Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Content analysis refers to a set of techniques through which data can be analyzed. It is widely used in qualitative research, particularly in investigations in the field of education, as it is an effective method for understanding content that is not always explicit in discourse (whether it be a text, gesture, or utterance of a phrase, that is, any form of communication). This article aims to describe the methods and techniques of content analysis from Bardin's (2016) perspective, highlighting its contributions and limitations for qualitative approaches in education. This study employs a qualitative approach of a bibliographical nature, based on articles and books that address the topic. From Bardin’s perspective, content analysis offers several important contributions to qualitative research in education, including systematic and rigorous data analysis, a deeper understanding of the phenomena studied, a flexible and adaptable approach, the possibility of identifying gaps in the literature, and data triangulation. However, the main limitations of content analysis for qualitative education research include the risk of reductionism, excessive subjectivity when constructing categories, difficulty in dealing with non-textual data, and limitations in generalizing results. Researchers must be aware of these limitations when using content analysis in their research.

RESUMO: A análise de conteúdo corresponde a um conjunto de técnicas por meio das quais se pode analisar um grupo de dados. É bastante utilizada em pesquisas qualitativas, especialmente nas investigações da área da educação, por se tratar de uma forma muito eficaz de se compreenderem os conteúdos nem sempre manifestados de um discurso (seja um texto, um gesto ou a enunciação de uma frase, isto é, qualquer forma de comunicação). Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é descrever o método e as técnicas da análise de conteúdo na perspectiva de Bardin (2016) e suas contribuições e limitações para a abordagem qualitativa em educação. A investigação deste artigo apresenta a perspectiva qualitativa, do tipo bibliográfica, de natureza interpretativa, realizada em artigos e livros que tratam da temática. A análise de conteúdo, na perspectiva de Bardin, oferece várias contribuições importantes para a pesquisa qualitativa em educação, incluindo uma análise sistemática e rigorosa dos dados, uma compreensão mais profunda dos fenômenos estudados, uma abordagem flexível e adaptável, a possibilidade de identificação de lacunas na literatura e a triangulação dos dados. As principais limitações da análise de conteúdo para a pesquisa qualitativa em educação incluem o risco de reducionismo, o sobre-exceder na subjetividade diante da construção das categorias, a dificuldade em lidar com dados não textuais e as limitações na generalização dos resultados. É importante que o pesquisador esteja ciente dessas limitações ao utilizar a análise de conteúdo em suas pesquisas.

Lymphomas are neoplasms of origin in lymphocytes, rarely reported in equines, and classified as multicentric, alimentary, mediastinal, cutaneous, and extranodal in this species. This paper aims to report the case of a Creole mare with multicentric lymphoma. The case of a mare with weight loss, lethargy, and lymphadenomegaly unresponsive to therapy is reported. Clinical examination showed tachycardia, tachypnoea, and dyspnoea, in addition to enlargement and stiffening of palpable lymph nodes, suggestive of hyperplasia by aspiration cytology. The animal showed progressive worsening, not responding to therapy, and death occurred during the second clinical evaluation. Necropsy showed an increase in the size of all palpable lymph nodes and internal lymph nodes. Marked thoracic and abdominal effusions were also observed. Microscopically, the neoplastic proliferation of large lymphocytes was noted, infiltrated in multiple organs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of tumor showed positivity for PAX-5 and Ki-67. The association of histopathology and IHC results allowed classifying the neoplastic process as a multicentric large B-cell lymphoma. This type of lymphoma in equines tends to have a silent clinical behavior, with a progressive evolution and clinical condition usually culminating in death. Keywords: horse; lymphadenopathy; effusion; immunohistochemistry; lymphoid neoplasm

Not only advances but also old addictions, setbacks, obstructions and delays are observed during COP16 (on biodiversity), COP29 (on climate change) and G20 in a year full of tragedies resulting from climate change; we need to look in the rearview mirror and plan new paths to be presented and discussed at COP30, in 2025, in the Brazilian Amazon. Worldwide temperature records show that 2023 and 2024 were the warmest in at least the last 2000 years (Esper, Torbenson, and Büntgen 2024). About 90% of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases and 30% of human emissions of carbon dioxide are stored in the ocean, shielding the planet from even more rapid changes in the biosphere. The recent acceleration in climate change is a threat not only to terrestrial systems but also to largely neglected marine ecosystems and their socio-biodiversity.

