Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero

In this article, we report the synthesis and antibacterial activity of an alternative through organometallic Sn(IV) hybrids with ciprofloxacin dithiocarbamate, of new drugs active against pathogens resistant to traditional antibiotics. The synthesis of triorganotin(IV) ciprofloxacin dithiocarbamates of general formula R3SnCipdtc (R = Ph(1), Cy(2), ⁿBu(3), and Me(4)) and chloro‐diorganotin(IV) ciprofloxacin dithiocarbamates R2SnClCipdtc (R = Ph(5), ⁿBu(6), and tBu(7)) was carried out. To understand the chemical properties and the biological activity, a structural and electron density study was carried out by DFT approximation, and a docking analysis was performed to explain the antibacterial activity of the compounds. The results show that some of the compounds bind as ciprofloxacin and others bind differently, which helps to explain the MIC values obtained in comparison with the drug reference. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, MS (FAB⁺), and ¹H, ¹⁹F, ¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy. The solid‐state IR data suggest that the tin atom is coordinated to the ligand in the bidentate coordination mode, and in solution, the ¹¹⁹Sn NMR is consistent with tetracoordination for 2–4 and pentacoordination for 1 and 5–7. The molecular ion [M]⁺ of all compounds, 1–7, was detected (FAB⁺). In compounds 1–7, the Sn(IV) atom binds exclusively to the dithiocarbamate sulfurs, leaving the carboxylic acid oxygens intact. Antibacterial assays showed that all compounds except three were active in ATCC and clinically isolated strains. It is known that normally, the compounds containing triorganotin fragments typically exhibit higher antibacterial activity compared to those containing diorganotin. However, in the case of the compounds reported in this study, the antibacterial effect is contrary to this expectation. The presence of chlorine, instead of a second ciprofloxacin fragment, significantly increases the antibacterial efficiency.

In this work, the simple harmonic oscillator is generalized considering the derivative order as a piecewise constant function. We use the Gauss-Legendre quadrature method to obtain approximate solutions for the associated equation (direct problem). On the other hand, for the inverse problem we use Bayesian statistics to estimate the derivative order and the spring constant, where through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method the posterior distribution for the parameters is obtained.

In this work, the Fokas method is considered to obtain an integral representation of the solution of an initial-boundary value problem for a linear time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation on a half-line, with Caputo derivative.

Ruminants are significant contributors to methane (CH4) emissions due to methanogenesis by their gut microbiomes. The enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is crucial for this process in rumen archaea. Targeting MCR via computational tools has emerged as a novel approach to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants by inhibiting methanogenesis. This study focused on evaluating wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) compounds as potential MCR inhibitors using in silico methods. Initially, 21 wheatgrass compounds were selected, and their drug-likeness traits were assessed using Lipinski’s rule of five. Five compounds, namely 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, Caryophyllene oxide, Caryophyllene, N,N-tetramethylene-.alpha.-(aminomethylene) glutaconic anhydride, and n-hexadecanoic acid met all criteria. These compounds were further analysed for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties using the Swiss ADME tool, confirming their drug-likeness traits with no Lipinski’s violation. Molecular docking analysis was performed using the CB-Dock2 tool to assess binding interactions with MCR. The compounds showed binding affinities in the following order: N,N-tetramethylene-.alpha.-(aminomethylene) glutaconic anhydride (-7.3 kcal/mol) > Caryophyllene (-6.8 kcal/mol) > Caryophyllene oxide (-6.7 kcal/mol) > n-hexadecanoic acid (-6.3 kcal/mol) > 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine (-6.0 kcal/mol). These findings suggest that the selected wheatgrass compounds have potential as anti-methanogenic agents, positioning them as promising MCR inhibitors for mitigating CH4 emissions in ruminants.

