Universidad Isabel I

Background The distribution of time across physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep appears to be essential for the management of obesity. However, the impact of reallocating time among these behaviors, collectively known as 24-h movement behaviors, remains underexplored. Objective This study examines the theoretical effects of reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviors on obesity indicators across different age groups. Methods We performed a pooled data meta-analysis of 9818 participants from 11 observational and experimental studies. To estimate the time spent in movement behaviors, we reprocessed and harmonized individual-level raw accelerometer-derived data. Isotemporal substitution models estimated theoretical changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) associated with time reallocation between movement behaviors. We performed the analysis separately for children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. Results Even minor reallocations of 10 min led to significant changes in obesity indicators, with pronounced effects observed when 30 min were reallocated. The most substantial adverse effects on BMI and WC occurred when moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was reallocated to other movement behaviors. For 30-min reallocations, the largest increase in BMI (or BMI z-score for children) occurred when MVPA was reallocated to light-intensity physical activity (LPA) in children (0.26 units, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.37) and to sedentary behavior (SB) in adults (0.72 kg/m², 95% CI 0.47, 0.96) and older adults (0.73 kg/m², 95% CI 0.59, 0.87). The largest increase in WC was observed when MVPA was substituted with LPA in adults (2.66 cm, 95% CI 1.42, 3.90) and with SB in older adults (2.43 cm, 95% CI 2.07, 2.79). Conversely, the highest magnitude of the decrease in obesity indicators was observed when SB was substituted with MVPA. Specifically, substituting 30 min of SB with MVPA was associated with a decrease in BMI z-score by − 0.15 units (95% CI − 0.21, − 0.10) in children and lower BMI by − 0.56 kg/m² (95% CI − 0.74, − 0.39) in adults and by − 0.52 kg/m² (95% CI − 0.61, − 0.43) in older adults. Reallocating time away from sleep and LPA showed several significant changes but lacked a consistent pattern. While the predicted changes in obesity indicators were generally consistent across age groups, inconsistent findings were observed in adolescents, particularly for reallocations between MVPA and other behaviors. Conclusions This investigation emphasizes the crucial role of MVPA in mitigating obesity risk across the lifespan, and the benefit of substituting SB with low-intensity movement behaviors. The distinct patterns observed in adolescents suggest a need for age-specific lifestyle interventions to effectively address obesity. Emphasizing manageable shifts, such as 10-min reallocations, could have significant public health implications, promoting sustainable lifestyle changes that accommodate individuals with diverse needs, including those with severe obesity.

The objective of this article was to analyze the level of well-being-through the wellness questionnaire-and the training load-based on the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE)-in professional basketball players within different weekly contexts during the season 2020/2021. The team analyzed played 2 competitions: Endesa League (Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto)-the highest level of competition in Spain-and the Basketball Champions League at the European level. Non-parametric statistics have been used because of the size of the sample and the ordinal nature of the scores. The contrast of related groups has not been significant for the wellness variable, remaining stable scores throughout different weekly contexts (weeks without competition, regular weeks with 1 game, and congested weeks with 2 or more games). Regarding the training load results, a significant effect size has been found in the contrast of medians depending on the proximity to the game in regular weeks and congested weeks, while in weeks without competition, moments of load alternation have been detected. This work is an example of the practical application of the wellness-sRPE relationship as an effective indicator within the week periodization.

This paper focuses on a single case of ayahuasca-assisted grief therapy for the prevention of complicated grief, conducted within a clinical trial. The participant, a woman in her thirties who lost her father to cancer, completed a 9-session process of Meaning Reconstruction Therapy (MRT) organised around two ayahuasca sessions. Following each psychedelic experience, she also completed a psychedelic integration session. The case study investigates the effect of the intervention, the observed changes in the participant, and the potential processes of change which may account for this improvement. The analysis relies on a qualitative narrative approach to examine the content of each therapy session, as well as on the psychometric measures completed at baseline, post-treatment, and at the three-month follow-up. These results are linked to emerging theories in the field, with a particular focus on the role of meaning reconstruction, psychological flexibility, and a continuing bond with the deceased.

