Universitas Malikussaleh

Daylighting is an essential factor in the design and operation of buildings, including schools. School buildings shall therefore be designed and constructed by considering climate variability that may affect daylighting performance. In some cases, such as in Indonesia, school classrooms are typically designed with symmetrical bilateral openings. However, recent literature suggests that such an opening typology may not necessarily lead to optimal daylight performance. This study investigated the potential of applying asymmetrical bilateral opening in tropical school classrooms by conducting validation with scale models and optimisation with climate-based daylight simulation. The window-to-wall ratio and external horizontal shading depth and elevation on opposing façades of the building model were considered input variables. Computational daylight simulation with Radiance (RAD) through the interface of Honeybee Plus (HB [+]) and optimisation using genetic algorithms (GA) were utilised to calculate annual daylight metrics (aUDI 250-750lx , aUDI 100-3000lx , sDA 300/50% and ASE 1000,250 ) and glare indices (DGP) under the climate of two Indonesian cities. Based on the optimisation, the recommended solutions are indeed in favour of asymmetrical opening configurations. These findings are crucial to improving the practice of designing tropical school classrooms with asymmetrical bilateral openings.

Background: Chromoblastomycosis is a recurring deep mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous towel. Clinical features are characterized by verrucous shrine lesions, especially in the lower extremities. This disease is usually preceded by trauma in the form of a wound which is the initial implantation of the fungus. The fungus will be implanted in the dermis and will infect the skin with the subcutaneous towel. Chromoblastomycosis is caused by a fungus from the Dematiaceae family. Although Chromoblastomycosis occurs worldwide, it is most common (>70%) in tropical and subtropical regions. Case Presentation: We present a case in which a 72-year-old man came to the dermatovenereology polyclinic with the main complaint of thickening of the skin in the plantar of the right leg, the surface is rough, the skin looks dry, it doesn't itch and it doesn't hurt, it gets worse over time, widened. Based on the histopathology, the appearance of the epidermis in the form of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, microabscesses with neutrophil inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and spores. In the dermis, microabscesses were found, and no necrosis was seen. Conclusion: The diagnosis was chromoblastomycosis. This patient was given oral antimycotic Itraconazole 2 x 200 mg/day. There was a clinical improvement.

Introduction Breeding barley cultivars adapted to drought requires in-depth knowledge on physiological drought responses. Methods We used a high-throughput functional phenotyping platform to examine the response of four high-yielding European spring barley cultivars to a standardized drought treatment imposed around flowering. Results Cv. Chanell showed a non-conserving water-use behavior with high transpiration and maximum productivity under well-watered conditions but rapid transpiration decrease under drought. The poor recovery upon re-irrigation translated to large yield losses. Cv. Baronesse showed the most water-conserving behavior, with the lowest pre-drought transpiration and the most gradual transpiration reduction under drought. Its good recovery (resilience) prevented large yield losses. Cv. Formula was less conserving than cv. Baronesse and produced low yet stable yields. Cv. RGT’s dynamic water use with high transpiration under ample water supply and moderate transpiration decrease under drought combined with high resilience secured the highest and most stable yields. Discussion Such a dynamic water-use behavior combined with higher drought resilience and favorable root traits could potentially create an ideotype for intermediate drought. Prospective studies will examine these results in field experiments and will use the newly gained understanding on water use in barley to improve process descriptions in crop simulation models to support crop model–aided ideotype design.

The current study aims to explore the impact of using the Go-Chemist! app on students’ attitudes toward chemistry on colligative properties. This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design study involved 71 twelfth-grade students in Jakarta, Indonesia. One class was randomly assigned to a treatment group which was taught using a mobile application and another class was assigned to a comparison group which was taught using e-books. The Attitude Toward Chemistry Lessons Scale (ATCLS) was administered before and after instruction to both groups. To analyze the data, we employed independent and paired sample t-tests. The results indicated that after the intervention, the gap in attitude scores between the two groups was statistically significant in favor of the intervention group. Students in the treatment group also showed a statistically significant improvement in average scores from pre- to post-administration with a large effect size. This reflected the use of the Go-Chemist! app effectively increases students’ positive attitudes toward chemistry lessons on the topic of colligative properties.

