Universidad de Belgrano

There is increasing evidence to show that compassion and altruism are highly beneficial when cultivated from an early age. In the present study we explore the benefits of an intervention programme that seeks to develop affective empathy, compassion and altruism in 9-year-old children from a school of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A pretest-posttest controlled study was carried out with 48 children, half of whom carried out the intervention. The remaining children, who constituted the waitlist group, participated in academic tutoring activities conducted by the same research team. The intervention was successful in promoting children's altruistic and compassionate attitudes, evidenced by the results obtained in the universal altruism test, social integration, and affective response. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large in the intervention group. These positive findings were not observed in the waitlist group (non-significant effect sizes). This study shows that children's self-awareness and awareness of others tend to foster compassion and affective empathy, contributing to individual and collective well-being.

En la década de 1990, la UE adoptó la gestión migratoria como idea política para tratar las migraciones provenientes de terceros países. Esto dio paso a un proceso de externalización del control migratorio comunitario hacia otras regiones. Existen estudios sobre los efectos de esta externalización en países africanos, del Este europeo y asiáticos. Sin embargo, América Latina y el Caribe fue desatendida por la literatura académica. Por eso, el objetivo es analizar el proceso de externalización hacia América Latina y el Caribe, a través de las líneas presupuestarias de la UE para la gestión migratoria establecidas entre 2001 y 2020. Para ello, se utiliza un corpus de documentos oficiales. Del estudio emerge que la UE posee una matriz de gestión migratoria con tres ejes: fronteras exteriores, lucha contra la inmigración “ilegal” y desarrollo. Los proyectos desarrollados en América Latina y el Caribe replicaron esa matriz y operaron como herramientas del control migratorio comunitario.

Desde la creación de la carrera de sociología en 1956, los sociológos—y especialistas afines—han mostrado una particular preferencia por hacer el balance de su propia obra. Siguiendo esa tradición, el Instituto de Sociología de la Universidad de Belgrano se propuso analizar todos los trabajos publicados por los miembros de cuatro de los principales centros de investigación en ciencias sociales de la Argentina: el Instituto de Sociología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, el Centro de Investigaciones Sociales del Instituto Torcuato Di Tella, el Departamento de Sociología de la Fundación Bariloche y el Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales (CICSO). El equipo, bajo la dirección de Ruth Sautu, esta compuesta por Silvia Blitzer, Emma Galtieri, Ana M. García y Laura Villarruel.

The objective of this essay is to suggest an interpretation of the economic behavior of women in three developing economies; this involves an evaluation of the role of the sociodemographic determinants of the female labor supply vis-à-vis the role of the variables that affect the demand for their labor. A comparative study of the female labor force in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay constitutes the basic source of empirical evidence for this paper; the purpose here is to integrate into a more general framework some of the findings of that study and infer more general propositions regarding the patterns of female employment in structurally heterogeneous economies.

La obesidad es una enfermedad metabólica, crónica y multifactorial que requiere tratamiento escalonado y multidisciplinario. La cirugía bariátrica (CB) constituye una opción de tratamiento para pacientes con obesidad severa o enfermedades metabólicas asociadas. La tasa de complicaciones agudas poscirugía es baja debido a la incorporación de las técnicas miniinvasivas y al abordaje interdisciplinario.

The conservation of biological diversity is currently a central issue in the face of increasing environmental deterioration, the impact of climate change and the models of society based on an extractivist perspective. In this context, many zoos, botanical gardens and historic aquariums have begun a transformation process to become bio parks, redefining their purposes. The objective of this article is to reflect on the role that the definition of biological collections has in these institutions today, both in the spatial arrangement of the exhibition -and therefore in the design of the tour-, as well as in the delimitation of the institutional objectives that include the implementation of ex-situ conservation programs, their articulation with the systems of protected areas and with the design of educational proposals that, under various formats of environmental education, understand the work with schools and the visiting public. From a conservationist perspective that supports the need for a sustainable model of development and redistribution of wealth, it is relevant to redefine the role of these institutions.