Being capable of accurately predicting morphological parameters of the plant weeks before achieving fruit maturation is of great importance in the production and selection of suitable ornamental pepper plants. The objective of this article is evaluating the feasibility and assessing the performance of CNN-based models using RGB images as input to forecast two morphological parameters: plant height and canopy diameter. To this end, four CNN-based models are proposed to predict these morphological parameters in four different scenarios: first, using as input a single image of the plant; second, using as input several images from different viewpoints of the plant acquired on the same date; third, using as input two images from two consecutive weeks; and fourth, using as input a set of images consisting of one image from each week up to the current date. The results show that it is possible to accurately predict both plant height and canopy diameter. The RMSE for a forecast performed 6 weeks in advance to the actual measurements was below 4.5 cm and 4.2 cm, respectively. When information from previous weeks is added to the model, better results can be achieved and as the prediction date gets closer to the assessment date the accuracy improves as well.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a significant percentage of germline pathogenic variants (GPVs). Unlike in the United States, routine universal genetic testing is not performed in Europe. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic yield of germline genetic testing in all patients with PDAC. Methods: Individuals with newly diagnosed PDAC from three Spanish hospitals were enrolled, regardless of family history. Thirteen known susceptibility genes for PDAC were studied using a multigene panel or whole-exome sequencing. Results: One hundred seventy-nine PDAC patients underwent genetic testing. Fourteen (7.8%) had a GPV or likely pathogenic variant In the genes studied: six in ATM, six in BRCA2, one in PALB2, and one in TP53. Of these, seven (50%) did not meet the clinical criteria for genetic study and would have been classified as sporadic PDAC. Presenting with a personal history of any other neoplasm was associated with some GPV, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (1.1–11.5). A family history of PDAC and breast cancer was also associated with some GPV, with oRs of 3.7 (1.08–13.6) and 8.5 (2.6–26.6), respectively. None of the patients over 60 years without a relevant family history of malignancies presented a GPV associated with PDAC. Conclusions: In our PDAC cohort, a noteworthy number of GPVs were identified, and half of these patients would have been classified as sporadic based solely on clinical criteria. Genetic testing should always be considered, particularly in patients under 60 years or those with a history of other malignancies, especially where economic resources need optimization.

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) is an evidence-based early intervention promoting attachment security and self-regulation by enhancing parental sensitivity. When scaling up an evidence-based intervention to the community, it is essential to consider families’ preferences and cultural values to ensure cultural appropriateness, while maintaining fidelity to the intervention's core components. In this article, we aimed to test the effectiveness of ABC in improving parental sensitivity when implemented in Spanish at a community level in the USA. The effectiveness of ABC when implemented in Spanish in the community was assessed through pre-post changes in observed parental sensitivity in 79 Latine families with children ages 6 months to 4 years. Parental sensitivity increased from pre- to post-test, with a similar effect size to previous studies (d = .67). Results and practice implications are discussed, highlighting the importance of the support to providers reaching families of diverse origins.

Traffic congestion represents a significant urban challenge, with notable implications for public health and environmental well‐being. Consequently, urban decision‐makers prioritize the mitigation of congestion. This study delves into the efficacy of harnessing extensive data on urban traffic dynamics, coupled with comprehensive knowledge of road networks, to enable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in forecasting traffic flux well in advance. Such forecasts hold promise for informing emission reduction measures, particularly those aligned with Low Emission Zone policies. The investigation centers on Valencia, leveraging its robust traffic sensor infrastructure, one of the most densely deployed worldwide, encompassing approximately 3500 sensors strategically positioned across the city. Employing historical data spanning 2016 and 2017, we undertake the task of training and characterizing a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network for the prediction of temporal traffic patterns. Our findings demonstrate the LSTM's efficacy in real‐time forecasting of traffic flow evolution, facilitated by its ability to discern salient patterns within the dataset.

This study assessed the impact of team offensive variables on goals scored in Spain’s first-division soccer league from 2012–2013 to 2021–2022. A nomothetic multidimensional study was conducted, following the STROBE checklist. From 115 team variables available in the INSTAT database, 57 offensive metrics were selected. The selection was performed independently by five researchers to ensure comprehensive inclusion of relevant metrics. The data included 38 league matches each season, involving 30 teams. The study identified key offensive performance metrics strongly correlated with goals scored. These include shots on target (r = 0.898), chances created (r = 0.871), penalty box entries (r = 0.852), positional attacks with shots (r = 0.818), total shots (r = 0.807), central attacks with shots (r = 0.804), accurate passes (r = 0.760), and efficiency in positional attacks (r = 0.755). The findings underscore the importance of specific offensive metrics in enhancing goal-scoring capabilities. Coaches can improve their team’s offensive performance by focusing on passing accuracy, dribbling, and maximizing scoring chances. Successful teams consistently convert attacks into shots on goal through various situations, including central attacks, flanks, counterattacks, corners, and set pieces. Tactical adjustments based on these insights can optimize offensive effectiveness.

This article analyzes an unpublished corpus of 131 letters written in Spanish by four Dutch merchants during the seventeenth-century (1669–1677). The aim of the investigation is to determine whether the variation found in these letters was internal, external, or both, and to study the factors that favored each source. To do so, I will look at vowel variation in this corpus. Since standard vowel variants were being selected in seventeenth-century Spanish, the research questions addressed in this work are the following: Did multilingual merchants acquire the emerging standard of the moment? Did multilingual merchants contribute to the selection of standard variants? Did multilingual merchants acquire the sociolinguistic variation of that period? How did multilingual merchants differ from L1 speakers and why? How did linguistic and social factors influence this variation? The results revealed a great amount of intra- and inter-speaker vowel variation, and this variability was a matter of both internal and external factors. Therefore, this study argues that, while multilingual merchants acquired some of the standard variants that were being selected in the emerging standard Spanish of the seventeenth century, they reported linguistic variation that can be explained considering the context of use and the socio-economic conditions underlying their acquisition of linguistic repertoires.

Aim To analyse the effectiveness of an active ageing intervention modality through peer mentoring. Design A quasi‐experimental research study is carried out through three groups, one control (educational workshops on active ageing given by professionals) and two experimental (workshops given by peers with digital or face‐to‐face exposure). Methods All groups share duration (7 weeks) and content, modifying the route of exposure. The effectiveness of the model is measured through the variables of physical health, mental health and social support. Loneliness and the need for care are also controlled for. Results The total sample consists of n = 209 people aged over 60 living in a rural context, of which n = 12 form the volunteer/mentor group. Active ageing interventions show an improvement in the perception of physical and mental health among people in need of some form of care, with all three modalities being equally effective. The impact on social support is analysed by controlling for the loneliness and social participation variable; in these cases, the face‐to‐face experimental group of peers is more effective than the others. Conclusions The peer‐to‐peer methodology is as effective as the traditional methodology with a practitioner in maintaining and improving health perception, and the face‐to‐face methodology with peers is more useful in fostering social support among people experiencing loneliness. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Peer mentoring is presented as a good strategy to improve social support for older people and to combat loneliness. Impact To address the prevention of dependency through the promotion of active ageing. Peer mentoring is confirmed to have a significant impact on social support and could be a socio‐educational tool applicable to older people experiencing loneliness. Reporting Method This study has adhered to JBI guidelines. JBI critical appraisal checklist for quasi‐experimental studies has been used. Patient or Public Contribution Volunteer mentors contributed to the design and delivery of the workshops.

In this study, we examined identification and interest with birth country, perceived discrimination, and related issues through self-report in 69 adolescents adopted from Russia to Spain. The adolescents showed a high degree of interest in their birth country, and most of them considered that their birth country is a part of their identity. There were differences in birth-country related variables depending on how much adopted adolescents felt others perceived them as foreigners. Considering internationally adopted youth needs regarding their origins, even in traditionally considered “same-race” adoptions, is essential for supporting them in the path towards integrated identity development.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects on speed and agility of including ball driving during resisted sprint training in relation to regular soccer training. Thirty male soccer players (age: 18.10 ± 0.66 years; height: 179 ± 0.06 cm; body mass: 76.22 ± 4.76 kg; systematic practice: 8.6 ± 1.73 years) participated in the study and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG; n = 18) or a control group (CG; n = 12). The research was conducted during a training camp. The intervention period lasted 6 weeks and during that period all players performed their usual soccer training. However, the EG performed two weekly sessions of a supplementary training of resisted sprints with a ball. Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in 5-m (p = 0.005) and 10-m (p = 0.016) sprint performance; and New multi-change of direction agility test (NMAT; p = 0.002), Illinois (IAT; p = 0.002), T-test (p = 0.003), Arrowhead COD (Arrowhead-R, p = < 0.001; Arrowhead-L, p = < 0.001) test and Zigzag agility test (Zigzag-B; p = 0.006) from pretest to posttest in EG. However, the CG didn’t show any significant improvements. Between-groups analysis revealed differences in favor of the EG in Zigzag-B, IAT, Arrowhead-R, Arrowhead-L and NMAT. This study’s results support the efficacy of a short-term training program that includes resisted sprints exercises to improve the performance of soccer players.

The presence of visceral adipose tissue implies a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than subcutaneous adiposity, the most dangerous heart fat. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could have great potential as a detection indicator of cardiovascular diseases, although it has seldom been studied in Spanish children. Objective: The objective of the current research was to describe the values of EAT in a Spanish pediatric population and to investigate the associations between EAT and anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid and glucose profiles, and metabolic syndrome. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study of elementary and high school students (aged 6 to 17) measured anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipid and glycemic profiles, and echocardiographic fat thickness. The analysis was based on regression and discriminant analysis. Results: The results of this study (N = 227) showed that the body mass index (BMI) was 20.29 ± 4.54, with an overweight set of 49.77%, and the percentage for metabolic syndrome was 5.3%. EAT was linked to being male, BMI percentile, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (p < 0.001), hypertension, higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This paper argues that in children with higher elevated EAT thickness values, this correlates with cardiovascular risk factors including high blood pressure, elevated LDL levels, and metabolic syndrome.

Introduction Wound closure with triclosan-coated sutures (TCS) appears to reduce the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). Because there is a strong association between postoperative SSI and the development of acute abdominal wall dehiscence (AWD) after laparotomy, we hypothesized that the use of TCS for wound closure after laparotomy may also reduce the risk of AWD. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched from their inception to 01 November 2022. Randomized trials that compared the use of TCS with identical but uncoated sutures for fascial closure were eligible if they could provide individual participant data (IPD) on AWD. From these trials, we only included in the analysis those subjects who underwent open abdominal surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of AWD within 30 days postoperatively, requiring emergency reoperation. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology (PROSPERO: CRD42019121173. Results We identified twelve eligible trials. Eight studies shared IPD. The incidence of AWD within 30 days after surgery was 27/1,565 (1.7%) in the TCS group vs. 40/1,430 (2.8%) in the control group (Relative Risk: 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–1.11, I ² = 0%, τ ² = 0.00]). The certainty of evidence was moderate after downgrading for imprecision. The incidence of incisional SSI was 163/1,576 (10.3%) vs. 198/1,439 (13.8%), RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.97). Conclusion We found no conclusive evidence to support the use of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of acute abdominal wall dehiscence after laparotomy. In these selected studies, a significant reduction in incisional SSI was observed.

This study analyzes the effects on body composition and variables related to metabolic syndrome of two coffees with different degree of roasting and phenolic content. Sixty participants with body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m² and a median age of 51.0 years (Interquartile range 46.3–56) were recruited. The study was a controlled, randomized, single-blind crossover trial consisting in drinking three cups/day of roasted coffee (RC) or lightly roasted coffee (LRC) during 12 weeks with 2-week wash-out stages before each coffee intervention. LRC contained ≈400 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈130 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup while RC contained ≈150 mg of hydroxycinnamic acids and ≈70 mg of caffeine per 200 mL/cup. Along the study, in each of the six visits, blood pressure, body composition by bioimpedance, anthropometric measurements, and blood biochemistry were analyzed. The mean differences and p values were calculated using a linear mixed model (JASP.v.0.18.0.3). A total of 38 participants completed the study. After the consumption of both coffees, fat mass and body fat percentage (LRC: −1.4%, p < 0.001; RC: −1.0%, p = 0.005) were reduced, whereas muscle mass and muscle mass percentage slightly increased (LRC: 0.8%, p < 0.001; RC: 0.7%, p = 0.002). The decrease in fat percentage was greater with LRC compared to RC (−0.8%; p = 0.029). There were no significant changes in metabolic syndrome variables or in body weight. In conclusion, LRC was slightly superior at inducing changes in body composition.

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, mortality rate, and survival period of malignant bronchial and lung neoplasms in the Burgos region, with the aim of promoting the development of strategies to improve cancer care management during health crises, highlighting the importance of non-pharmacological approaches to mitigate the negative impacts of future pandemics on lung cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal, single-center study was conducted in Burgos from 2019 to 2021. Participants included all patients diagnosed with malignant bronchial and lung neoplasms by the Pneumology unit of Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Burgos during the year immediately before and the year immediately after 31 March 2020, the official start date of the pandemic. Inclusion criteria encompassed patients diagnosed through histological or clinicoradiological methods, who provided informed consent. Data were systematically gathered using a specific template that included demographic information, disease stage, death, and survival time. Statistical analysis involved descriptive methods, ANOVA, and chi-square tests to assess differences in survival time and associations between categorical variables. Results: The results reveal a decrease in the number of patients diagnosed during the pandemic period (154 vs. 105), which could indicate delays in detection. However, there were no significant differences between the two periods, in which more than 60% of cases were detected in stage IV, being incompatible with survival. Although fewer patients died during the pandemic than expected (p = 0.015), patients diagnosed after the onset of the pandemic had a shorter survival time (182.43 ± 142.63 vs. 253.61 ± 224.30; p = 0.038). Specifically, those diagnosed in stage I during the pre-pandemic had a much longer survival time (741.50 days) than the rest of the patients (p < 0.05). In addition, among those diagnosed in stage IV, those diagnosed after the beginning of the pandemic had a shorter survival time (157.29 ± 202.36 vs. 241.18 ± 218.36; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Understanding these changes can support both medical strategies and non-pharmacological therapies to improve cancer care management during health crises, thus contributing to the optimization of public health.

Essential trace minerals are vital for general human health and athletic performance. Zinc (Zn) plays critical roles in several biochemical processes in exercise physiology, especially during intense physical exercise. This research aimed to analyze erythrocyte, platelet, plasma and urine Zn concentrations among men’s and female soccer players over a sports season. A total of 22 male soccer players (20.61 ± 2.66 years; 71.50 ± 5.93 kg) and 24 female soccer players (23.37 ± 3.95 years; 59.58 ± 7.17 kg) participated in this longitudinal quasi-experimental study. Three assessments were carried out over the season: 1st evaluation: first week of training (August); 2nd assessment: middle of the season, between the end of the first and second round (January) and 3rd assessment: last week of training (May/June). In all evaluations extracellular (plasma and urine) and intracellular (erythrocytes and platelets) Zn concentrations were determined, as well as physical fitness and several blood parameters. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure Zn concentrations. Plasma and urinary concentrations were higher among male soccer players (p < 0.05) while erythrocyte and platelet Zn concentrations were higher in the female soccer players (p < 0.05). Additionally, variations in urinary and platelet Zn concentrations were observed over the season. The differences could be related to muscle mass, muscle damage or the specific sport’s physical demands.

Although second language learning has been widely studied as the result of a set of cognitive processes (such as perception, attention, or memory), human cognition cannot be fully understood without paying attention to the affective dimension of learning. This chapter deals with the role of within-person and between-person affective factors in second language education. From a pedagogical point of view, traditional methodologies have generally considered that the learning process occurs only from the neck up. This belief favoured an approach to learning and learning material design based on memorization and mechanical repetition, with no other stimuli than the written or spoken word. However, the results of well-established research from diverse fields such as psycholinguistics, educational psychology, and neuroscience highlight the importance of more affective teaching for more effective learning. This perspective has gained particular currency after the global health crisis and the widespread advent of technology-based learning, emphasizing the emotional and relational dimensions that all meaningful learning processes require. Drawing on how affective factors influence second language acquisition and learning, this chapter proposes some methodological principles that can be applied to language teaching. Practical guidelines for conducting classroom research are also provided, such as applying these principles and exploiting multimodal stimuli to support and measure student motivation and positive emotions towards English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with three aims: (1) to determine the degree of compliance with physical activity recommendations among adolescents according to sex and place of residence, (2) to determine the perceived support of family and friends for physical activity among adolescents according to sex and place of residence, and (3) to analyse the influence of family and friends support on compliance with physical activity recommendations among adolescents according to sex and place of residence. A total of 694 adolescents from an inland area of Spain (14.06 ± 1.27 years) participated. Four one-day physical activity questionnaires were administered to assess physical activity and the Parental Support Scale and Peer Support to measure perceived support from family and friends regarding physical activity. Chi-square, Crammer’s V and Student’s tests were calculated to identify differences between variables according to sex and municipality of residence. Moreover, the initial binary logistic regression model was constructed to predict the physical activity compliance. Differences in adherence to physical activity recommendations were found according to the sex of the students (rural area: x2 = 4.192, p < 0.05; V = 0.106, p < 0.05; urban area: x2 = 8.999, p < 0.05; V = 0.167, p < 0.01). There were also sex differences in rural areas on items related to families providing transport (t = 3.878, p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.40) and doing physical activity together (t = 4.974, p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.50). It is concluded that most adolescents do not comply with physical activity recommendations. In addition, 30.4% of urban girls’ compliance was predicted by the perception that their family members saw them doing physical activity and doing it with friends.