sedimentary fill that likely has a significant effect on seismic ground motion. In this study, a microtremor array experiment was conducted to estimate the near-surface S-wave velocity structure using 30 observation sites spread throughout the city, each involving a triangular array configuration. The Spatial Autocorrelation method was applied to obtain dispersion curves, before S-wave velocity structure was inverted for using a Genetic Algorithm. The results show that the engineering bedrock depth in the study area ranges between 100 and 320 m, with a gradual increase toward the south, while the time-averaged shear-wave velocity to 30 m depth (Vs30) is in the range 100–340 m/s, corresponding to site classes SE and SD. These parameters were considered in a seismic hazard analysis in order to determine the effects of site characteristics on ground motion. The results reveal a potentially strong influence, particularly on the amplification factor for the city of Bandung, both for peak ground acceleration and for response spectral acceleration at 0.2 and 1.0 s. Our findings reinforce the need for detailed imaging and analysis of near surface structure in order to produce robust seismic hazard assessments.

Concentrated industrial areas have the potential to contribute to ambient air pollution in the surrounding area. This research aims to analyze the impact of industrial activities on total particle concentration and element content with diurnal variations in the measurement time. The study location was conducted in an industrial area in Tempuran District, Magelang Regency, Indonesia. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) devices were used to analyze element content in collected particulate both in emission and ambient measurements. Based on the emission measurement, for several industries, emission standards were met, but the flow rate of emissions in identified stacks was quite low so there was not enough dilution in the atmosphere. TSP concentrations showed concentrations 2 times higher at site closest to industrial area compared to farther site during the day and at night. However, the percentage of major elements to TSP during the day compared to the night at three sites in general was comparable. Based on the EF analysis, the components classified as slightly enriched are P, Fe, Na, and Cu. The S component is enriched, while the Cl component is very enriched. Based on the results of the dispersion model, the distribution of emissions is more concentrated at nighttime than during the daytime. The number of patients with acute respiratory infection in affected areas is 5–12 times higher than that of unaffected areas. This indicates the accumulative impact of air pollution even though the ambient air quality standards for particulate parameters are met.

In this work, cellulose acetate (CA)-based nanofiber membranes were successfully fabricated via an electrospinning method in which sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-graphene oxide (GO) and zeolite were used as additives. The incorporation of SDS-GO and zeolite into CA clearly affects the properties and performance of the fabricated nanofiber membranes, including their morphology, structure, surface area, porosity, and adsorption capacity and efficiency. Some optimization methods, such as the effect of adsorbent material, adsorption process time, and adsorbent dosage, were also investigated. Based on the results of the adsorption studies, the CA/SDS-GO/zeolite membrane exhibited a high methylene blue (MB) adsorption efficiency percentage (94.70%) and an adsorption capacity of 236.76 mg/g after 2 h of adsorption utilizing a small amount of adsorbent (0.005 g). Further adsorption isotherm studies for MB dye showed that it was better fitted by the Freundlich model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8276. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics model for MB dye was better fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. These results indicate the interaction between the heterogeneous matrix surface on the CA/SDS-GO/zeolite membrane and the adsorbed MB dye molecules. The mechanism of the CA/SDS-GO/zeolite nanofiber membranes for dye adsorption involves electrostatic interactions between the anionic functional groups of GO (C=O and O–H) and cationic MB dyes, significantly enhancing adsorption capacity. Additionally, this capacity is further augmented by the increased surface area and porosity of the membranes, which results from incorporating SDS-GO and zeolite into the composite, allowing for more dye to be adsorbed over longer adsorption times. Highlights. CA/SDS-GO/zeolite nanofiber membrane presented good adsorption performance CA/SDS-GO/zeolite showed high surface area of nanofiber membrane for MB dye adsorption CA/SDS-GO/zeolite exhibited excellent adsorption performance using 0.005 g of membrane MB dye adsorption follows Freundlich model, shows heterogeneous surface Adsorption kinetics: pseudo-second-order, indicates membrane-MB interaction

Carbon dot nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized from the peels of showy Asian grapes (Medinilla speciosa) using microwave irradiation for free radical scavenging. The optimal emission and absorption intensities were achieved with a 50-min irradiation duration, at wavelengths of 430 nm and 267 nm, respectively. XRD analysis revealed characteristic peaks at angles of 26.37° and 29.63°. FTIR analysis indicated that antioxidant potential is attributed to hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the CNPs’ surface. TEM images showed diameters ranging from 2 nm to 8 nm. The CNPs exhibited 73.82% antioxidant activity at 5 mg/mL, with an IC 50 value of 6.89 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant activity. Additionally, the CNPs demonstrated good storage stability, suggesting potential applications in food supplements and biomedical materials.

This study explores the potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed (EGs) powder as a sustainable composite biomaterial, focusing on its particle size effects on the mechanical, frictional, and thermal properties of composite materials for potential biomedical applications such as prosthetics and implants. Composite specimens were produced using the compression hot molding method, utilizing EG powder particles of varying sizes (120, 140, and 200-mesh sieving). The influence of EG powder particle size on key properties was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that reducing the particle size of EGs leads to a decrease in density and hardness of the composite, with the largest particle size (BP1) resulting in the highest density and hardness. Friction coefficient measurements indicated suitability for biomedical applications where surface interaction and wear resistance are critical, such as joint prosthetics. Thermal analysis showed that BP1 exhibited superior thermal stability, with a maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) exceeding 375 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry identified significant differences in glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) across specimens. The composites demonstrated exceptional thermal performance, surpassing previous benchmarks for biomaterials in high-temperature environments. The mechanical and thermal characteristics of Specimen BP1—2.725 g/cm³ density, 74 Shore D hardness, 0.159 coefficient of friction, 93.3% total residual, 378.14 °C Tmax, 426.25 °C Tc, and 376.87 °C Tg—suggest its potential for biomedical applications requiring durability and thermal resilience, such as in orthopedic devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.

Kebutuhan akan solusi penyimpanan energi yang efisien dan berkelanjutan semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan sistem energi terbarukan. Superkapasitor, yang dikenal karena kepadatan daya dan stabilitas siklusnya, menjadi komponen penting dalam teknologi ini. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan membandingkan material berbasis karbon dan oksida logam pada superkapasitor, dengan fokus pada optimalisasi performa penyimpanan energi. Melalui pendekatan sistematis, kajian ini menelaah karakteristik utama dari kedua jenis material, termasuk densitas energi, daya tahan siklus, kestabilan termal, dan potensi biaya. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa material berbasis karbon cenderung memiliki keunggulan pada kepadatan daya dan siklus hidup, sementara oksida logam menawarkan kapasitas penyimpanan yang lebih tinggi tetapi rentan terhadap degradasi. Analisis ini memberikan wawasan mengenai kelebihan dan batasan tiap material, yang dapat menjadi panduan dalam pemilihan material superkapasitor untuk aplikasi pada energi terbarukan. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung pengembangan superkapasitor yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan.

The study explores the moderating role of peer conformity on the relationship between self-concept, economic literacy, and e-money adoption with the consumptive behavior of university students, specifically those receiving the KIP Kuliah scholarship in Indonesia. Data were collected through an online survey of 328 students and analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results indicated that the relationship between self-concept and consumptive behavior, as well as e-money adoption and consumptive behavior, was significantly strengthened by peer conformity. However, the effect of economic literacy on consumptive behavior was not moderated by peer conformity. These findings suggest that while self-concept and e-money adoption are influenced by peer conformity, economic literacy operates independently of peer conformity. The importance of fostering economic literacy and a critical self-concept among students to mitigate the effects of peer pressure on consumption was highlighted in this research. The findings reveal that peer conformity strengthens the effect of self-concept and e-money adoption on consumptive behavior, but does not moderate the impact of economic literacy. The research highlights the need for fostering economic literacy and critical self-concept to reduce the influence of peer conformity on student consumption decisions. Further research should expand the scope beyond KIP Kuliah students to include a broader student population.