In this paper we prove a Cauchy–Kowalevski theorem for the solutions of the system ∂ x ψ ∂ x ψ f = 0 {{}^{\psi}\partial_{x}{}^{\psi}\partial_{x}f=0} , where ∂ x ψ {{}^{\psi}\partial_{x}} stands for the Cauchy–Riemann operator, associated to the orthonormal basis ψ of ℝ m + 1 {{\mathbb{R}}^{m+1}} .

Guerrero is one of the least studied states in Mexico for Fungi, despite its great diversity of vascular plants. The aim of this work was to update previously reported genera, provide new records from Guerrero and discuss the biocultural significance and potential use of Boletales from Guerrero, Mexico. Astraeus morganii Phosri, Watling & M.P. Martín is recorded for the first time in Mexico. Sixty‑eight species of Boletales reported from Guerrero with an annotated checklist, which includes photographs; 34 species are newly recorded from Guerrero. The family Boletaceae is the most diverse followed by Suillaceae and Scleroderma taceae. Aureoboletus russellii (Frost) G. Wu & Zhu L. Yang, Aureoboletus readii Ayala‑Vásquez, Pérez‑Moreno, Martínez‑Reyes, Carbajal‑Ramírez, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca (Wulfen) Maire ex Martin‑Sans, Scleroderma texense Berk., and Tylopilus tabacinus (Peck) Singer are reported as having biocultural importance to Nahuatl, Na Savi, and Me’phaa native cultures. In addition, 45 species of Boletales are reported as potentially edible.

Water scarcity in rural areas represents a structural challenge that undermines social well-being, public health, and ecological sustainability. This study analyzes the water supply system in the community of Las Ánimas, located in the municipality of Tecoanapa, Guerrero (Mexico), with the aim of understanding the dynamics of access, use, and community-based management of water resources. A participatory qualitative approach was employed, complemented by quantitative tools, including semi-structured interviews, fieldwork, and community workshops. The results reveal strong pressure on water resources during the dry season, contamination of springs due to intensive agricultural practices, a lack of wastewater treatment infrastructure, and organizational weaknesses within the local water committee. Nevertheless, the study identified key elements of autonomous governance, such as community rules, social monitoring, and shared responsibility in the management of the resource. The study concludes that strengthening community water governance—together with territorially focused public policies, environmental restoration, and water education—is essential to ensuring the long-term sustainability of water supply systems in highly vulnerable rural contexts.

The aim of this work was to carry out a microsynthesis of a graft copolymer from different starch sources with polycaprolactone (PCL) and to evaluate its effects on enthalpy during synthesis via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymer was characterized via FTIR and pasting profile techniques. FTIR studies revealed that starch–PCL graft copolymerization was carried out on all starch sources. The pasting profile revealed that the copolymer presented low viscosity values (heating and cooling stages), compared with those of native starches. This finding indicates that copolymerization took place on the surface of the starch granules. Cassava starch presented the highest enthalpy values at synthesis temperatures of 150 °C and 160 °C.

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate, identify, and summarize the existing literature on the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of primary teeth restored with stainless steel crowns (SSC) versus control teeth. Materials and methods The systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework (ID): 10.17605/OSF.IO/39U4D. In addition, it was prepared following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Five electronic databases were used to identify studies for this systematic review: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from January 10, 1999, to September 15, 2024. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (cross-sectional studies) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias for Randomized Trials (RoB 2.0) in randomized clinical trials. Results The review includes four studies (two cross-sectional and two randomized clinical trials). A total of 75 children aged 3 to 10 years were studied. GCF samples were taken from 98 upper and lower molars rehabilitated with SSC and control teeth (without SSC). ELISA analyzed all samples. This way, the levels of four proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, were determined. The studies reported significant differences between both study groups: IL-1β: 27.30 versus 23.56 p < 0.05; MIP-1α: 682.55 versus 197.60 p < 0.05; and MIP-1β: 884.35 versus 287.85, p < 0.05. Conclusions This systematic review provides a comprehensive and current overview of the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines present in GCF, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children with SSC. IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β levels increased in the GCF of upper and lower molars rehabilitated with stainless steel crowns compared to control primary teeth.

