Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla

Delirium is a common neurological complication in patients with advanced heart failure (ADHF) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, significantly impacting recovery. This study aimed to analyze non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain in ADHF patients undergoing LVAD implantation to determine the association between pre-existing brain atrophy and postoperative delirium. A study involving 166 ADHF patients was conducted from March 2020 to July 2023. Non-contrast CT scans were analyzed using advanced quantitative neuroimaging techniques before implantation. The primary marker assessed was the lateral ventricle fraction (LVF), with secondary markers including cortical gray matter fraction (cGMF), white matter fraction (WMF), basal ganglia fraction (BGF), and thalamus fraction (TLF). A total of 56 patients (33%) experienced postoperative delirium within two weeks of implantation. Patients with delirium were older and exhibited greater brain atrophy, indicated by higher LVF and lower cGMF, WMF, BGF, and TLF values. The occurrence of delirium was strongly associated with age, and ventricular enlargement, primarily in the lateral ventricles. LVF effectively predicted delirium development, regardless of age. Preoperative brain volumetric analysis, particularly of the lateral ventricles, may be crucial in identifying patients at risk for postoperative delirium, enhancing postoperative management, and improving outcomes for LVAD recipients.

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a viable therapeutic approach in patients with autoimmune diseases. Since June 2015, we have autografted on an outpatient basis 1700 aHSCT patients. The objective was to analyze the salient features of early post-aHSCT complications when performed in the outpatient setting. The primary endpoints were early morbi-mortality-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS), whereas secondary endpoints entailed hospital admissions, neutropenic fever, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) flare-up, pneumothorax, hyponatremia and myocarditis. Following the “Mexican Method”; 1700 consecutive aHSCT recipients were analyzed: 1667 with MS, 29 with CIDP and 4 with other autoimmune diseases. A total of 1643 (96.6%) grafts were fully completed in the outpatient setting. The 30-day MFS and 30-day OS were 87.7% and 99.8%, respectively. The 30-day MFS has increased from 94.9% in the first 5 years to 98.2% in the last 5 years (p = 0.0002). The 28-day mortality was 0.17%, whereas the 28-day morbidity was 3.3%. The rate of early complications decreased over time, most likely reflecting a learning curve effect. These data support that employing our method is safe in the short term; as this has been done in a ‘trial’ setting, further research is needed.

In Mexico, there are 29 native species of the genus Hymenocallis, including H. glauca, which is characterized by a bulb that stores carbohydrates, giving energy for the emergence of foliage and floral scapes; it is the most cultivated species and holds economic value as a potted plant and cut flower (Leszczyñska-Borys and Borys, 2001). In September 2024, a survey was conducted at the Center for Research in Horticulture and Native Plants (18°55'55.6"N 98°24'01.4"W) at UPAEP University, where there was an average temperature of 25 °C and 75% relative humidity (RH) for 10 consecutive days. Approximately 30-day old H. glauca seedlings exhibited symptoms of root and bulb rot in a 0.4 ha area, with a 45% disease incidence. Symptoms included root and bulb rot with constriction at the base of the bulb and the presence of brown mycelia. Symptomatic tissues from 50 seedlings were collected, cut into 5 mm pieces, sterilized with 3% NaClO for a minute, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and placed in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Samples were incubated in the dark for six days at 28 °C. An isolate was obtained from each diseased seedling using the hyphal tip method. After six days, the colonies consisted of white mycelium that turned brown with age. Right-angle branching hyphae were observed, with slight constriction at the base of the branches. The hyphae were multinucleate, containing four to nine nuclei per cell. After 15 days, some isolates produced dark brown sclerotia. Based on these morphological characteristics, isolates were tentatively identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Parmeter, 1970). To confirm the anastomosis group (AG), two isolates (RsHg4 and RsHg8) were selected for molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted using the CTAB protocol. The ITS region was amplified and sequenced (White et al. 1990) in both isolates, and the sequences were identical. Thus, only the sequence of isolate RsHg8 was deposited in GenBank (PQ524600). BLAST analysis of the partial ITS sequence (639 bp) showed 99.84% similarity with R. solani AG 2-1 isolate (GenBank: JF792354) (Mercado et al. 2012). Phylogenetic analysis of AGs sequences allowed assignment of the isolate RsHg8 to the AG 2-1 clade. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 50 30-day old H. glauca seedlings, grown in pots with sterile substrate. A 5 mm diameter PDA plug colonized with mycelium from the RsHg8 isolate was placed on each bulb, 10 mm below the soil surface. For control treatment, a PDA plug without fungal growth was placed on the bulb of 25 seedlings. The inoculated seedlings were incubated in a greenhouse at 28 °C and 90% RH. After six days, inoculated seedlings showed root and bulb rot with constriction at the base of the bulb. No symptoms were observed in controls. Fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated seedlings and characterized both morphologically and molecularly, yielding identical results as described above and identified as R. solani AG 2-1, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. Pathogenicity tests were repeated thrice. R. solani AG 2-1 has been reported infecting Allium tuberosum in Hokkaido, Japan (Misawa and Kuninaga, 2013), and Allium cepa in Morrow, Oregon (Patzek et al. 2013). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG 2-1 causing root and bulb rot in H. glauca in Mexico. Data on diseases affecting this plant is scarce, highlighting the importance of this research in developing integrated management strategies and preventing pathogen spread.