Magnusiomyces capitatus A4C, a mycelium‐forming and lipase‐producing yeast‐like fungus, was employed in a five‐level factorial design to optimize the collective and interactive influences of carbon, nitrogen and emulsifying sources and their possible effects on cell‐bound lipase (CBL) and cell biomass production. The cell culture of M. capitatus A4C was incubated along with biomass support particles (BSPs) to immobilize the enzyme while anchoring CBL on their surfaces. Among the BSPs tested, CBL immobilized on loofah sponge under optimized conditions showed a substantial hydrolytic activity of 12.7 U mL⁻¹ and a cell‐loading capacity of 0.61 g g⁻¹ of BSPs. Immobilized CBL was applied for biodiesel production via transesterification and esterification. The conversion percentage of triacylglycerides was approximately 100% at 24 h with the addition of water at 1:1 (v/v). The conversion of oleic acid into biodiesel via esterification was 100% at 48 h in the presence of 15% (v/v) isooctane. Further, biodiesel production was scaled up using a packed bed reactor. The batch production of biodiesel in a packed bed reactor through transesterification was 96.2%, with a circulation flow rate of 5.5 mL min⁻¹ for 18 h. On the other hand, oleic acid conversion into biodiesel via esterification was 99.5%, with a circulation flow rate of 5.5 mL min⁻¹ for 24 h. Further investigation revealed that the immobilized biocatalyst exhibited higher stability with esterification (85.3% fatty acid methyl ester) after ten repeated cycles.

The internet and technological advancements are rapidly growing in this era, potentially giving rise to new challenges, particularly in data security. One algorithm developed to secure data is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The strength of AES lies in its S-box, which transforms input bits into output bits in a randomized manner. Therefore, the S-box must be highly resilient against various attacks, especially linear and differential attacks. This paper modifies the AES S-box algorithm. The modification begins with the irreducible polynomial in the AES S-box, x⁸ + x⁴ + x³ + x + 1. It involves forming an inverse multiplicative matrix, exploring affine matrices, and using an 8-bit constant in the affine transformation. This process produces candidate S-boxes. The candidate S-boxes are subsequently evaluated to ensure they meet the criteria of balance and bijectivity. Once these criteria are satisfied, the candidate S-boxes are formalized into valid S-boxes. The resulting S-boxes are evaluated against several strength criteria, including nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, bit independence-nonlinearity criterion, bit independence-strict avalanche criterion, linear approximation probability, and differential approximation probability. The results indicate that the proposed S-box44 has a nonlinearity value of 112, strict avalanche criterion of 0.50073, bit independence-nonlinearity criterion of 112, bit independence-strict avalanche criterion of 0.50237, linear approximation probability of 0.0625, and differential approximation probability of 0.015625. These results outperform the strength of the AES S-box and surpass previous studies.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a pivotal electrochemical process in water electrolysis, essential for hydrogen production. The efficiency and kinetics of HER are significantly influenced by the choice of catalyst and its support material. In this study, we investigated the effect of carbon supports on palladium (Pd) nanoparticle electrocatalysts synthesized via the solution plasma sputtering process for HER. Pd nanoparticles were loaded onto three hierarchically porous carbon black (CB) supports: Vulcan XC-72R, Ketjen Black EC-300J, and Black Pearls 2000. Well-crystalline Pd nanoparticles, ranging in size from approximately 2–6 nm, were distributed on the surface of CB supports with Pd loading contents ranging between 21 and 29 wt%. The catalysts exhibited lower specific surface areas compared to bare CB supports due to a significant decrease in exposed micropores, which were blocked by the Pd nanoparticles at their entrances. Among the CB supports investigated, Pd nanoparticles loaded on Black Pearls 2000 demonstrated the highest HER activity, as evidenced by the lowest overpotential, largest electrochemical surface area, and highest mass activity. This superior activity can be attributed to the unique characteristics of Black Pearls 2000, including its high surface area and abundant micropores. Furthermore, it demonstrated greater HER stability than commercial platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. Our finding suggests that Black Pearls 2000 could serve as a promising CB support for further developing highly efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts.