Trisakti University

This conceptual paper addresses the gap in integrating sustainability into organizational strategy and performance measurement. While many organizations recognize the importance of sustainability, they often struggle to translate this recognition into actionable strategies and effective performance management. Drawing on the ethical sustainability governance framework (Suhardjo et al., 2024), this study proposes a sustainability strategy map and integrated sustainability performance scorecard framework as an approach to integrating sustainability into business operations and decision-making. Building on the balanced scorecard and strategy map, this framework incorporates environmental, social, cultural, and technological dimensions alongside financial considerations. This framework enables organizations to map material sustainability issues to strategic objectives and measures performance against these objectives. To demonstrate the practical application of this framework, this study analyzes the sustainability practices of three global companies: Kao, PepsiCo, and Schneider Electric, to assess their alignment with the ethical sustainability governance framework and how they might fit the proposed framework. Through the analysis of case studies, we aim to provide insights into how organizations can implement sustainability initiatives and measure their impact. It provides a practical tool for aligning sustainability initiatives with overall business strategy, fostering the establishment of sustainable business models and a culture of sustainability, and creating long-term value.

Objectives A four‐dimensional structure for oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) was recently proposed, comprising oral function (OF), orofacial pain (OP), orofacial appearance (OA) and psychosocial impact (PI). This study examined the impact of different temporomandibular disorder (TMD) symptoms on the four OHRQoL dimensions in young adults. It also correlated the four dimensions with the seven Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) domains. Methods Young adults were recruited from a large university. The quintessential five TMD symptoms (5Ts) and OHIP‐14 were used to assess TMD symptoms and OHRQoL. Participants were categorised into no (NT), pain‐related (PT), intra‐articular (IT) and combined (CT) TMD groups, and total, dimension and domain OHIP scores were computed. Data were evaluated using the chi‐square test and non‐parametric analyses ( α = 0.05). Results Among the 1097 eligible participants (mean age 19.9 years [SD = 1.3]; 69.7% women), 47.2% reported no TMD symptoms, while 20.5%, 14.9% and 17.4% had PT, IT and CT TMD symptoms, respectively. Significant differences in OHIP scores were noted between individuals with and without TMD symptoms across all dimensions and domains (CT, PT, IT > NT). Additionally, notable distinctions in normalised dimension scores were evident in all participant groups (OP, OA > OF, PI). Moderate to strong correlations were discerned between OHIP dimensions and domain, except for OA with functional limitation ( r s = 0.35). Conclusions Adopting the four dimensions as the standard metric for assessing OHRQoL can improve study comparability and enhance understanding of TMD impacts.

Background: Astrocytoma is a common pediatric brain tumor that poses a significant health burden. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural network algorithms, have been studied for their precision and efficiency in medical diagnostics via effectively analyzing imaging data to identify patterns and anomalies. Objective: To systematically review AI-based diagnostic tools with neural network algorithms’ methodologies, sensitivities, specificities, and potential clinical integration for pediatric astrocytoma, providing a consolidated perspective on their overall performance and impact on clinical decision-making. Methods: As per PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect on February 5, 2024. The search strategy was guided by a PECO question focusing on pediatric astrocytoma diagnosis using AI algorithms vs computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Keywords were terms related to AI and neural network algorithms. We included studies analyzing the diagnostic accuracy of AI-based methods in cases of pediatric astrocytoma (World Health Organization grades 1-3), with no restrictions on a publication year or country. We excluded papers written in languages other than English or Bahasa Indonesia and nonhuman studies. Data was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Results: Of 454 articles screened, 6 met inclusion criteria. These studies varied in design, location, and sample size, ranging from 10 to 135 subjects. The AI methods showed high sensitivity and specificity, often surpassing traditional radiological techniques. Notably, neural network algorithms using 3-dimensional MRI demonstrated improved accuracy compared with 2-dimensional MRI (96% vs 77%). The AI models exhibited performance levels comparable to or exceeding that of expert radiologists, with metrics such as tumor classification accuracy of 92% and high values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusions: AI with neural network algorithms shows significant promise in enhancing accuracy of pediatric astrocytoma diagnosis. The studies reviewed indicate that these advanced methods can achieve superior sensitivity and specificity compared with conventional diagnostic techniques. Integrating AI into clinical practice could substantially improve diagnostic precision and patient outcomes.

