Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport

The design of a removable module is proposed in order to enable the use of open wagons for container transportation. This module secures a container placed on an open wagon considering conditions for its strength under conditions of the operational load. The use of rectangular pipes was proposed as profiles for the removable module. The possibility of optimizing the cross-section parameters of the beams of the removable module frame was investigated. The optimization was carried out according to the criterion of a reduction in the material consumption of the removable module frame. It was established based on the preformed calculations that this optimization contributes to reducing the unit mass of the frame beam by 1.5% compared to using a typical rectangular profile. A spatial model of the removable module was built, and its strength was calculated considering the results of the optimization process. The results of the calculations show that the strength of the removable module is ensured under the considered load schemes. Moreover, within the framework of the research, an experimental study of the hatch cover strength of an open wagon when loaded by the removable module was carried out. At the same time, experimental tests were carried out in laboratory conditions using the method of the electrical strain gage. It was established that the strength of the hatch cover is maintained. The conducted research will contribute to the creation and development of the use of open wagons for container transportation and, accordingly, to increasing the efficiency of containerized cargo transportation, including in international traffic.

This research aims to summarize and update the topic of recycling thermal insulation materials, exploring methods for their reuse and, when recycling is not possible, their disposal. The increasing amount of construction waste from demolished buildings, particularly thermal insulation materials, poses a challenge for the environment and human health. This challenge is especially evident in Ukraine, where the amount of construction waste from the war damage is growing daily. To reduce the impact on landfills, ecology, and to introduce a promising direction in the economy, it is necessary to implement measures for recycling and reusing such materials. The focus is on existing efficient recycling methods at the international level, disposal, and reuse of thermal insulation materials, as well as studying new technologies that could be adapted during the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine in the context of current environmental, economic, and technological challenges. The research includes the theoretical study of the physicochemical properties of materials for their use and recycling. In cases where recycling of certain materials is not feasible, methods for their energy recovery are considered. The research methodology involves a comprehensive evaluation of methods for determining their suitability for reuse, a comparative analysis of recycling technologies, combining theoretical, economic, and environmental approaches. The conclusions contain recommendations for implementing a more effective method of recycling thermal insulation materials in Ukraine, taking into account international experience and Ukrainian realities. This will contribute to the creation of sustainable models for managing construction waste, reducing negative environmental impacts, conserving resources, and enhancing the energy efficiency of reconstructed facilities.

Container transportation is currently the most promising type of combined transportation. This is justified by the mobility of containers, which allow the possibility of their transporting by almost all modes of transport. A significant share of container transportation falls on railway transport. Flat wagons are most often used for it. In connection with the intensification of container transportation by railway transport, open wagons have begun to be used for their transportation. To ensure the safety of container transportation in open wagons, it is important to study their loads. In this regard, the presented article highlights the features of the research conducted to determine the dynamic loading and strength of a container when transported on an open wagon. To determine the dynamic load acting on the container, mathematical modelling was performed. For this purpose, a mathematical model was formed. It describes the longitudinal loading of the container during transportation on an open wagon. The determined dynamic load value was considered when calculating the strength of the container. Two schemes of its loads were considered: the absence of pressure of the transported cargo on the end wall, as well as its presence. The strength calculation was performed using the finite element method, which is implemented in the SolidWorks simulation software. The calculation results showed that the strength of the container is not observed under the considered loading modes. The conducted studies will be useful developments in creating new technologies for container transportation and they will contribute to increasing the efficiency of container transportation operations.

The drift trajectories of untrapped (passing, circulating) and trapped particles have been analyzed in the axisymmetric tokamaks with circular and elliptic magnetic surfaces for arbitrary aspect ratios and elongation. Analytical expressions for the drift deflections and orbit-widths of plasma particles are derived using the self-consistent collisionless drift-kinetic equation for plasma particles in a tokamak with circular magnetic surfaces. The computational results demonstrate that the direction of toroidal magnetic drift of plasma particles is significantly influenced by the sign of their charge, the direction of their parallel velocity relative to the equilibrium magnetic field, and the particle's initial (starting) position on the magnetic surface. In the case of elongated tokamaks, the existence of the usual t-trapped particles and two groups of d-trapped particles on the elliptic magnetic surfaces is examined.

This article delves into the critical issue of stability in different types of tower cranes, specifically comparing those with rotating (slewing) towers and those with non-rotating (top-slewing) towers. It explores various methods to enhance the operational safety of these essential construction machines. Tower cranes, while indispensable in modern construction and heavy industries, are inherently susceptible to stability-related accidents due to their height, slenderness, and the dynamic nature of the loads they handle. This study comprehensively analyzes the influence of structural characteristics, operational loads, and a range of external forces on crane stability. The research explores factors such as wind loading, dynamic forces generated during operation (e.g., load swing, sudden stops), and even more extreme events like impact waves. The research methodology combines a thorough review of existing literature, standards, and regulations with advanced computational analysis and experimental validation. The literature review encompasses relevant standards, such as the EN 13001 series, Ukrainian national regulations, and research publications focusing on crane stability, dynamic load analysis, and safety improvement methods. This review identifies gaps in traditional calculation methods, particularly their limitations in accurately representing complex load combinations and the behavior of non-standard or modified crane configurations. To overcome these limitations, the study leverages 3D modeling and finite element analysis using industry-standard software. Detailed models of both rotating and non-rotating tower cranes are developed, allowing for a precise simulation of stress distributions, deformation patterns, and potential failure points under various loading scenarios. These models incorporate the specific geometric parameters, material properties, and connection details of the cranes. The finite element analysis approach allows for a significantly more accurate assessment of stress concentrations, particularly in critical areas such as the tower-to-base connection, compared to traditional methods of structural mechanics. The comparative analysis highlights key differences in the stability characteristics of the two crane types. The location of the center of gravity, the response to dynamic loads (especially during slewing operations), and the impact of wind forces are meticulously examined. The findings indicate that cranes with rotating towers exhibit a larger degree of load sway and potentially greater vulnerability to certain types of dynamic instability. To validate the theoretical and computational findings, experimental studies are conducted using a scaled-down (1:20) laboratory model of a KB-403 tower crane. A custom-designed computer program controls the model's movements, allowing for the precise simulation of various operational scenarios and the collection of empirical data on crane behavior. Based on the combined theoretical, computational, and experimental results, the research proposes a novel design concept: a tower crane with a load-compensating mechanism using a movable counterweight. The study outlines an algorithm for controlling the position of this counterweight, dynamically adjusting it based on real-time sensor data (load weight, jib extension, wind speed and direction, tower inclination, and stress levels in critical components). Furthermore, the article explores the potential integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to create an adaptive control system for enhanced stability. This system would utilize data from a network of sensors to predict and mitigate potential instability issues in real-time. The importance of ongoing data collection and continuous refinement of the artificial intelligence models is emphasized to ensure long-term reliability and effectiveness.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103/S1063457625010095

The importance of Industry 5.0 at the present stage of development is highlighted. The methodological basis of the study is represented by the methods of generalisation and system analysis, expert assessments, analysis and synthesis, graphical method, and method of analogy. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by determining the role and place of Industry 5.0 for transport and logistics market players in the context of transformational changes in the economy, as well as the creation of effective tools to increase the level of innovative development of transport and logistics services as one of the key goals within the framework of the Industry 5.0 development stage. Clarification and description of Industry 5.0 features by innovation aspects for transport and logistics service providers was carried out. An appropriate interpretation of the key steps in implementing Industry 5.0 in terms of the transport and logistics services innovatisation aspect is made. A breakthrough element for the implementation of Industry 5.0 in the aspect of innovating transport and logistics services for countries in transition and lagging far behind the leaders should be the added value chain.

The significant relevance of the problems of traffic flow planning in intelligent transport systems is pointed out, with a critical analysis of previous scientific studies on this issue. The proposed nonlinear dynamic model of traffic flow planning in intelligent transport systems was characterised. Mathematical modelling methods, methods of correlation and regression analysis, and expert assessments were used. A demonstration of the nonlinear dynamic model of traffic flow planning was carried out, with an example of data developed, and a corresponding optimisation problem formulated and solved. A separate matrix was prepared for each group of constraints. The problem prepared for optimisation was written in the format of the Portfolio Safeguard package. To solve the problem, Solver VANGRB was chosen, which uses the Gurobi optimisation package. The problem contained 1,280 variables Cksr and yksr each, as well as approximately 50,000 variables xjsrkt. The matrices contained about 1,280, 30,000, 18,000, 1,176 rows of constraints. The optimal values of the variables Cksr and yksr were found for pairs AB, AC, AD, AE, BA, CA for all types of agreements.

The role and place of digitisation and digitalisation in multimodal transportation of cargoes within the context of innovative development of the world transport and logistics markets are highlighted. The conducted critical analysis of scientific sources allowed to identify the unresolved part of the problem, which is to define innovative concepts of digitisation and digitalisation for market participants. The methodological basis of the study comprises analytical methods, methods of expert assessments, methods of system analysis and pairwise comparisons, and abstract and logical methods. The scientific novelty of the proposed study is determined by the clarification of the conceptual apparatus for defining the concepts of ‘digitisation’ and ‘digitalisation’, establishing the features of integration transformations, the impact of digitisation, digitalisation and digital transformation on the process of organising multimodal transportation, as well as the authors’ vision of digitisation and digitalisation innovation concepts for logistics operators and multimodal carriers. It has been determined that digitalisation and digital transformation will create qualitatively new conditions for multimodal transportation participants, which are described in detail in the study. In the proposed innovative concepts of digitisation and digitalisation for logistics operators and multimodal carriers, the purpose, strategic goals, subject-partner relations, tools and means of implementation were defined, which were described and characterised in detail.

The relevance of the chosen topic is determined to be the increasing role of multimodal connections of various transport modes and the need to identify theoretically justified and practically significant logistical aspects of organising multimodal deliveries in the context of sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study is formed by the methods of logic and abstraction, system and strategic analysis, theoretical generalisation and expert assessments, methods of conceptualisation and categorisation, heuristic forecasting and mathematical modelling. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the creation of effective tools for the systematic organisation of multimodal transportation under the conditions of spreading the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. Within this framework, the prerequisites for the implementation of effective multimodal delivery systems were identified, decision-making systems for multimodal transportation operators were improved, and a scheme for implementing and evaluating the strategies of participants in transport and logistics markets for multimodal cargo delivery was proposed.

The pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine have resulted in adjustments to the organisation of working hours in various areas of society, and not only in Ukraine. Employees look for remote work opportunities, while employers strive to control employees’ work by increasingly offering hybrid work models in addition to traditional work formats. Such hybrid work models comprise a combination of remote work and work at the employer’s premises. However, the authors argue that the legal regulation of this work format should be reconsidered in terms of its impact on work-life balance. Hybrid work formats should still provide an employee with the ability to separate work and personal life in order to avoid burnout and to genuinely be more effective. The purpose of this article is to analyse the legal regulation of “non-traditional” forms of labour organisation and develop recommendations for further improvement.

The kinetic regularities of the electrօspark sintering of SiC–TiC, SiC–VC composites at a pressure of 45 MPa and the temperatures of 1900 and 2000 °C have been established. At the first stage of the composite compaction process, the addition of TiC, VC impurities in the amount of 20 vol.% to silicon carbide with a dispersion of 2 μm increases the compaction rate by 1.3 and 1.1 times, respectively, and the addition of Ti, V carbides in the amount of 40 vol.% increases the compaction rate by 1.7 and 1.2 times, respectively. At the second stage of the compaction process, when Ti, V carbides are added in the amount of 40 vol.%, the compaction increases from 70% in silicon carbide to 99.9% in the 60SiC–40TiC composite and 91.2% in the 60SiC–40VC composite. Solid-phase sintering in composites with an admixture of titanium carbide is better than in composites with an admixture of vanadium carbide due to an increase in interaction at the phase boundaries: the interaction zone increases from ~1.0 μm at the boundaries of silicon carbide and vanadium carbide grains to ~1.5 μm at the boundaries of silicon carbide and titanium carbide grains.