Soil-dwelling pests, such as Phyllophaga larvae, pose significant challenges to agriculture as they feed on crop roots, causing substantial losses. Their hidden behavior within the soil further complicates monitoring and control efforts. Traditional methods, such as manual excavation and acoustic detection, are often invasive, labor-intensive, or limited in precision. To address these challenges, this study aimed to establish a reliable methodology to study larval trajectories and responses within the soil environment without disturbing its natural behavior. This study describes the development of an innovative system for precise tracking of these larvae, combining magnetic markers with an array of magnetoresistive sensors. Larvae were tagged with neodymium magnets and tracked using an array of 64 anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors while being attracted by food sources and repelled by electrical stimuli. The movement of larvae marked with magnetic tags and attracted by Zea mays and Solanum tuberosum roots was successfully monitored. The system was validated using a 3D printer framework as a reference, achieving high accuracy with minimal uncertainty. Adjustments were made to the z-axis to account for variations in the distance between the magnet and the sensor array. Experiments demonstrated the ability to guide larval behavior through controlled electrical stimuli, confirming the system's utility for monitoring and behavioral studies. This approach offers significant improvements over traditional methods by preserving soil integrity, enhancing precision, and enabling real-time tracking. The findings provide a valuable tool for understanding subterranean pest dynamics and support the development of sustainable pest management strategies in agriculture. Keywords: Underground insects; Tracing; Tagging; Stimuli

Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting approximately 10% (190 million) of women and girls of reproductive age worldwide. It is associated with a variety of often debilitating symptoms, including severe pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, bowel movements and/or urination, bloating, nausea, fatigue, risk of infertility, as well as depression and anxiety in some cases. This review summarized the pathogenesis of endometriosis and the criteria for clinical diagnosis, proposed a panel of potential biomarkers for predictive molecular diagnosis, as well as choice of treatments for pain and infertility management.

The objective of this study was to document an experience of training community environmental leaders in the context of sustainable development in localities surrounding the Chautengo Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico. Specifically, we explored the epistemological, theoretical, deontological, and pedagogical–didactic components that must be considered when designing a training process for community environmental leaders in rural contexts. A mixed, descriptive, transversal approach was used to articulate scientific knowledge with local knowledge. Twelve semi-structured interviews identified potential environmental leaders, while nineteen surveys assessed training needs. Subsequently, a tailored capacity-building program was designed, implemented, and evaluated, which assessed empirical knowledge of communities and sustainable practices. A total of 19 leaders with organizational and mobilization skills were trained, successfully engaging 1500 people in an environmental cleanup campaign. The program covered key topics such as sustainable development management, environmental education for sustainability, and local governance, resulting in the formation of an environmental advocacy committee. Participants rated the program positively for its design (90%), content, materials, facilitator performance (71%), and duration (67%). This study contributes to the understanding of community environmental leadership in Latin America highlighting the value of local knowledge as a tool for environmental governance and sustainable social change. Our findings suggest that strengthening community leadership with participatory methodologies can improve environmental awareness, community resilience, and long-term ecological conservation. The program can be replicated in vulnerable communities in other contexts and positively impact local governance.

The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) has been classified as a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. SUR1, unlike the classic ABC transporters, assembles with Kir6.2, forming K ATP channels to regulate the flux of potassium ions. In the central nervous system, SUR1 is weakly expressed in some brain regions but is induced by pathological conditions in the different cell types of the neurovascular unit. Therefore, we first analyzed the expression of SUR1 in various rat tissues and brain regions to identify SUR1 isoforms and their mRNA exon composition under physiological conditions. Later, we focused on the SUR1 expression in the brain and heart after ischemia/reperfusion. We observed two SUR1 isoforms (170 and 60–75 kDa) abundantly expressed in most rat tissues, except for the testis and brain, where basal expression of these isoforms was relatively low and exhibit a band of 100 kDa. Every exons coding for the functional domains of SUR1 mRNA were amplified from the tissues and brain regions analyzed. Results from in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that SUR1 isoforms previously identified (170 and 60–75 kDa) were dramatically overexpressed in the brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. In contrast, myocardial infarction followed by reperfusion significantly reduced SUR1 isoform expression in the heart. This study demonstrates the expression of at least two SUR1 isoforms in various tissues and suggests that ischemic processes may differentially regulate SUR1 expression depending on the tissue injured.

Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism associated with serious gastric pathologies. This bacterium presents specific genes that encode for different virulence factors associated with the development of gastric disease. The VapD protein has rarely been studied, although it has been previously demonstrated its participation in the protection of Helicobacter pylori within gastric cells. In the present work, we document the protocols developed to generate the VapD recombinant protein and the subsequent production of polyclonal antibodies. Our research group faced several problems throughout the trials; however, all of them were successfully solved.

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance surveillance plays an important role in generating information about the prevalence of resistant microorganisms. In this study, we summarize a surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase-encoding genes for selected pathogens in Mexican healthcare centers. Methods Databases of identification and susceptibility results collected from January 1 to March 31, 2024, from forty-one centers were gathered and analyzed using the WHONET software. Some relevant gram-negatives and gram-positives, which were isolated from relevant clinical specimens were included. Isolates were stratified by patient´s age, clinical specimens, and site of attention, and were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Clinical isolates were collected from January 1 to June 30 and were genotyped for carbapenemase-encoding genes by a polymerase chain reaction test. Results In total, 8 708 strains were included. Escherichia coli had a higher resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.05) in the 0–17 years group and Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.017), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii (p < 0.05) in the 18–59 years group. P. aeruginosa had higher resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefepime, and imipenem (p < 0.05) in the 18–59 years group. K. pneumoniae had the highest resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.05) and cefepime (p < 0.001) in clinical isolates recovered from blood. For P. aeruginosa, the highest resistance to cefepime (p = 0.012) and ceftazidime (p < 0.018) was seen in isolates from urine. For Staphylococcus aureus, a higher resistance was observed for cefoxitin in lower respiratory tract specimens (p < 0.05). E. coli had the highest resistance to carbapenems (p < 0.01), and P. aeruginosa for ceftazidime (p = 0.005), cefepime (p = 0.003), piperacillin-tazobactam (p = <0.01), IPM (p = 0.006), and meropenem (p = <0.01) in clinical isolates recovered from patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). For K. pneumoniae, the highest resistance to ertapenem was observed in clinical isolates from the ICU area (p < 0.035). Finally, 67.9% of A. baumannii and 53.8% of E. coli strains were Multidrug-resistant. Candida albicans isolated from blood had susceptibility to caspofungin 100% and 90.2% for voriconazole. Regarding E. coli non-susceptible to meropenem, 16 (59.2%) were carriers of blaNDM, and the blaKPC gene was detected in 2 (40%) strains of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, carbapenem resistance was higher for E. coli in the 0–17 years group and for K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii in the 18–59 years group. K. pneumoniae has the highest resistance to carbapenems in blood isolates and the ICU area. E. coli and P. aeruginosa had the highest carbapenem resistance in the intensive care unit. A high multidrug resistance was observed for A. baumannii and E. coli strains. A high susceptibility to caspofungin and voriconazole was observed for Candida albicans collected from blood.

The aim of this study is to synthesise the strategies implemented in the teaching of the Decimal Metric System in the Escuela Nueva pedagogical model, through a systematic review of the literature. This literature review will focus on scientific productions found in high impact indexed journals, endorsed by H-index. To carry out the above, a qualitative methodology was used, making use of methodological guidelines established by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, bibliometric variables, and variables of interest on the content were taken into account. Likewise, strategies based on Boolean operators and key terms were used to search for research articles. One of the results obtained is the use of contexts that are close or real to the students so that they can internalise the mathematical object present in this research.