Auxetic materials are special materials because of their macro-geometry having a negative Poisson’s ratio. When force is applied to an axial axis, it compresses it and has lateral contractions. Due to these factors, they show unusual mechanical properties compared to conventional materials, which can be applied to absorbing shocks and acoustic insulation. This research aims to design, print, and analyze the acoustic insulation at different compressions of an auxetic structure. The design was made in CAD and the model was 3D printed with a TPU elastomer. The analysis was divided into two parts: a compression test and a study performed in a four-microphone impedance tube. The auxetic structure was placed in the middle of the tube, supported by a press to compress it. Unidirectionally, different frequencies of sound waves were applied to determine and to explain its acoustic properties in different deformations.

Suicide is defined as the act of a person attempting to take their own life by causing death. Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a multitude of factors, including psychosocial, cultural, and religious aspects, as well as genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors. From a biochemical perspective, it is crucial to consider the communication between the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems when studying the etiology of suicide. Several pathologies involve the bidirectional communication between the peripheral activity and the central nervous system by the action of molecules such as cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters. These humoral signals, when present in optimal quantities, are responsible for maintaining physiological homeostasis, including mood states. Stress elevates the cortisol and proinflammatory cytokines levels and alter neurotransmitters balance, thereby increasing the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder and subsequently the risk of suicidal behavior. This review provides an integrative perspective about the neurochemical, immunological, and endocrinological disturbances associated with suicidal behavior, with a particular focus on those alterations that may serve as potential risk markers and/or indicators of the state preceding such a tragic act.

Bacchiaris conferta Kunth, a native plant used in traditional Mexican medicine, is now considered an important source for drug discovery and development, as it produces metabolites of pharmacological interest. In May 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed in B. conferta plants growing in the Iztaccihuatl–Popocatepetl National Park. The disease incidence was 80%, while the severity was 12%. Diseased samples were collected to isolate the fungi associated with the disease. The recovered isolates were categorized by morphotypes, and a single isolate was randomly selected to be culturally and molecularly characterized, as well as to demonstrate its pathogenicity. According to the findings, the organisms responsible for leaf blight in wild B. conferta plants are Arcopilus cupreus (L.M. Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson and Lophodermium pini-excelsae S. Ahmad. This is the first report of Arcopilus cupreus and Lophodermium pini-excelsae causing leaf blight in B. conferta plants.

Cyanide leaching is the most common process for gold extraction through selective gold dissolution by cyanide solutions (cyanidation process) (Verbrugge et al., Geoforum. 126:267–276, 2021; Brüger et al., Sci. Total Environ. 627:1167–1173, 2018).

Gestational diabetes (GD) is a multifactorial disease involving hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory factors, among which cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play key roles in immune regulation and tissue repair during pregnancy and postpartum. The aim of this study was to compare serum IL-6, IL-18, and MCP-1 concentrations in postpartum women with and without GD and to analyze sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy-related complications. A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 postpartum women (16 GD and 16 controls). Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Serum cytokine levels were measured using the bead-based LEGENDplex™ assay (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v9.0 (Dotmatics, Boston, MA, USA) with significance at p < 0.05. Women with gestational diabetes showed significant differences in sociodemographic factors, including higher rates of smoking (5, 31.2%) and alcohol consumption (4, 25%). Pregnancy complications such as hypertension (2, 12.5%), premature rupture of membranes (2, 12.5%), and macrosomia (5, 31.2%) were more common in the gestational diabetes group. Serum IL-6 and MCP-1 levels were significantly reduced in the gestational diabetes group compared with the control group, while IL-18 levels were not significantly different. Postpartum women with gestational diabetes have a unique inflammatory profile characterized by reduced IL-6 and MCP-1 levels. Furthermore, differences in sociodemographic factors and increased pregnancy-related complications highlight the multifactorial nature of gestational diabetes. These findings emphasize the need for further research to understand its long-term clinical impact.

Background Visceral obesity (VATob) increases the risk for many diseases. Central obesity has been associated with an augmented prescription use; however, there is a paucity of research focused on VATob. Here, the aim was to evaluate the association between VATob and prescription use. Methods Data was collected from the NHANES dataset (2011–2018). Visceral adipose tissue was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and VATob was defined as ≥100 cm². Prescription use was collected from the RXQ_RX files and classified according to Vademecum. Association between VATob and prescription use was determined with logistic regression and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results 10,952 participants (weighted: 121,090,702) were included, in which 41.8% were VATob and 52.0% of them had ≥1 prescription. Overall, VATob demonstrated an augmented rate of prescription use when compared to non-VATob (52.0% versus 36.7%, p<0.001), specifically with metabolic (4.5-fold increase), cardiovascular (3.9-fold increase), gastrointestinal (2.5-fold increase), and hematopoietic agents (2.3-fold increase). This was associated with increased the risk for overall prescription use (ORoverall = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.7–2.1, p<0.001). Similar results were observed with metabolic and cardiovascular agents. However, when stratified by BMI, normal weight participants (ORmetabolic = 10.4; 95%CI: 6.5–16.6 & ORcardiovascular = 7.0; 95%CI: 4.4–11.1, p<0.001) had a greater risk than the overweight (ORmetabolic = 4.1; 95%CI: 3.0–5.6 & ORcardiovascular = 3.4; 95%CI: 2.5–4.7, p<0.001) or obese participants (ORmetabolic = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.3–5.3 & ORcardiovascular = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.5–4.9, p<0.001). Conclusion VATob is associated with augmented prescription use, particularly with cardiovascular and metabolic agents. This association was higher for normal weight participants.

Background: IgG4-related disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, ‘storiform’ fibrosis, and elevated IgG4 levels in affected tissues. This disease has a broad and heterogeneous clinical spectrum that includes four main phenotypes: pancreatic–hepatobiliary disease, retroperitoneal/aortic fibrosis, head and neck disease, and Mikulicz syndrome. Case Description: An 85-year-old male patient with a clinical presentation, which is unusual outside Asia, of IgG4-related disease phenotype Mikulicz syndrome, characterized by bilateral dacryoadenitis, orbital pseudotumor, and no evidence of significant systemic participation. Despite extensive involvement in the orbital and glandular region, the patient did not develop serious organ complications, a behavior rarely documented in the literature. Despite the serum IgG4 levels being normal (<135 mg/dL), the clinical and radiological picture suggested IgG4-RD, emphasizing the need for a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological examination revealed a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and more than 40% IgG4-positive cells, confirming the diagnosis. Results: Treatment with prednisone was initiated alongside azathioprine for long-term control. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation were added to prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Remarkable clinical improvement was observed within 24 h, with progressive orbital and glandular symptoms resolution. Over a year, the patient exhibited complete resolution of the orbital tumors, total recovery of vision, and no relapses. The only sequelae observed were dry eye. Conclusions: This case highlights the need to consider IgG4-RD with normal serum IgG4 levels, the importance of histopathology for diagnosis, and the efficacy of steroids as first-line treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for timely treatment.

We aimed to determine the relaxant pathway of seventeen synthetic compounds derived from coumarin‐3‐carboxamide. An isolated rat aorta assay was used. To determine the vasorelaxant mode of action, receptor blockers and specific enzyme inhibitors involved in endothelial and smooth muscle signaling pathways were used. The compounds 2, 4, and 5 showed higher activity than the other compounds. N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME; 10 µM) and methylene blue (MB; 10 µM) significantly inhibited the relaxant effect of the compounds 2, 4, and 5 (P ≤ 0.05), but not tetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 mM), indomethacin (10 µM), or atropine (1 µM). The compounds 2, 4, and 5 abated the contraction induced by CaCl2. The compounds 2, 4, and 5 exert a relaxing effect through the NO/cGMP pathway activation and by blocking Ca2+ channels of the cell membrane. These findings propose coumarin‐3‐carboxamides as new drug entities with potential to develop non‐clinical and clinical.

In this work, we use the quantum potential approach to quantum mechanics to show that the Madelung–Bohm trajectories for a particle in a constant gravitational field can be related to those of a free particle by means of a quantum point transformation defined in the extended configuration space. We find that the point transformation also gives a connection between the corresponding quantum Hamiltonians determined by the solutions of the corresponding Schrödinger equations for these two problems. We show that the Madelung–Bohm trajectories determined by the stationary solutions to the Schrödinger equation for the particle in a constant gravitational field are straight ones, while the corresponding ones for the free particle are parabolic trajectories. The Airy beam is one example of this type of solution. We study the properties of a solution to the Schrödinger equation for a free particle with phase singularities (zeroes), and we find that the corresponding solution to the Schrödinger equation for the particle in a constant gravitational field also has zeroes at the same spacetime points. However, the Madelung–Bohm trajectories determined by the two solutions are totally different. Furthermore, we remark that similar results can be directly obtained for the paraxial wave equation.

The production cross section of inclusive isolated photons has been measured by the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at centre-of-momentum energy of $\sqrt{s} =13$ s = 13 TeV collected during the LHC Run 2 data-taking period. The measurement is performed by combining the measurements of the electromagnetic calorimeter EMCal and the central tracking detectors ITS and TPC, covering a pseudorapidity range of $|\eta ^{\gamma }|<0.67$ | η γ | < 0.67 and a transverse momentum range of $7 7 < p T γ < 200 GeV/$c$c . The result extends to lower$p_\textrm{T}^{\gamma }$p T γ and$x_\textrm{T}^{\gamma } = 2p_\textrm{T}^{\gamma }/\sqrt{s} $x T γ = 2 p T γ / s ranges, the lowest$x_\textrm{T}^{\gamma }$x T γ of any isolated photon measurements to date, extending significantly those measured by the ATLAS and CMS experiments towards lower$p_\textrm{T}^{\gamma } p T γ at the same collision energy with a small overlap between the measurements. The measurement is compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and the results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments as well as with measurements at other collision energies. The measurement and theory prediction are in agreement with each other within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.