Geothermal energy is considered renewable energy that is environmentally friendly and sustainable compared to the conventional energy from fossil fuels. However, uncontrolled geothermal exploitation can cause a decrease in the groundwater table and reservoir temperature, such as in the Jaboi volcano on Weh Island, where a power plant has been built to generate electrical energy with an estimated power of 50 MWe but still has not been operated. A geophysical survey is needed to determine the local hydrothermal system, including groundwater reserves under the surface which can be used to refill the hydrothermal wells during exploitation. This study measured vertical electrical sounding (VES) data at 15 points near the crater and geothermal power plant. In addition, very-low-frequency (VLF) data that pass through the crater were also collected to determine the presence of other hydrothermal resources such as fractures and faults. The results of the 1D least-square inversion show three subsurface models where groundwater resources with low resistivity (< 1.5 Ωm) are found at a depth of 50–100 m. The same results are also obtained from the 2D cross-section model that impermeable resistive anomalies in alluvial and tuff rocks dominate the near-surface area. The layer after groundwater is an impermeable rock in the form of breccia. The results of 2D VES and VLF modeling also show the presence of the Ceunohot and Leumomate faults, which are beneficial as fluid access to the surface. Based on the data analysis, the combination of VES and VLF data can be used to image shallow hydrothermal systems such as groundwater resources and faults in the Jaboi volcano.

Gas amonia merupakan gas yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan ayam pada kandang ayam maupun peternaknya itu sendiri, karena dengan kadar amonia >25 ppm akan mengganggu kesehatan bagi ayam. Pada penelitian sebelumnya Kadar amonia di dalam kandang tidak boleh lebih dari 5 ppm karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan pada ayam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar amonia dengan sensor MQ135 mengetahui pengaruh amonia terhadap keadaan ayam, mengukur suhu dan kelembaban dengan sensor DHT22 untuk mengetahui suhu dan kelembaban pada kandang ayam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan kandang berukuran 1,5 x 1 m dengan jumlah ayam 10 ekor Pada kandang terbuka dengan lingkungan yang baik memiliki kadar amonia 1-5 ppm dan pada kandang tertutup tanpa menggunakan kipas memiliki kadar amonia mencapai 57,270 ppm mengakibatkan kematian pada ayam sebanyak 4 ekor karena amonia yang tinggi. kenaikan kadar amonia dipengaruhi suhu dan kelembaban kandang ayam ketika kadar amonia meningkat akan menggangu kesehatan ayam sehingga digunakan kipas untuk mengurangi kadar ammonia, ketika amonia >5 ppm maka kipas akan menyala dan membuang gas amonia sehingga amonia menurun hingga < 5 ppm.

Fly ash waste is a by-product of coal burning at PLTU Nagan Raya, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Since 2017, the coal used is a mixture of 90% Kalimantan coal (sub-bituminous) and 10% local Nagan Raya coal (lignite) which is still young so that the mineral ash content is still high. Silica is among the interesting minerals to be extracted from fly ash, given its wide range of benefits. This paper describes the process of extracting silica from fly ash at the Aceh power plant through the leaching method using a chemical solution and heating for 2 and 4 hours at a temperature of 100˚C. The difference in heat treatment aimed to study the changes in properties and obtain the best method in the silica extraction process. The effect of heat treatment on silica characteristics was studied based on X Ray Diffraction (XRD) test for phase identification, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test for morphological identification, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) test for mineralogy element identification, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) test for identification of functional groups and surface chemistry, and differential calorimetric analysis/ thermogravimetric (DSC/TGA) test for identification of thermal properties. As a result, it was found that fly ash still contains unburned carbon, which significantly affects its color, and has the potential for application as a hydrogen storage material because its pore diameter structure is larger than 0.7 nm. The silica extracted from fly ash is capable of achieving a purity of up to 87% and exhibits excellent thermal stability, especially at temperatures between 120–300 °C; thus, it has the potential to be a catalyst material in the adsorption-desorption reaction of hydrogen by magnesium, although further research is still needed.

Esophageal foreign bodies are sharp or blunt objects or food that gets stuck and wedged in the esophagus due to being swallowed either intentionally or accidentally.A 53-year-old male patient arrived complaining of constant, worsening swallowing pain that has persisted for the past four days. The discomfort was initially experienced above the throat, but after attempting several traditional procedures to remove the bones, the pain was felt to shift to the region below the throat. Before going to the hospital, Patient has a history of consuming tuna bones. A fishbone was found in the esophagus area after an esophagoscopy was done.

Background Varicella (chickenpox) is a common childhood disease, but if it develops during pregnancy, it can have serious and undesirable consequences, including congenital varicella syndrome, maternal VZV pneumonia, and neonatal varicella infection; this can lead to feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Antiviral therapy and appropriate supportive care improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. This case report provides an overview of varicella-zoster virus infection during pregnancy.Case Presentation: We present a case, a 30-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy came to the emergency department of Cut Meutia Hospital with complaint of vesicle with that was very itchy on the face and all over the body. The patient also complained fever, had no appetite, itching in the throat and coughing up phlegm.Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with varicella caused by varicella zoster virus and treated with acyclovir.

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral ocular allergic disease mediated by hypersensitivity reactions. VKC events occur in boys in the first decade of life and continue until puberty. Early identification and effective treatment are essential because the condition is recurrent and potentially burdensome to the patient's quality of life. This case report examines the diagnosis, management, and therapy options for patients with VKC and highlights the significance of the clinician's involvement in cases with VKC.Case Presentation: We report a case, a boy, 8 years old, came to the eye clinic at Cut Meutia Hospital with pain in both eyes, red eyes, decreased vision, and increased eye discharge. This complaint has been experienced for the past few years, and most appeared when the patient played under the sun or when the patient's allergy came. Examination showed mild conjunctival inflammation, pseudoptosis, and papillae on the limbus.Conclusion: The patient was diagnosed with VKC and received several treatments, including artificial tear and dexamethasone.

Fistula is an abnormal connection between a channel with another channel (internal fistula), or a channel with the outside through the skin (externa fistula). A male, 48 years old, came to the RSUCM Hospital with complaints of discharge from the wound after a hernia operation on the left hip since 1 month at the SMRS. The liquid comes out in small increments, spontaneously, in lumps the size of corn kernels, blackish brown and sometimes greenish yellow, and smells bad. Surgical scars are often inflamed since 6 months after hernia surgery and have often been constipated since the operation. History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus since 4 years ago, not in control and not taking medication regularly. On physical examination, vital signs revealed hypertension. On physical examination, the status of the left iliac a/rillois was seen, an open wound measuring 1x1.5 cm, smelly discharge (+), felt warm, edema (+), NT (+). On complete blood laboratory examination, found within normal limits. At the time of colonoscopy.

The pattern of seeking healing and the use of family medicinal plants today has become an inseparable part of people's lives. In social life, illness becomes a discourse on the interaction of human life with nature. The disease suffered by the community is not only a challenge in itself, but they have the knowledge of healing, so that the illness can be handled independently or through the role of assistants in traditional ways. This study seeks to document the various knowledges of the community in the use of plants that can cure disease and also to map the pattern of seeking healing that is believed by the people of Aceh. Through an ethnographic qualitative approach, this research uses interviews and direct observation in two areas in Aceh. The results of the study show that the Acehnese living in the two areas have their own knowledge to obtain a cure for their illness. The knowledge was collected based on the response to illness through the role of traditional healers and the transmission pattern of treatment knowledge from generation to generation to medicinal plants, so that in obtaining healing, they were able to survive with the conditions they experienced until they obtained complete healing.

An approach for hydrolyzing cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) presented through hydrochloric acid hydrolysis under sonication-hydrothermal conditions. The influence of concentration, reaction time and acid to cellulose ratio will be studies toward the yield, crystallinity, microstructure and thermal stability. The highest yield of cellulose nanocrystals up to 74.82%, crystallinity until 78.59%, and a maximum degradation temperature (T max ) of 339.82°C can be achieved through hydrolysis using 3M HCl at 110°C during 1 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated higher diffraction peak pattern at 2θ = 22,6ᴼ and low diffraction peak pattern at 2θ = 18ᴼ. All of cellulose nanocrystals showed crystalline size under 1 nm, it is indicated that sonication-hydrothermal process can reduce crystalline size of cellulose. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed there has been deletion of lignin and hemicellulose that are shown at spectrum. Cellulose nanocrystals morphology showed more compact structure and well-ordered surface arrangement than cellulose morphology. Cellulose nanocrystals also have good thermal stability as indicated by high maximum degradation temperature.

Watering and fertilizing are very important to maintain the quality of the oil palm seeds. If the oil palm seeds are not watered regularly the soil will dry out while the oil palm seeds generally need to maintain adequate soil moisture and require a loose textured soil medium. So far, farmers have not optimally fulfilled the needs for water and fertilizer for oil palm seeds because they still use manual and traditional methods. Technological developments have made it possible to create irrigation and fertilization techniques automatically. In this study, a prototype of an automatic watering and fertilizing system was designed and realized for oil palm seedlings using the NodeMCU ESP8266 as the main controller in addition to RTC, humidity sensors, relays, water pumps, LCDs, and smartphones. RTC is used for fertilization scheduling, humidity sensors to sense soil moisture levels, relays as automatic switches that turn on and off pumps, water pumps to pump water and liquid fertilizer, LCD to display information, and smartphones to monitor conditions and processes of watering and fertilizing coconut seedlings palm. The test results show that the prototype tool can work well. When the soil moisture is read by the humidity sensor less than 30% (dry soil condition) then pump one is activated and when the soil moisture is more than 60% (wet soil condition) then pump one turns off. Furthermore, fertilization can take place according to a predetermined schedule where the second pump will automatically activate with a duration of 20 seconds for each fertilization period.

Fish farmers in Buket village already have basic catfish farming skills using soil ponds and biofloc. Obstacles occur when harvesting catfish simultaneously causes oversupply so that catfish prices fall and if they are not harvested immediately, farmers will experience losses due to feed needs that continue to increase along with the growth of catfish. Therefore, the purpose of this service activity is to manage financial management and help market the results of catfish rearing with biofloc technology that is converted into smoked catfish, and increase the value of the results of processing smoked catfish products. This service activity uses educational, participatory, survey, and persuasive methods. This community service activity consists of several stages, namely: (1) Socialization and coordination of activities (2) catfish smoking techniques (3) smoked catfish marketing techniques. Evaluation of service participants' success and satisfaction rate was carried out using a questionnaire. Based on the analysis of the level of satisfaction and success 80-90% of partners are satisfied with this service activity. This service activity provides positive knowledge and motivation to partners.

An edible sea cucumber Holothuria atra has been hypothesized to have medicinal benefits against hyperuricemia owing to its bioactive compounds, including mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Herein, we aimed to investigate the fatty acids-rich extract produced from H. atra to treat hyperuricemic rats (Rattus novergicus). The extraction was carried out using n-hexane solvent and then administered to potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats, with allopurinol acting as a positive control. The extract (50, 100, 150 mg/kg body weight) and allopurinol (10 mg/kg) were administered QD through an oral route using a nasogastric tube. Serum uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen of the abdominal aortic blood were investigated. Our results suggested that the extract was rich in polyunsaturated (arachidonic acid) and monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), in which its administration of 150 mg/kg could significantly reduce serum uric acid (p < 0.001), AST (p = 0.001), and ALT (p = 0.0302). The anti-hyperuricemic activity could be associated with the modulation of GLUT9 by the H. atra extract. In conclusion, the n-hexane extract from H. atra is a potential serum uric acid-lowering agent targeting GLUT9, where further investigations are crucially warranted.

Background Globally, rural/remote health systems fall short of optimal performance. Lack of infrastructure, resources, health professionals and cultural barriers affect the leadership in these settings. Given those challenges, doctors serving disadvantaged communities must develop their leadership skills. While high-income countries already had learning programmes for rural/remote areas, low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Indonesia, are lagging behind. Through the lens of the LEADS framework, we examined the skills doctors perceived as most essential to support their performance in rural/remote areas. Methods We conducted a quantitative study, including descriptive statistics. Participants were 255 rural/remote primary care doctors. Results We discovered that communicating effectively, building trust, facilitating collaboration, making connections and creating coalitions among diverse groups were most essential in rural/remote communities. When rural/remote primary care doctors serve in such cultures, may need to prioritise harmony within the community and social order values. Conclusions We noted that there is a need for culture-based leadership training in rural or remote settings of Indonesia as LMIC. In our view, if future doctors receive proper leadership training that focuses on being competent rural physicians, they will be better prepared and equipped with the skills that rural practice in a specific culture requires.