This research compared dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and physiological and biochemical parameters between holstein and jersey cows under heat stress. Holstein (n=8) and Jersey (n=8) cows were allocated into two treatment groups: VA, with cooling, and SVA, with no cooling. The experiment included 14 days of adaptation (all the cows were cooled) and 5 days of evaluation (only the VA cows were cooled). Dry matter intake and milk production were measured daily. On Day 0 of the adaptation period and on Days 1, 3 and 5 of the evaluation period, milk samples were collected for composition, physicochemical and somatic cell analysis; blood was collected for analysis of the contents of total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The physiological parameters measured were respiratory rate, surface temperature, rectal temperature and ruminal movements. The experimental design was a 2 × 3 factorial, with two treatments and three days. The data were subjected to ANOVA and tested for normality of the residuals. For dry matter intake, there was a treatment*day interaction, and the milk yield and composition of the treatments were similar. Only the protein content was greater in the VA treatment group than in the SVA group. The milk from SVA cows had greater resistance to ethanol than that from VA cows. The freezing point was greater in the VA treatment group. The concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate was greater in the VA treatment group. A short heat stress period did not immediately affect production, but it did affect the composition and physicochemical properties of milk. The active cooling of cows with ventilation and sprinkling influences the amount of heat produced and retained, impacting the physiological parameters, blood metabolites, composition, and physicochemical properties of milk.

Background and Purpose Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the general population, and is one of the main causes of changes in the population's illness profile. In this study, we assessed changes in the functional status and quality of life of patients in the first months of chemotherapy treatment. Method A prospective cohort study was carried out, collecting data from cancer patients seen at an outpatient clinic in the Midwest of Santa Catarina who had breast, lung, colon and rectum, prostate and head and neck cancer. Patients were assessed at four different times, the first at diagnosis and the following at 1‐month intervals after the previous assessment. The assessment included the sociodemographic profile, weight, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Timed Up & Go test (TUG test ), Karnofsky Performance Status Scale and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS program, considering statistical significance p < 0.05. Results In a sample of 145 patients, there was no statistically significant reduction in the functional independence and weight of the patients followed up despite the treatment instituted; moreover, they did not show significant changes in their mobility capacity. The Karnofsky Scale was directly impacted by tumor staging. Discussion These results showed that patients with different tumors and staging at diagnosis, despite different degrees of disability, did not suffer significant changes in quality of life and self‐sufficiency in the first 4 months of treatment.

The present article aims to problematize how the history of Jiu-Jitsu is being represented on Instagram through a more detailed analysis of a particular account. The @muito_antes_do_mma is a profile dedicated to sharing content about the main pioneers of Jiu-Jitsu around the world. The initiative is carried out by two independent researchers, practitioner fighters with no academic background in history. By carefully gathering data on the presence of Jiu-Jitsu in different countries around the world, the authors provide the public with a global overview of the integration of this martial art into different spaces, even establishing connections between individuals and their institutions. However, the way the posts are constructed reflects an extremely traditional historical narrative that glorifies pioneering efforts and individual trajectories. The lack of a research problem makes the content superficial and less explanatory, prioritizing the informative and encyclopedic aspects of this initiative. This article is part of research focused on representations of the past of sports on social media and engages with different areas such as global history, digital history, public history, contemporary history, and sports history. KEYWORDS: Jiu-Jitsu history; Instagram; digital public history

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os marcos normativos que tratam do direito à educação de qualidade e da qualidade educacional no Brasil. O estudo está fundamentado na análise bibliográfica e de documentos legais que versam sobre os temas. Como resultados, evidenciamos que o termo direito à educação de qualidade se apresenta de forma dissociada na legislação brasileira, quer seja como direito à educação e como qualidade da educação, assim como que faltam referenciais analíticos para nortear no que constituiria à garantia do direito à educação de qualidade no Brasil.

Objective: Create and validate the content of video lessons to support nurses when carrying out adolescent consultations in Primary Health Care. Method: Methodological research carried out in four stages: 1) Exploration, with 83 nurses and two literature narrative reviews; 2) Construction of scripts and storyboards; 3) scripts and storyboards’ content validation; 4) Video classes production. Data analysis was conducted using the Content Validity Index. Results: The exploratory stage revealed that 85.5% of nurses carry out consultations with adolescents and 44.6% face difficulties. The most cited topics of interest were legal aspects of care, adolescent consultation, pregnancy and risk assessment in adolescence. In the review carried out with the objective of identifying a script for producing the video lessons, no one was found that met the needs of the study. The other narrative reviews showed that nursing training for adolescent consultations is incipient. 14 expert nurses validated the content with a Content Validity Index above 0.9. Afterwards, a series of four video lessons entitled “Teen talk” was produced. Conclusion: content was validated in terms of objective, structure/presentation and relevance, allowing the video classes to assist in the professional qualification of nurses to carry out consultations for adolescents. Descriptors: Nurses; Adolescent; Educational technology; Office nursing; Primary Health Care

This theoretical essay presents the epistemological perspectives of science, focusing on the epistemologies of the South, and brings together research in the field of affirmative action public policies. It is evident that science has demarcated for years what is valid as knowledge and excluded what is beyond the mainstream of social sciences. In other words, any scientific production outside the standards considered true and accepted and that reacts to the traditional way of doing science becomes invalid. From this perspective, the work “Epistemologias do Sul” by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and Maria Paula Meneses highlights that the modus operandi of colonialism provoked the epistemological domination of nations/peoples, in addition to other dominations, promoting the extermination of cultures and knowledge by through an extremely unequal relationship of knowledge-power-being. This theoretical essay explores how Southern epistemologies contribute to research on affirmative action public policies. This can inspire other researchers to create knowledge that fosters dialogue among diverse forms of understanding and promotes effective social inclusion. By doing so, the social sciences, especially applied ones, can strengthen efforts toward social emancipation through a collective process of knowledge production. Keywords: Southern Epistemologies; Public Policies; Affirmative Actions

The widespread use of acephate, a common insecticide, raises concerns about its potential impacts on non-target soil organisms. This study investigated the chronic effects of acephate on the reproduction of two key soil fauna species, the springtail Folsomia candida and the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus. We exposed these organisms to acephate in both natural Cambisol soil and Tropical Artificial Soil (TAS) to assess potential impacts under different environmental conditions. Our results revealed significant reductions in reproduction for both species, with effects ranging from 38% to 49% (based on control and LOEC values). Furthermore, the observed effects were dependent on both the organism and the soil type. Springtails exhibited greater sensitivity in TAS than in Cambisol (0.09 and 15.0 mg a.i. kg−1 soil dry wt, respectively) while enchytraeids were more sensitive in Cambisol than in TAS (1 and 100 mg a.i. kg−1 soil dry wt, respectively). These findings highlight the importance of considering species-specific responses and soil properties when evaluating the ecological risks of pesticides on soil fauna communities.

The family Spinturnicidae comprises 110 species, 17 recorded in Brazil. These mites are exclusively ectoparasites of bats and can be found in 13 different Chiropteran families. In this study, we provide 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and cox1 sequences for Periglischrus iheringi associated with Artibeus spp. in Brazil. We were able to identify this species based on the examination of the type specimens. In addition, the recently collected material was used to provide SEM micrographs to further assist in the characterization of this widespread species.

Evaluated different feed forms (FF), (mash or pellets), feeding systems (FS) (ad libitum or controlled) and metabolizable energy levels (ME) (2,900 kcal/kg or 2,750 kcal/kg) in rearing period 1 (7 to 12 weeks) and 2 (13 to 17 weeks). Utilized 400 brown-egg laying pullets a completely randomized design in 2x2x2 factorial arrangement (eight treatments, with five replications). In period 1, feed intake was similar (P > 0,05) between FF and between ME, however pullets fed ad libitum showed 27.5% higher intake than fed with controlled amounts (P < 0,05). Body weight (BW) differed (P < 0.05) in the FS. Feed conversion (FC) was not affected (P > 0.05) by any of the study factors. Flock uniformity was affected (P < 0.05) by FF and by FS, with an interaction between the factors (P < 0.05). The pullets fed the mash feed ad libitum had better uniformity (P < 0.05) than the pullets fed with the controlled mash feed. The pelleted feed caused the worst uniformity. In rearing period 2, feed intake was affected (P < 0.05). That pullets fed mash or pelletized feed ad libitum consumed 8g more (P < 0.05) on average, than those in the controlled FS. In the ad libitum supply, intake was higher (P < 0.05) for the mash feed than for the pelleted feed. BW and FC were not affected by any of the factors (P > 0.05). Uniformity (%) was influenced by the mash or controlled systems (P < 0.05). Between 7 and 17 weeks of age, brown-egg laying pullets need to be fed with a mashed diet in a controlled feeding system, with 2,750 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy.