Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento

Studies on academic literacy (Carlino, 2013) began in Latin America at the turn of the 20th century when universities from different countries created academic reading and writing workshops aimed at first-year university students. Implementing these courses responded to the need to integrate an increasing number of students who are mostly first-generation university students in their families (CEPAL, 2007). The expansion of the university system was particularly favored in Argentina with the establishment of twenty-nine new national public universities from the 1990s (Chiroleu, 2018). In this context, the initiatives on academic literacy have mainly focused on first-year students’ “writing difficulties.” Gradually, different research lines have been conducted, and new curricular spaces were dedicated to teaching and learning the different genres seen across the university curriculum (Carlino, 2013; Natale, 2013). Despite these advances, the processes university students in Latin America go through in their transition to professional life seem to be an incipient research problem (Natale et al., 2021). Yet, this issue has been addressed in the North American tradition for more than two decades (Artemeva, 2005; 2008; 2009; Bazerman, 1988; Bazerman & Russell, 2003; Berkenkotter et al., 1991; Dias et al., 1999; Ketter & Hunter, 2003; Russell, 1997). To address this issue, in this chapter, we explore how students and graduates who start their activities in professional contexts approach genres (Bazerman, 1994; 2004a; 2004b) and the written production of specific texts. Likewise, we are interested in researching the writing knowledge built at university that both students and graduates put into practice and what new understanding and reflections on genres and writing they develop in professional contexts. To do this, we interviewed senior students and recent graduates from two academic programs at the National University of General Sarmiento (UNGS). These novices performed professional activities related to their study programs in different public institutions connected with the UNGS. This type of inquiry is relevant for different reasons. Firstly, it can provide data on the typical genres and literate activities in the workplace. Secondly, it can gather meaningful information to include writing in the design of the curricula in professional academic programs. In the following sections, we contextualize the study and explain the methodology used and the concepts that support the analysis of the interviews. After examining how such issues are represented in the interviews, we offer some closing remarks.

Between 2019 and 2020, during the country’s hottest and driest year on record, Australia experienced a dramatic bushfire season, with catastrophic ecological and environmental consequences. Several studies highlighted how such abrupt changes in fire regimes may have been in large part a consequence of climate change and other anthropogenic transformations. Here, we analyze the monthly evolution of the burned area in Australia from 2000 to 2020, obtained via satellite imaging through the MODIS platform. We find that the 2019-2020 peak is associated with signatures typically found near critical points. We introduce a modeling framework based on forestfire models to study the properties of these emergent fire outbreaks, showing that the behavior observed during the 2019-2020 fire season matches the one of a percolation transition, where system-size outbreaks appear. Our model also highlights the existence of an absorbing phase transition that might be eventually crossed, after which the vegetation cannot recover

El artículo se enmarca en un estudio de casos múltiples, realizado en la región educativa IX de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-Argentina, orientado al análisis de las continuidades y discontinuidades de las trayectorias escolares en las transiciones primaria/secundaria y secundaria/superior, a partir del análisis de la evaluación de los aprendizajes. Este trabajo, presenta los resultados obtenidos sobre el estudio de uno de los casos, sobre las formas de evaluar los aprendizajes en el área de matemática entre el último año del primario y el primer año del secundario. Se tuvieron en cuenta, el punto de vista de los docentes, las percepciones de estudiantes y el análisis comparado de documentos normativos escolares (diseño curricular y régimen académico de cada nivel). El trabajo permite ilustrar las múltiples dimensiones en juego en el pasaje de un nivel a otro y sugiere algunos temas para mejorar las condiciones que garanticen trayectorias escolares continuas.

Lochs’ theorem and its generalizations are conversion theorems that relate the number of digits determined in one expansion of a real number as a function of the number of digits given in some other expansion. In its original version, Lochs’ theorem related decimal expansions with continued fraction expansions. Such conversion results can also be stated for sequences of interval partitions under suitable assumptions, with results holding almost everywhere, or in measure, involving the entropy. This is the viewpoint we develop here. In order to deal with sequences of partitions beyond positive entropy, this paper introduces the notion of log-balanced sequences of partitions, together with their weight functions. These are sequences of interval partitions such that the logarithms of the measures of their intervals at each depth are roughly the same. We then state Lochs-type theorems which work even in the case of zero entropy, in particular for several important log-balanced sequences of partitions of a number-theoretic nature.

Este artículo analiza el proceso de emergencia de los satélites ARSAT-1 y 2 abordando i) su proceso de planeamiento, ii) la posterior construcción, y iii) la venta de servicios de telecomunicaciones satelitales que proviene de estos desarrollos tecnológicos. Del proceso de planeamiento son analizadas en este foro, tanto la prosa del Plan Satelital Geoestacionario Argentino, como su proceso de implementación inconcluso. Asimismo, son abordados los vínculos estrechos que existieron entre la dinámica política argentina y la relevancia relativa de esta iniciativa en la agenda argentina de gobierno. Controversias y discrepancias entre los actores vinculados al desarrollo de una muy incipiente industria satelital argentina permiten, por un lado, explicar dicha interrupción de trayectoria y, por otro, estimar qué tipo de esfuerzo (en términos de coordinación de acciones venidera) será necesario para poder volver a planificar proyectos satelitales de telecomunicaciones. Este trabajo se propuso estudiar la dinámica política relacionada con esta embrionaria industria satelital argentina vis-à-vis sus desarrollos tecnológicos y prácticas de gestión para la comercialización de servicios de telecomunicaciones.

El trabajo busca abordar las características principales del escenario reciente de las empresas públicas provinciales en Argentina en el marco de las transformaciones del rol estatal y el federalismo en las últimas décadas. Se parte de una caracterización general del sector público empresarial provincial a partir de diferentes dimensiones relevantes y se identifican los orígenes de las empresas provinciales existentes en la actualidad en vistas a esbozar algunas claves explicativas sobre su conformación y derrotero reciente. Con ese fin, se utilizaron fuentes primarias y secundarias de diversa índole que derivaron en la construcción de una base de datos propia de empresas públicas provinciales. Como resultado, se identificaron algunas características relevantes (distribución territorial desigual, amplia variedad de actividades económicas y predominio de formatos jurídicos flexibles). Asimismo, se examinaron las sucesivas etapas de surgimiento de las empresas provinciales actualmente existentes y sus posibles vinculaciones con los cambios producidos a nivel general.

Analysing municipal solid waste (MSW) management scenarios is relevant for planning future policies and actions toward a circular economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is appropriate for evaluating technologies of MSW treatment and their environmental impacts. However, in developing countries, advanced assessments are difficult to introduce due to the lack of technical knowledge, data, and financial support. This research aims to assess the main potentialities of the introduction of waste-to-energy (WtE) systems in a developing Argentinean urban area taking into account the existing regulations about MSW recycling goals. The study was conducted with WRATE software and the proposed scenarios were: current management, grate incineration of raw MSW, incineration of solid recovered fuel (SRF). In addition, a sensitivity analysis on the energy matrix was included. It was found that the production of SRF allows increasing the energy generation from waste by 200% and reducing the environmental impact of about 10% regarding the current MSW management system. Acidification Potential and Abiotic Depletion Potential were sensitive to changes in electricity mix. Results showed that if MSW reduction goals are achieved, changes in MSW composition will affect the performance of WtE plants and, in some cases, they will be not technically feasible. The outcomes of this study can be of interest for developing countries stakeholders, and practitioners interested in LCA and sustainable MSW management.

Interactions between organisms are diverse and attend to multiple biological demands; hence, understanding ecological communities requires considering different types of species interactions beyond predation. In this work, we assembled the non-trophic networks of a marine Antarctic ecosystem for the first time. We report mutualistic (+ / +), competitive (− / −), commensalistic (+ /0) and amensalistic (− /0) interactions between species of the Potter Cove marine community (South Shetland Is., Antarctica). Based on a network approach, we present a full description of each type of interaction and analyze its distribution according to different species-level properties. Also, we constructed a multiple interactions network including trophic and non-trophic interactions and studied network-level properties. We found more than double non-trophic interactions than trophic mostly corresponding to competitive interactions that mainly involve mid-trophic level species. Low-trophic level species were mainly involved in mutualistic and amensalistic interactions. We observed that single-type interaction networks display differences in their topology. Finally, we highlight that including a description of species interactions in ecological network analyses provides a better understanding of ecosystems which it is crucial to comprehend and predict ecosystems responses to environmental changes.

In previous work, we presented a model that integrates cancer cell differentiation and immunotherapy, analysing a particular therapy against cancer stem cells by cytotoxic cell vaccines. As every biological system is exposed to random fluctuations, is important to incorporate stochasticity in the models to adequate their behaviour to experimental observations. Thus, we propose a necessary upgrade to the former model incorporating fluctuations in it. On the one hand, we added multiplicative noise throughout the proposed system, and on the other, we specifically analysed the influence of demographic and multiplicative noise on the parameters of reproduction and death in cancer cells. In both cases, we studied the dynamics for different values of the parameters involved. It was observed that the final number of cancer cells decreases for different combinations of these parameters and noise intensity.

Since its inception as a global pandemic, COVID-19 has been the subject of multiple appropriations around the world. With the possibility of writing and sharing information open due to current technological developments and digital media, a series of publications focused on reflecting on the impact of the pandemic around the world circulated during the first months of 2020. The aim of this article is to analyze these publications, taking them as a valuable input to delve into the reflections that, from culture and social sciences, emerged on the pandemic. What can these articles show us, already more than two years after being published? What were the main ideas, concerns and diagnoses? Beyond these questions, we are also interested in investigating the construction of a network of meanings and notions that began to be associated with the disease and that, in its pandemic context, we believe is highly relevant to understanding the meanings that were incorporated into this new virus as it spread across the globe.

RESUMEN La presente propuesta – fundamentalmente de carácter descriptivo – tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca de las vinculaciones entre la tendencia de los debates académicos en Argentina y en el período 1990-2018; y el tipo de Estado predominante. Para ello, en primera instancia, se caracterizarán las orientaciones temáticas (burocracia, reforma del Estado y administrativa, fiscalidad estatal, políticas públicas, regulación y control de los servicios públicos, empresas públicas, entre otros) que han tenido las discusiones y debates sobre el Estado y la administración pública en el ámbito académico en Argentina en el período mencionado. Período que se ha caracterizado por diferentes tipos de Estado: primero, el Estado neoliberal y posteriormente, el Estado neodesarrollista e intervencionista en lo económico y social, conectados por un Estado considerado transicional como el que se extendió entre 2001 y 2003. Para el logro de este objetivo, se relevaron y clasificaron trabajos académicos de diversas bases de datos correspondientes a revistas científicas del campo de la Ciencia Política y la Administración Pública; bibliotecas especializadas; y ponencias presentadas en congresos de la especialidad.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de implementación de las políticas de género y diversidad en las empresas públicas en Argentina durante el período 2020-2021. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con una estrategia de investigación mixta en donde, por un lado, se relevaron aportes teóricos y de base empírica y normativas que tienen incidencia en la implementación de políticas de género y diversidad en las empresas públicas y, por el otro, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a personas de las propias empresas encargadas de llevarlas adelante. Específicamente, en este trabajo se presentan los principales hallazgos de la primera etapa de entrevistas organizados a partir de tres ejes de análisis: principales problemáticas de género identificadas en las empresas, grado de institucionalización de los espacios de género existentes y estrategias desarrolladas, obstáculos y desafíos para la implementación de acciones de género. Finalmente, se analiza cómo la naturaleza híbrida de este tipo de organizaciones y la relación con las autoridades ministeriales pueden favorecer y aportar a la singularidad que asume la implementación de acciones de género.

The design of Artificial Neural Networks is usually complex given the number of hyperparameters and predictors to be determined with crossed sensitivities. In the case of air quality, several antecedents seek to predict concentrations of pollutants, but generally, it is done with default Neural Network parameters and predictors selected with expert knowledge, which biases the results. In regions with scarce air quality measurements, this problem is even more complex. This study aims to explore and present a novel methodology for the design of a Multilayer Perceptron-type Neural Network for particulate matter prediction. Non-linear machine learning hybrid methods are implemented for the selection of predictors using a testing bench Perceptron and Self-Organizing Maps. The final model showed a better fit (correlation coefficient of 0.88 during the testing stage with new data and an root mean squared error of 1.8 µgm⁻³) than an expert model trained for the same study case and can be adapted for other regions and in other fields of study.

This article aims at contributing to the current literature on poverty data limitations and measurement by discussing the process for producing the first multidimensional poverty measure based on the consensual approach for the City of Buenos Aires. The results show a remarkable level of consensus about the necessities of life in the twenty-first century, underline the importance of generating more suitable indicators of deprivation and show that unmet basic needs-type variables are no longer adequate for measuring poverty in countries like Argentina. According to the valid and reliable poverty index, 20.3% of the city’s population live in households in multidimensionally poor households, this being the social dimension that shows the highest deprivation rate.

In this paper, I argue for a pragmatic theory of the motivations behind the practice of defining concepts in philosophy. The “correct” definition in philosophy is not, as is usually supposed, the definition that accurately describes some pre-philosophical meaning, but the definition which is useful for the achievement of certain theoretical goals. I consider different examples of definitional debates from the history of philosophy. The analysis of these examples also evidences why philosophers do not usually grant the incidence of pragmatic reason in their conceptual investigations. At the end of the paper, I provide some reasons that explain why the incidence of pragmatic reasons is inevitable.

El problema de la adopción (Padró, 2015), según el cual es imposible adoptar una lógica, sugiere la idea de que la práctica de inferir es conceptualmente prioritaria a la lógica entendida como teoría. Este problema representa un desafío para la concepción antiexcepcionalista de la lógica, que entiende a los principios lógicos como meras hipótesis o como creencias sujetas a revisión. Desde nuestra perspectiva, el principal problema de esta concepción ha sido dejar abierta la pregunta sobre la naturaleza de la práctica de inferir. Sin embargo, nos parece completamente posible responder esta pregunta dentro del marco teórico antiexcepcionalista. En este trabajo desarrollamos una concepción naturalista de la práctica de inferir que viene a llenar el vacío dejado por el antiexcepcionalismo tradicional; y a su vez responde al desafío lanzado por el problema de la adopción.

Roger Chartier y las migraciones históricas de la cultura escrita

Let G be a connected graph with V(G)={v1,…,vn}. The (i,j)-entry of the distance matrix D(G) of G is the distance between vi and vj. In this article, using the well-known Ramsey’s theorem, we prove that for each integer k≥2, there is a finite amount of graphs whose distance matrices have rank k. We exhibit the list of graphs with distance matrices of rank 2 and 3. Besides, we study the rank of the distance matrices of graphs belonging to a family of graphs with their diameters at most two, the trivially perfect graphs. We show that for each η≥1 there exists a trivially perfect graph with nullity η. We also show that for threshold graphs, which are a subfamily of the family of trivially perfect graphs, the nullity is bounded by one.

Sustainability in irrigation has become a major concern as water scarcity threatens sustainable development. In the present study, an Irrigation Sustainability Index (ISI) has been developed and proposed for application in agricultural basins. The ISI uses indicators of four dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, institutional, and environmental, and it was tested in the Segura River Basin in southeastern Spain. The results evidence the (un)sustainability of the system in 17 out of the 62 irrigation districts in the Segura Basin, mainly due to farmers’ low income, the overexploitation of aquifers, and the high demand for water for crops. On the other hand, 45 out of 62 irrigation districts showed moderate and high irrigation sustainability, mostly located along the Segura River and other streams, in the so-called “traditional agroecosystems”. The index application evidenced the prioritization of economic over environmental aspects and generated data to develop future policies in the region.