Introduction. The formation of the stock market of Ukraine was initiated by the introduction of key laws. At the same time, the first Ukrainian shares and the first securities traders appeared, the formation of information and statistical data began, which makes it possible. To analyze the current state of the stock market, to study its trends and areas of support for the sustainable development of economic sectors. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic stock market in modern conditions. Results. The formation of the stock market of Ukraine was initiated by the introduction of key laws. At the same time, the first Ukrainian shares and the first securities traders appeared, the formation of informational and statistical data began, thanks to which it is possible to study the main trends of the functioning of the stock market. According to Market Classification MSCI research, the Ukrainian stock market belongs to the group of countries with a low level of stock market development. The Ukrainian stock market is mainly represented by the debt segment. With the beginning of the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, operations on the stock market were suspended. Financial contracts were concluded individually for five months, which prevented actions that could destroy the market. In that period, the main instrument on the stock market was bonds of the domestic state loan of Ukraine. The resumption of the functioning of the stock market was marked by a slow increase in the volume of financial contracts. During the ten months of 2024, the state of the stock market continues to be characterized mainly by transactions with debt securities, we observe a slight increase in the number of contracts on the stock market. Statistics on stock market instruments do not contain information on such a financial instrument as a promissory note, but its use is appropriate in securing and supporting the agricultural sector. Conclusion. Тhe stock market is mainly characterized by the debt segment in the form of OVDP; ten months of 2024 are characterized by positive dynamics of the volume of exchange contracts with securities; certain steps are being taken on the stock market to support the state and sectors of the economy; a negative feature of the domestic stock market is the lack of infrastructure for attracting foreign investors; Ukrainian companies choose foreign markets with higher liquidity and availability of capital.

Стаття розглядає проблему виховання, якою вона постає у творчості Еразма Роттердамського (бл. 1466-1536) та Григорія Сковороди (1722-1794). У статті зроблено спробу дослідити два протилежні підходи до виховання – основну увагу приділено мудрості та глупоті як двом можливим (інтенційним або неінтенційним) результатам виховання, що визначають долю як конкретної людини, так і суспільства загалом. Зокрема, стверджується, що праці Еразма Роттердамського мали значний вплив на формування поглядів Сковороди щодо виховання та стали основою для розробки деяких інших фундаментальних ідей, які знайшли відображення в його філософських творах. У статті підкреслюється важливість виховання як засобу олюднення особистості, розвитку її здатності до вільного вибору та соціалізації. Погляди Сковороди та Еразма співпадають у тому, що виховання є необхідною умовою становлення людини як особистості, однак вони розходяться в оцінці співвідношення світського та духовного аспектів у процесі виховання. Еразм вважав, що в його часах вихованню бракувало світського елементу, натомість Сковорода, який жив на 250 років пізніше, привертав увагу на брак духовного компоненту, що, на його думку, призводило до духовної спраги та глибоких внутрішніх проблем особистості. У контексті тогочасних проблем виховання обидва мислителі критикують тенденцію орієнтації суспільства на глупоту замість мудрості. Також особливу увагу приділено порівнянню їхніх поглядів на природу глупоти як джерела людських страждань і соціальних негараздів. Стаття має на меті не лише порівняти концепції виховання, запропоновані двома видатними філософами, а також спровокувати певні роздуми над природою та інтенціями виховання у національній освітній традиції. Аналіз ідей Сковороди та Еразма дозволяє поглибити розуміння філософії виховання, а також відкрити нові можливості для вдосконалення сучасної освітньої системи через рецепцію класичних гуманістичних цінностей.

Of particular importance is the problem of operational reliability and durability of locomotive power units (diesel engines), which equip a significant portion of freight and passenger rolling stock operating on non-electrified railway networks in Ukraine. This necessitates conducting computational and experimental studies of the stress-strain state of critical diesel engine parts and assemblies, among which the camshaft holds a special place. At the same time, such studies require, as one of the stages, measures aimed at developing an appropriate mathematical model that considers the peculiarities of formation of accumulating torque moments in the camshaft subsystem. Therefore, research aimed at developing a mathematical model that considers the design features of the mechanical system of a multi-cylinder locomotive diesel engine and allows obtaining simulation results of the camshaft stress state close to operational indicators should be considered relevant. The article highlights an approach to modeling torque accumulation in the diesel engine camshaft subsystem using a mathematical model developed by the authors, which takes into account the design features of the mechanical system of modern traction rolling stock. A structural-functional scheme of the locomotive power unit (LPU) mechanical system is presented, which was developed to study the interaction between its subsystems, the description of which is paramount among the series of stages in studying the loaded state of the LPU mechanical system elements. This scheme contains several subsystems, namely: the camshaft subsystem; cylinder modules; crankshaft; transmission mechanism; and auxiliary equipment. Its analysis allowed noting that loads in the camshaft subsystem are formed from the action of input torque and accumulation of series torque moments, which in turn include loads in the sections of valve gear cam mechanisms and high-pressure fuel pump drives. The presented results show the modeling of torque formation in the sections of intake and exhaust valves of the valve gear mechanism, fuel cams, and in the section of the camshaft drive gear. Generalized formulas are provided, which allowed obtaining arrays of torque moments in the sections of valve gear cam mechanisms and high-pressure fuel pump drives. It is noted that the formation of torque layering across cylinder modules occurs in accordance with the design features of the LPU mechanical system. Recommendations for further use of the obtained results are provided.

The article is devoted to the technical condition analysis of the structural elements of passenger cars of the "Passenger Company" branch. The cars were operated by the regional branch "Odessa Railway" of JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia". The vast majority of domestic passenger cars have been in operation since the end of the last century and have already exhausted their resource. The service life of such cars has been repeatedly extended taking into account the condition of the body and frame. But the issues of the condition of the internal equipment of carriages, the level of its environmental safety, the compliance of comfort systems with modern requirements of the European Union have always remained outside the attention of researchers. The comfort systems in passenger cars, which were designed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century, do not meet modern EU requirements. This concerns both environmental standards and material and labor costs for their maintenance in working condition. The low level of comfort causes dissatisfaction among passengers, who choose other carriers. The existing passenger economy system must ensure repair and restoration work during the technical maintenance of cars between trips. To carry out these works, it is necessary to have a sufficient number of spare parts and equipment. During operational planning, heads of the department must take into account the labor intensity of the performed work. Currently, the calculation of these indicators is carried out using some averaged values. They do not take into account either the degree of wear of the car equipment, nor the place and nature of its operation. The lack of reliable information about the actual level of wear and damage of life support systems leads to unjustified overspending of material resources. In order to ensure the rational operation of the Passenger Company departments that prepare passenger trains for trip, it is necessary to create a solid scientific basis for the rational planning of repair and restoration work during maintenance based on factual information on the technical condition of the elements of the internal equipment and life support systems of passenger cars. At the same time, the required number of spare parts and equipment must be provided to restore operability when preparing a car for a trip. The results of the study will be used by the administration of the Passenger Company to develop organizational and technical solutions to restore the functionality of the cars.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into occupational safety management systems is becoming increasingly relevant in today's rapidly evolving technological landscape. This study focuses on implementing intelligent systems for workplace safety in Ukraine, addressing the pressing need for national legislation to adapt to international standards and incorporate modern technologies. The significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance safety in work environments, ensuring the well-being of employees across various sectors. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the current state of AI adoption in occupational safety in Ukraine, identifying existing barriers and challenges enterprises face in the integration process. The research investigates the extent to which Ukrainian legislation reflects contemporary technological changes, particularly in AI, and how this compares to international practices. A comparative analysis reveals notable differences in the approach to workplace safety between Ukraine and other countries, highlighting areas where Ukraine lags in regulatory frameworks and technological implementation. This study involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, legislative documents, and case studies from industries where AI technologies have been successfully implemented. Key challenges identified include inadequate infrastructure, a lack of qualified personnel, and an updated regulatory framework addressing AI's unique aspects in occupational safety. The research emphasizes the importance of developing educational programs to enhance the skills of workers and managers in this field. The findings emphasize the necessity for a multi-faceted approach to overcome the identified obstacles. Recommendations include the active modernization of legislation, establishing national safety standards aligned with international requirements, and promoting collaboration with global organizations. By fostering a culture of safety that embraces technological advancements, Ukraine can effectively harness the potential of AI to improve workplace conditions. In conclusion, integrating AI into occupational safety management in Ukraine is both timely and essential. With the proper steps and commitment from all stakeholders, significant improvements can be achieved in workplace safety, reducing risks and enhancing productivity. This research contributes to the academic discourse on occupational safety and AI. It is a guiding framework for policymakers and industry leaders to create safer working environments.