This paper discusses the opposition between, on the one hand, the subject and their causation by structure and language and, on the other hand, subjectivity and its production by power and history; opposition that is evident in some current psychoanalytical perspectives. For the purpose of this discussion, it analyzes the works of Nietzsche and Freud, particularly their conception of power. This conception will pose the genesis of the subject from a standpoint, which proposes a relation between structure and history free from the transcendent and antithetical criteria that have prevailed in the treatment of this issue.

The Ecuadorian government, as part of the Open Government Partnership, has committed to incorporate mechanisms to enhance the transparency of public information, accountability, and expand the scope of citizen participation in the government. However, current policy and regulations on transparency regarding the opening of public information throughout 2016 and 2020, find limitations to execute mechanisms that fulfill the principles of open government. This article addresses a study of indicators (analyzed through qualitative methodology as well as the results introduced by government entities that used quantitative methodology( to evaluate the levels of transparency in delivering information. The role of promoting openness of information to stimulate transparency and citizen participation, as constitutive elements of open government, is analyzed. It is concluded that to consolidate open government policies, while providing compliance with current regulations on transparency, it is essential to advance in the introduction of technological infrastructure through a scheme of business management. The final goal would be to arrive to a state of complete openness of public information.

Literature mainly focuses the adaptation of any requirements engineering process on the possible variations of elicitation techniques, mainly due to information sources characteristics. However, these particularities, usually called situational factors, are seldom considered in other activities of the requirements process. Most situational factors, when considered in software projects, have a high influence on the requirements process. Therefore, the different situations that may attempt against or may favor a successful requirements process should be identified at the beginning of the project. Additionally, some of such factors may evolve along software development life cycle; this should motivate a reengineering of the requirements process at some strategic milestones. In this chapter, a process for constructing and dynamically adapting a requirements process is proposed, focusing on the evolving factors. The process follows rules based on different combinations of situational factors at specific control points and manages a repository of process blocks to perform the tailoring.

El presente trabajo analizará el tratamiento fiscal en Argentina atribuible a las operaciones de compraventa de activos inmuebles tokenizados. Se estudiará el marco tributario actual, post reforma del año 2018, haciendo énfasis en el impuesto nacional a las Ganancias y en el impuesto provincial sobre los ingresos brutos. De esta forma, se intentará arribar a un posible encuadre normativo de la actividad mencionada.

A useful QSAR model was developed to predict the antichagas activity for 760 fenarimol analogues obtained from the ChEMBL database, which are considered as very active and selective inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Various molecular descriptor programs provided a large number of 67,116 non-conformational molecular descriptors that were analyzed through multivariable linear regressions and the Replacement Method technique. Through these descriptors, the quantification of the structure-activity relationship achieves an acceptable statistical quality for compounds having experimental activity. The present work provides a prospective guide for predicting the inhibitory activity against T. cruzi of structurally-related fenarimol compounds.

Online parenting training programs have shown to be effective. However, no studies on parent training programs delivered through chatbots have been reported yet. Aim. This study aims to assess the feasibility of delivering parenting skills through a chatbot. Methods. A sample of 33 parents completed a pilot feasibility study. Engagement, knowledge, net-promoters score and qualitative responses were analyzed. Results. A total of 778% of the sample completed the intervention. On average, participants remembered 3.7 skills out of the 5 presented and reported that they would recommend the chatbot to other parents (net promoter score was 7.44; SD = 2.31 out of 10). Overall, parents sent a mean of 54.24 (SD = 13.5) messages to the chatbot, and the mean number of words per message was 3. Main themes parents discussed with the chatbot included issues regarding their child’s habits, handling disruptive behaviors, interpersonal development, and emotional difficulties. Parents generally commented on the usefulness of the intervention and suggested improvements to the chatbot’s communication style. Conclusions. Overall, users completed the intervention, engaged with the bot, and would recommend the intervention to others. This suggests parenting skills could be delivered via chatbots.

