Recent publications
Understanding the physiology and molecular mechanisms of lactogenesis is crucial for enhancing mammalian milk production. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) regulated mammary epithelial cell survival during pregnancy, but its role in lactation maintenance remains unclear. We found that YAP1 was highly expressed in mammary gland across specie, with elevated expression levels during murine gestation and lactation, particularly localized in alveoli epithelial cells. In vivo administration of a YAP1 inhibitor impaired murine milk yield, mammary gland weight, alveolar structure, and mammary epithelial cell dynamics. In vitro, YAP1 positively affected mammary epithelial cell growth and the synthesis of triglyceride and α-casein. Notably, the primary lactogenesis hormone Prolactin induced cell growth and triglyceride secretion while enhancing YAP1 expression and activity. In contrast, Melatonin inhibited cell growth and triglyceride synthesis, decreasing YAP1 expression and activity. YAP1 knockdown compromised prolactin induced effects, whereas YAP1 overexpression partially rescued cell functions inhibited by melatonin. Finally, Bioinformatics analyses revealed that YAP1 regulated multiple biological processes related to lactogenesis, including cell cycle, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum, amino acid transport and biosynthesis, etc. These finding indicated that YAP1 is essential for mammary epithelial cells growth and secretion and played an essential role in the lactating endocrine network by mediating key hormone functions.
We introduce a novel family of projected distributions on the circle and the sphere, called the circular and spherical projected Cauchy distributions, as promising alternatives for modelling circular and spherical data. The circular distribution encompasses the wrapped Cauchy distribution as a special case while featuring a more convenient parameterisation. We also propose a generalised wrapped Cauchy distribution that includes an extra parameter, enhancing the fit of the distribution. In the spherical context, we impose two conditions on the scatter matrix of the Cauchy distribution, resulting in an elliptically symmetric distribution. Our projected distributions exhibit attractive properties such as a closed‐form normalising constant and straightforward random value generation. The distribution parameters can be estimated using maximum likelihood, and we assess their bias through numerical studies. Further, we compare our proposed distributions with existing models with real datasets, demonstrating equal or superior fitting both with and without covariates.
The existence of 2-, 3-MCPD, and glycidyl esters in edible oils and processed foods poses a possible risk to human health. This work aimed to investigate the content of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in selected raw and processed food products found in the Egyptian market. A total of 112 edible oils, margarine, peanut products, corn products, wheat snacks, potato chips, meat products, fish, fishery products, dairy products, bakery products and coffee were collected from Egyptian markets. The lipid fraction containing 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters were analyzed using GC–MS. Levels of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters were detected in all oil and margarine samples. At the same time, the concentration of 3-MCPD was high in biscuits. Oil samples collected from falafel restaurants in Giza Governorate contained 6.55, 3.85, and 2.25 mg kg⁻¹ of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl, respectively. 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters were detected in all samples of maize, wheat snacks and potato chips. Levels of 3-MCPD were higher in beef cocktail sausage samples than in other meat products. Free 3-MCPD levels in fish products were higher than recommended. Old processed cheese contained high levels of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters (4.05, 1.25, 0.90 mg kg⁻¹, respectively). The results showed high levels of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in Bitifor (bakery product) collected from Cairo and biscuits from Sadat City. The results reveal the presence of different levels of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in some raw and processed food products in the Egyptian market. The choice of cooking oil, which is absorbed into the cooked food, had a significant impact on the occurrence of 2-, 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters. In order to reduce their exposure to MCPD and GE esters, consumers are recommended to make informed decisions about the food they eat and the cooking oil they use to prepare food.
Non-coding RNAs have gathered significant attention for their unique roles in biological regulation. Across a broad spectrum of developmental processes and diseases, particularly in human malignancies, ncRNAs play pivotal roles in regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs stand out among the diverse forms of ncRNAs that have been implicated in cancer. MiRNAs, classified as short non-coding RNAs, modulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNA molecules, thereby inhibiting their translation. Altered miRNA expression has been associated with the onset and progression of various malignancies, including lung, breast, and prostate cancer. In contrast, lncRNAs, characterized as longer ncRNAs, exert control over gene expression through various mechanisms, such as chromatin remodelling and gene silencing. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the numerous ncRNAs that have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression, playing implicated roles in the initiation and progression of diverse cancers.