The development of new products and services allows railway transport to constantly increase the fleet of specialised wagons, which, in comparison with the universal rolling stock, have the best technical and economic indicators. A significant part of cars is delivered by railways, and it is economically reasonable to transport them on a specialised rolling stock. In this regard, the development of a methodology for refined theoretical studies of the strength of bodies of a double-deck rolling stock for passenger cars transportation, the choice of appropriate design schemes and parameters of the bodies, the analysis of the frequencies and forms of their natural oscillations, taking into account the finite stiffness of the elements, are urgent research tasks. The research uses the methods of structural mechanics of rod systems, the applied theory of elasticity, and discrete masses. A wide range of frequencies and forms of the natural free oscillations was obtained using the discrete mass method for a structural scheme with load transfer from the upper to the lower level of the wagon with the help of four racks. The applied methodology of theoretical determination of frequencies and forms of the natural free oscillations of the car transporter wagon by the method of discrete masses is effective. It allows for the estimation of the dynamic characteristics of the wagon.

Problems Statement and Purpose. The article investigates the degradation of ecosystems in the Kharkiv region due to military actions, specifically in Kupiansk and Izyum districts. The destruction of plant cover and natural landscapes, exacerbated by fires and other war-related damages, poses long-term ecological challenges. The purpose of the study is to assess these impacts through satellite monitoring using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify the most affected areas and plan for their ecological restoration. Materials and Methods of Research. The research utilizes satellite images from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 platform to analyze changes in NDVI values between 2021 and 2024. This methodology allows for the detection of vegetation degradation in the studied areas and employs Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map and visualize the extent of environmental damage. NDVI indices are analyzed for variations over time, providing insights into the effects of military actions on the region's vegetation. Results. The results of the study indicate a dramatic reduction in NDVI values in the Kupiansk and Izyum districts, particularly in 2022, which coincided with the height of military activities in the region. NDVI values in 2022 showed a 48% decrease compared to 2021, reflecting the extensive loss of vegetation due to forest fires, bombings, and the movement of heavy military equipment, which caused both direct destruction and secondary effects such as soil compaction and erosion. In 2024, some recovery in NDVI values was observed, but these remained significantly lower than pre-war levels, indicating that full ecological recovery has not yet been achieved. The study further identified key ecological hotspots where vegetation loss was most severe, particularly in areas close to conflict zones, such as military bases and frontlines. The analysis showed that forested areas suffered the greatest damage, with significant portions of these ecosystems either destroyed or severely degraded. The GIS-based analysis also revealed a correlation between the intensity of military actions and the degree of vegetation loss, with the most severely affected areas being those that experienced sustained bombardment and heavy combat. The data suggest that the recovery of these areas will require substantial effort, including reforestation, soil remediation, and the implementation of erosion control measures to prevent further degradation. Conclusions. 1). The war has led to significant environmental damage in the Kharkiv region, with substantial loss of vegetation cover and ecosystem services. 2). The NDVI analysis highlights the most affected areas, showing both the immediate and lingering effects of war on plant cover. 3). Continued monitoring and a comprehensive ecological restoration strategy are necessary to restore the region's natural landscapes, with reforestation and soil recovery being critical components. This study provides a crucial foundation for further research on the ecological impacts of warfare and offers practical recommendations for the restoration of war-torn ecosystems in Ukraine. The findings can be applied to other conflict-affected regions, emphasizing the need for a proactive approach to environmental recovery in post-war scenarios.