Early English language teaching has experienced steady growth in Argentina over the last two decades, expanding into diverse sectors, including state-run schools. It has responded to social demand and resulted in an increased number of learners across different contexts. This recent expansion builds on a tradition dating back to the early twentieth century that incorporated, as a central component, the specialised education of language teachers, at a time when this was uncommon elsewhere. The current scenario, or English language teaching ecosystem, as we call it herein, is one of increasing complexity and cross-pollination within the sector. However, it is not a perfectly harmonious ecosystem, especially as it struggles to maintain a sufficient supply of teachers and specifically designed teaching materials and other resources. This paper presents a review of the tradition of early English language teaching in Argentina, with a specific focus on programmes of teacher education, the recent expansion in provision and its main characteristics, and the challenges associated with continued expansion.

Introducción: La cadena productiva acuícola del departamento de Nariño (Colombia) genera trabajo y empleo, seguridad alimentaria y oportunidades de exportación, sin embargo, no involucra procesos adecuados para gestionar los residuos derivados. Desde el año 2015 a 2018 se generaron 1.040 toneladas de vísceras de trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) en Pasto y 1.386 toneladas de cabeza y exoesqueleto de camarón (Litopenaeus) en Tumaco. Objetivo: de este artículo es identificar desde la perspectiva de los principios de bioeconomía y planeación participativa, estrategias que promuevan la valorización de los residuos truchícolas y camaroneros. Materiales y métodos: en la primera etapa se revisó los principales instrumentos de planeación para la acuicultura y pesca y se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada a los actores productivos, institucionales y académicos relacionados, y Estrategias de Planeación para la Valorización Sostenible de Residuos Truchícolas y Camaroneros en Nariño en la segunda etapa se aplicó la Metodología de Marco Lógico (MML), todo en el año 2020. Resultados: arrojan la pertinencia de desarrollar tres componentes estratégicos en el mediano plazo en el ámbito técnico-productivo, ambiental y organizacional, tanto en Pasto como en Tumaco: 1) modelos productivos y tecnificados de aprovechamiento de residuos, 2) condiciones para la producción acuícola y valorización de residuos en función de los ecosistemas, y 3) desarrollo comunitario y socio empresarial auto-sostenibles. Conclusiones: existe voluntad de los actores sociales involucrados en la cadena acuícola para emprender procesos de investigación, planeación y aprovechamiento técnico y biológico de vísceras de trucha en el corregimiento del Encano (Pasto) y de camarón en el municipio de Tumaco.

In recent decades, the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) in therapeutics has been one of the main fields of activity in the bioelectromagnetics arena. Nevertheless, progress in this area has been hindered by the lack of consensus on a biophysical mechanism of interaction that can satisfactorily explain how low‐level, non‐thermal electromagnetic fields would be able to sufficiently affect chemistry as to elicit biological effects in living organisms. This specifically applies in cases where the induced electric fields are too small to generate a biological response of any consequence. A growing body of experimental observations that would explain the nature of these effects speaks strongly about the involvement of a theory known as the radical pair mechanism (RPM). This mechanism explains how a pair of reactive oxygen species with distinct chemical fate can be influenced by a low‐level external magnetic field through Zeeman and hyperfine interactions. So far, a study of the effects of complex spatiotemporal signals within the context of the RPM has not been performed. Here, we present a computational investigation of such effects by utilizing a generic PEMF test signal and RPM models of different complexity. Surprisingly, our results show how substantially different chemical results can be obtained within ranges that depend on the specific orientation of the PEMF test signal with respect to the background static magnetic field, its waveform, and both of their amplitudes. These results provide a basis for explaining the distinctive biological relevance of PEMF signals on radical pair chemical reactions.

In this text, I will present reflections on the relationship between individual trauma and collective trauma and the consideration of the pandemic as both a natural and a social catastrophe in which damage to health is added to damage in the rupture of social and relational bonds. Vicissitudes that Argentine families, particularly those in Buenos Aires, went through during the compulsory lockdown and the work of psychoanalysts both in remote analysis with children and parents, as well as in interventions proposed for the community will be presented. Theoretical and conceptual descriptions will be offered together with examples from clinical material and community institutional experiences and collected data.