Immobilization of metal–organic frameworks within the textile material for manufacturing protective textile materials is described as a challenging field of investigation. The point of novelty in the current approach is the preparation of technical textiles from viscose fabrics with photochromic/UV-protective/antimicrobial potentiality. Multi-finished viscose fabrics were prepared via cationization of viscose with sequential incorporation of Ln-BDCs (Eu-BDC and Tb-BDC) within viscose and cationic viscose in one-pot infrared-assisted technique. Herein, glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) is uniquely exploited for the cationizing of viscose (GTA-viscose). The prepared photochromic fabrics showed a strong blue emission color (with excitation at λex = 270 nm) under UV light. Successful domination of Ln-BDC which could be converted to lanthanide oxides consequently acted in stabilization of the fabrics at elevated temperature. Viscose fabrics modified with Tb-BDC showed higher thermal stability rather than those prepared with Eu-BDC. The evaluated UV-protection factor (UPF) for GTA-viscose (5.3) was largely enhanced to 39.5 after immobilization of Eu-BDC to be rated as very good affinity of blocking and was non-significantly lowered to 31.6 even after 10 washing cycles. Fabrics modified with Eu-BDC showed the highest antimicrobial action against bacteria and fungi. For GTA-viscose, after impregnation of Eu-BDC, the estimated inhibition zones were 16 mm, 15 mm, and 15 mm against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans, respectively. In summary, the current approach demonstrates a unique technique for the preparation of multifunctional viscose with successive impregnation of either Tb-BDC or Eu-BDC to be exhibited with superior/durable photochromic/microbicide/UV-protective potency.
The motivation for this study stems from the global demand for clean energy solutions and the limitations of conventional fluids in hydrogen production systems. By exploring hybrid nanofluids, this research aims to enhance efficiency and sustainability in solar‐thermal energy applications. An evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer efficiently harnesses solar energy for hydrogen production. The ETSC's vacuum design minimizes heat loss, providing consistent thermal performance. This system enables clean hydrogen generation, reducing emissions. This study investigated the integration of an ETSC with a PEM electrolyzer and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for efficient hydrogen production. Water as the working fluid in the ETSC circuit resulted in lower hydrogen production rates, prompting the introduction of Al2O3 and SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles at a 50:50 ratio to form an enhanced hybrid nanofluid. The resulting various volume concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of the hybrid nanofluid were tested, yielding energy gains of 13.22%, 21.37%, 30.38%, and 48.52%, respectively, compared to water. The ORC efficiency enhanced by 12.29% at 0.5 vol.%, 23.10% at 1 vol.%, 34.15% at 1.5 vol.%, and 48.40% at 2 vol.%. The PEM electrolyzer produced a maximum hydrogen yield of 3105.6 g, with an overall system efficiency of 71.3% and hydrogen production of 2156.7 g at 2 vol.%, demonstrating the significant performance enhancements achieved with hybrid nanofluids. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of hybrid nanofluids in enhancing system efficiency and hydrogen output, underscoring their importance in promoting sustainable hydrogen production technologies.
This study presents a detailed numerical analysis of perovskite solar cells to optimize their photovoltaic performance through systematic parameter variation. Key parameters, including absorber layer thickness, bandgap tuning, metal back contacts, and interface layer properties, were investigated for their influence on device performance. The optimized device configuration achieved a power conversion efficiency of 29.39%, a fill factor of 85.54%, a short-circuit current density of 28.37 mA/cm², and an open-circuit voltage of 1.21 V. The study highlights the critical role of these parameters in enhancing quantum efficiency, current-voltage characteristics, and overall device stability. These findings provide a scientific framework for material selection and device engineering, paving the way for advancements in the design and fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells and contributing to the development of sustainable energy technologies.
The aim of this review was to provide a review of the pharmacological treatments for pregnancy complications in adults. This review analyzed medications used for pregnancy complications in phase IV clinical trials based on the ClinicalTrials.gov database. The search included completed trials only. As of September 1, 2023, a total of 29,654 phase IV clinical trials were identified, of which 298 were related to pregnancy complications. Of these, 24 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria for the current study. In the 24 included clinical trials, we found 9 trials for overactive bladder with 5005 participants in total, 236 of which had adverse effects from the drugs used. Six trials for preeclampsia were conducted on 663 participants, with only 1 adverse drug effect reported. Three trials each were conducted on urinary tract infections and gestational diabetes mellitus (115 and 656 participants, respectively) without any adverse drug effects reported. One trial each focused on anemia, dystocia, and placentation disorders (80, 1003, and 14 participants, respectively) without any adverse drug effects reported. The trials reported minimal adverse drug effects, suggesting potential effectiveness and safety in managing these complications. While the trials mentioned minimal adverse effects, close monitoring and individualized patient care are essential, as are evaluating the risk–benefit ratio and the specific circumstances of each patient.
Thermophilic cellulases can play a crucial part in the efficient breakdown of cellulose—a major component of lignocellulosic plant biomass, however, their commercial production needs simple and robust biomanufacturing biosystems. In this study, two cellulases (β-glucosidase and endoglucanase) were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli under a chloroplast-derived constitutive promoter and expression-enhancing terminator. The genes encoding the cellulases were sourced from a thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima to exploit their industrially needed thermotolerance potential. The codon-optimized gene sequences were synthesized and placed under a tobacco chloroplast 16S rRNA promoter (Prrn), along with the 5′ UTR (untranslated region) from gene 10 of phage T7 (T7g10). A six-residue long histidine tag (His 6 -tag) was attached to the N-terminus for protein detection. A high-level of expression of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase in E. coli was recorded from the chloroplast promoter and terminator. Furthermore, the activity assays confirmed that the recombinant enzymes maintained their activity at elevated temperatures. Thermostability analysis showed that recombinant enzymes retained their thermotolerance even after being expressed in a non-native host. Where, β-glucosidase and endoglucanase showed their optimum activities at 90 °C and 100 °C, respectively. Examination of the 3D structures of T. maritima cellulases revealed differential ionic interactions contributing to this high degree of thermotolerance. The study highlights the feasibility of producing thermostable versions of recombinant enzymes in E. coli at high levels. Our finding underscores the potential of this approach to meet industrial demands for efficient enzyme production employing E. coli as a robust biomanufacturing platform.
Copper–indometacin (Cu-Indo) complex was prepared and X-ray diffraction, IR analysis, UV–V spectrophotometric analysis and thermal analysis of the formed (Cu-Indo) complex were used to characterize it. The formation constants for the complexation of CuCl2.2H2O and indometacin in methanol, ethanol, and their binary mixture with water were determined by the conductometric technique. Three stoichiometric complexes of copper–indometacin (1/2), (1/1), and (2/1) (M/L) were detected and their formation constants (Kf) were estimated by using the conductometric method and the Gibbs free energy change (ΔGf) was also estimated. The antimicrobial activities of indometacin and (Cu-Indo) complex have been studied using the disc diffusion method against Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae), Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis), and fungi (C. albicans). In B. cereus, the (Cu-Indo) complex has a larger inhibitory zone (Gram-positive bacteria). As a result, it can be utilized to treat B. cereus bacteria (cytotoxicity testing was not conducted in this study).
Introduction
This study involves several recently synthesized Schiff base derivatives of hydrochlorothiazide (3a-3e), characterized by advanced spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-, 13C-NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance), and High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS).
Method
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, 2 mM) was mixed with 2 mM aldehydes in ethanol (20 mL) in the presence of glacial acetic acid, and the product was stirred with the help of a magnetic stirrer under the specified conditions. Keeping in mind the importance of imine derivatives against DPPH radical, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity (in-vitro) using DPPH assay and diuretic activity (in-vivo) by Lipschitz method. All derivatives demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, exhibiting 52-86% inhibition.
Result
The compounds 3a-3e also displayed remarkable diuretic effects in an in-vivo model at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The computational studies of all the newly synthesized compounds were interpreted for the diuretic activity at the molecular level against human renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK1, PDB: ID) protein present on the nephron involved in diuresis indicating all compounds showed significant interactions at all receptors.
Conclusion
As the derivatives were more active than drugs in some regards; therefore, these derivatives will be beneficial and open new windows for research and additional pharmacological screening could be planned as part of the project's extension.
A computational model using the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is developed to analyze magneto-thermo-elastic stress sensitivity in nonlinear time-dependent anisotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs) via conduction and radiation mechanisms. The concept is demonstrated on a nonlinear time-dependent anisotropic functionally graded material which has been submerged in a uniform principal magnetic field emanating in the z-direction. A numerical strategy for method implementation for plane deformation is described, along with numerical computations for temperature, displacement, and thermal stress. First, the Kirchhoff transformation partially linearizes the heat conduction equation. The resultant equation was then discretized with the DRBEM. The heat radiation integral equation has been discretized using the DRBEM. The consequent two equation systems have been connected by removing the radiative heat fluxes from each set. The temperature field was determined by solving the final system of ordinary differential equations using a self-adaptive technique based on the Runge–Kutta method. The displacement field can then be determined with the equation of motion. The validity of DRBEM is checked by evaluating a nonlinear time-dependent anisotropic functionally graded material occupying a rectangular region, and the results agree well with previous ones. The data clearly reveal the impact of magnetic fields on the thermal stress sensitivity of isotropic, transversely isotropic, and orthotropic materials. The results also reveal the influence of graded parameters on the magneto-thermo-elastic stress sensitivity in conduction when compared to radiation.
A facile, mild, effective, and multicomponent protocol for the production of 4‑phosphorylated‐4H‑chromenes through an aldol condensation, Michael addition, and cyclization was established. The C─C, C─P, and C─O bonds were constructed during the reaction to produce the desired product from 2‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The synthesized compounds were characterized by standard techniques. The important features of this protocol are operational simplicity, moderate reaction conditions, the use of a low‐cost iron complex, and high atom economy.
Superconducting materials offer compact and lightweight electrical devices that can significantly alter high-field magnet technology and electric power production, offering an enhanced generation of electric power and high-capacity loss-less electric power transmission. Technological uses of high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) demand high critical current density and high critical field (Hc2). Achieving high critical current density for Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO) HTSC is challenging, so exploring the technical challenges, the factors that affect and the development efforts, and current research are discussed. The investigation of BSCCO HTSC discusses future advancements and innovations in BSCCO HTSC, exploring the possibilities of improved performance, broader commercialization, and new applications. Additionally, it addresses the barriers and limitations that must be overcome for BSCCO HTSC to become more widely integrated into various industries. So, the high anisotropic character of BSCCO HTSC is directly associated with these two parameters, Jc and Hc. One of the most commonly used techniques to increase values is the doping (substitution) of another element or nanoparticles, which generates artificial defects that increase flux pinning and the critical current density. This review sheds light on the basics of BSCCO superconducting materials, the key parameters, dopant roles, the industrial challenges, and the recent findings on the efforts made to improve the achievable critical current densities and overall superconducting properties for BSCCO HTSC.
A BSTRACT
The most frequent cystic lesions affecting the jaws are radicular cysts, which present radiographically as an oval or pear-shaped unilocular radiolucency in the periapical region. Radicular cysts are usually asymptomatic. This case study describes the surgical treatment of a radicular cyst involving two maxillary anterior teeth. The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed through a clinical and radiographic evaluation. An apicoectomy was performed, and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was placed as the apical barrier. This case report illustrates the effective surgical management of an extensive infected radicular cyst.
Background
Electrocardiography (ECG) is a standard method for studying the heart rate and heart electricity. The Apple Watch has recently been used to measure heart electricity via 30 seconds of ECG monitoring, but its validity is not known.
Methods
A cross-sectional study included a sample of 112 patients with chronic disorders, including cardiac patients with sinus rhythm, cardiac patients with irregular heart rhythm, and patients with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; their cardiac activity was investigated using the Apple Watch and ECG.
Results
The correlations were strong between the Apple Watch and the 12-lead ECG in the heart rate, PR intervals, QT intervals, QRS complex, and RR intervals in all patients’ subcategories (cardiac, hypertension, diabetic, and dyslipidemia patients).
Conclusion
The Apple Watch is valid for carrying out ECG in measuring the heart rate, PR intervals, QT intervals, QRS complex, and RR intervals of patients with cardiac and chronic diseases at rest; this may help in initial diagnosis for patients with cardiac diseases or those who are at risk of developing cardiac disease in the future.
Electrochemical sensing of paracetamol in polluted water was achieved using facile-synthesized tungsten oxide nanoparticles.
In this study, newly targeted phenothiazine-thiazolidin-4-one conjugates were synthesized and their structures were obtained using IR, NMR, and MS techniques. The cytotoxic effects of these newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in three different tumor cell lines: PC3, HepG2, and MCF-7. They exhibited significant cytotoxic selectivity toward the PC3 and MCF-7 cell lines, with some showing varying levels of activity against HepG2 cells. Conjugates 4a and 8b were particularly effective, demonstrating the highest cytotoxicity against the PC3 and MCF-7 lines, with IC50 values of 7.12 ± 0.29 μM and 8.29 ± 0.30 μM, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (CAIX and CAXII) was assessed by comparing the synthesized conjugates to the reference compound acetazolamide (AZA). Conjugates 4a, 4b, 4c, and 8b strongly inhibited CAIX, with IC50 values of 0.063 ± 0.012, 0.060 ± 0.033, 0.066 ± 0.009 μM, and 0.071 ± 0.043 μM, respectively, while showing limited inhibition of CAXII. Among the eight synthesized conjugates, their interactions with specific 3IAI amino acids were evaluated. The results showed that conjugates 8a and 8c had the highest binding affinities, suggesting that they may be further developed. The pharmacokinetic properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) of the phenothiazine-thiazolidin-4-one conjugates were predicted using SwissADME. Conjugates 8a, 8b, and 8c exhibited low gastrointestinal absorption and poor solubility, with conjugate 8a raising concerns regarding its drug-likeness criteria.
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