Background Stunting has a negative impact on the growth and development of children, which include their susceptibility to dental caries. Caries in primary teeth have been consistently related to malnutrition. Having a history of severe caries was connected with slower childhood growth. We aimed to explain the updated trend of association between stunting and dental caries among all age groups. Methods A review was done using PRISMA. PubMed and Science Direct was used as database from Jan 2022 to Jan 2023. Studies obtained using specific keywords was 1.748 then filtered. All of the studies that were obtained using specific keywords about stunting and DMFT and or PUFA index. There is no limited year in this systematic search. Endnote software was used to help with the inclusion process; data was extracted into a table that had been prepared. Results There were 10 included studies in this systematic review. Eight studies that reported higher dental caries in stunting children than the normal children. Two studies showed a connection between developing stunting malnutrition and severe dental caries. Early childhood caries may increase vulnerability to dental caries by causing odontogenesis to fail, delayed tooth eruption and changes in the salivary glands. Children’s ability to eat and sleep may be negatively impacted by untreated caries pain. It might result in decreased nutrient intake and poor appetite, while sleep disturbances might prevent growth hormones from being secreted. Conclusion There was a correlation between dental caries and growth stunting because of a decrease in the composition of saliva and defects in tooth formation in children suffered stunting. Thus, there were oral functional limitations and a decrease in food intake since severe dental caries.

Background/Objective: This study explores the epidemiology and clinical features of re-emerging mpox in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a retrospective study design to describe the epidemiological data, clinical features, and mortality of mpox patients from August 2022 to December 2023. In addition, this study also aims to identify the differences in both the epidemiology and clinical features of mpox in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and in non-HIV patients (non-PLHIV). Results: Our study shows that, as of the end of December 2023, 59 mpox cases were treated in Jakarta. All of the mpox cases in Jakarta were diagnosed in males, mainly found in MSM (91.5%), and PLHIV (78%). Most patients would manifest with fever, rash, and skin lesions. Syphilis was found as a concomitant infection in this group (22/59, 37.2%). Severe manifestations were found among PLHIV without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conclusions: Mpox cases in Jakarta were all found in males and most of them were PLHIV. There are various manifestations of mpox; however, since immunosuppressed patients could present differently, a strong surveillance and vaccine notification system, cautious management, and spreading vaccination awareness are needed to prevent and treat mpox.

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in measuring upper airway volume in orthodontics. The secondary aim was to compare the upper airway volumes between laypeople and military personnel (physically fit individuals). Material and Methods This study included 36 male participants aged 21–29 years who had no upper airway pathology or history of upper airway surgery. CBCT scans had been previously obtained as part of routine dental checkups using a standardized protocol by the same operator. The digital imaging and communications in the medicine files of the subjects were imported into the 3D analysis software SimPlant ® 17 Pro (Materialize Dental, Leuven, Belgium) to facilitate the measurement of upper airway volume. The upper airway volume was divided into three sections and measured on days 0 and 14 by the same operator. The intrarater intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess reliability. The upper airway volumes of the laypeople and military personnel were compared using Tukey’s pairwise test. Results The variables demonstrated excellent reliability across all sections of the upper airway; the Superior part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.993, the middle part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.995, and the inferior part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.989. The ICC for the entire upper airway was 0.987. The intrarater plot for superior airway measurement showed that 8 out of 8 measurements (100%) fell within the limits of agreement. Similarly, the intrarater plot for the middle airway measurements indicated that 8 out of 8 measurements (100%) fell within the limits of agreement. For inferior airway measurement, the intrarater plot revealed that 7 out of 8 measurements (87.5%) fell within the limits of agreement. No significant differences were found between the upper airway volumes of the laypeople and military personnel. Conclusion Preliminary evidence suggests that CBCT using a standardized protocol is reliable for measuring upper airway volume. Separating the upper airway into three different parts also demonstrated high reliability and reproducibility among the raters. The ability to accurately measure the upper airway enhances the evaluation of the effects of orthodontic treatment by comparing the pre-and post-upper airway volume.

Purpose of this study to analyze workplace ostracism and perceived organizational support effect on turnover intention and job satisfaction as a mediator. This is a quantitative research with a cross sectional design. Data collection techniques using questionnaire and literature studies. Population of this research is employees of multinational companies in Indonesia. The research sample amounted to 385 respondents. Using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software. The outcomes indicate that ostracism negatively effect job satisfaction and positively effect intention to turnover. Proven job satisfaction as a mediator of workplace ostracism on turnover intention. Meanwhile, perceived organizational support has a positive effect on job satisfaction, but has no effect on turnover intention. However, when perceived organizational support is mediated by job satisfaction, it will have a negative effect on intention to turnover. This shows job satisfaction as a full mediator. Companies must try to rise employee job satisfaction. This can be done through increasing fair promotion opportunities. Companies can take concrete steps to reduce turnover intention such as awareness campaigns about the importance of friendly and respectful communication, and soft skills training that emphasizes the importance of ethics in daily communication.

The nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology implemented in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) suffers from fouling issues, which cause a decrease in the flux value and performance of the NF membrane. Fouling can be reduced by incorporating pre-treatment units such as the multimedia filter unit (MMF) and activated carbon filter (CF). Therefore, this research aims to minimize fouling and maintain optimal membrane flux and performance by integrating pre-treatment units such as MMF and CF, as well as conducting detailed flux modeling. The models simulate transport phenomena within the NF membrane system, emphasizing the impact of concentration polarization and fouling on flux and overall performance across various pre-treatment configurations under non-steady state conditions. Configuration of MMF-CF-NF demonstrated the highest overall efficiency in reducing ammonia concentration by 97.5%, nitrite by 100%, and 100% by TSS. Furthermore, the values of the solvent transport coefficient (Aw), the solute transport coefficient (Bs), and the contaminant accumulation volume (X) varied for each configuration due to different treatments, leading to varying membrane workloads. Validation and statistical analysis of the permeate concentration model demonstrated that the developed model has a strong capability to accurately describe and predict the filtration process using the NF membrane, with solute transport coefficient contributing most significantly to influencing the concentration permeate NF.

This article presented the data of REEs (Rare Earth Elements) analysis from exploitation of Bangka tin tailing, Indonesia. Nowadays, REEs have broad applications in modern industry such as computer memory, DVDs, rechargeable batteries, cell phones, catalytic converters, fluorescent lighting, negative ion generators, and much more. A 30 min. and 400 rpm froth flotation method has utilized 0.06 M sodium oleate flotation agent, 0.07 M KClO3 depressant, and 2.0 M HCl for pH arrangement of 10.0 g sample to analyse REEs from 170 mesh Bangka tin tailing at 25 °C. The analysis is found to be cerium (1.60 %, pH 7.0), neodymium (0.70 %, pH 7.0), and thorium (0.95 %, pH 8.0) in the collector, while at the same time, the concentrations of cerium (9.45 %, pH 7.0), neodymium (3.15 % pH 7.0), and thorium (3.90 %, pH 8.0) in the tailing (depressant) applying froth flotation method. Based on the variation of KClO3 concentrations at the given condition (0.06 M sodium oleate, pH 7.0, 30 min., 400 rpm. 25 °C), the recovery of REEs in the collector using froth flotation method is as follows: the highest concentrations of cerium (11.80 %) and neodymium (3.93 %) were obtained at 0.005 M KClO3 and pH 7.0, while the highest concentrations of thorium (4.50 %) obtained at KClO3 free (none KClO3) at the same pH. The utilization of sodium oleate flotation agent and KClO3 depressant in the flotation REE recovery from tin tailing can be viewed as a new contribution of this study since unpublished previous work applied palmitate collector and no any depressant for REE recovery from the same mining area. The contribution of REE analysis from Bangka tin tailing applying froth flotation method is valuable for mining industry.

Rationale Vanishing lung syndrome is rare and can be associated with a history of smoking and marijuana use. The occurrence of giant bullae can also be linked to infections, particularly tuberculosis in tropical countries. Patient concerns A 26-year-old male complained of weakness, severe vomiting, and reduced breathlessness when lying on the left side. He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis two years ago. Diagnosis Symptomatic bradycardia in tuberculosis-related giant bullae. Interventions The patient was recommended to undergo an elective bullectomy, but he decided not to proceed with the procedure. Atropine sulfate was administered to alleviate symptoms of bradycardia, while a standardized anti-tuberculosis regimen were started for the next six months. Outcomes Following 7 days of intensive care treatment involving antituberculosis medications and atropine sulfate, the patient achieved hemodynamic stability, opting against bullectomy despite residual symptoms of dyspnea. Subsequent six months of antituberculosis therapy notably alleviated symptoms without requiring bullectomy. Lessons Increasing intrathoracic pressure can also be caused mechanically by giant bullae. Cardiac symptoms in vanishing lung syndrome are reversible and can be alleviated once the underlying cause is addressed. In this case, symptomatic bradycardia was reduced only with tuberculosis treatment without bullectomy intervention.

Introduction Delineating subthalamic nucleus (STN) boundaries using microelectrode recordings (MER) and trajectory history is a valuable resource for neurosurgeons, aiding in the accurate and efficient positioning of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes within the STN. Here, we aimed to assess the application of artificial intelligence, specifically Hidden Markov Models (HMM), in the context of STN localization. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was employed, encompassing electronic databases, including PubMed, EuroPMC, and MEDLINE. This search strategy entailed a combination of controlled vocabulary (e.g., MeSH terms) and free-text keywords pertaining to “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “deep learning,” and “deep brain stimulation.” Inclusion criteria were applied to studies reporting the utilization of HMM for predicting outcomes in DBS, based on structured patient-level health data, and published in the English language. Results This systematic review incorporated a total of 14 studies. Various machine learning compared wavelet feature to proposed features in diagnosing the STN, with the HMM yielding a diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 838.677 (95% CI: 203.309–3459.645). Similarly, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model produced parameter estimates, including a diagnostic odds ratio of 25.151 (95% CI: 12.270–51.555). Meanwhile, the support vector machine (SVM) model exhibited parameter estimates, with a DOR of 13.959 (95% CI: 10.436–18.671). Conclusions MER data demonstrates significant variability in neural activity, with studies employing a wide range of methodologies. Machine learning plays a crucial role in aiding STN diagnosis, though its accuracy varies across different approaches.

Background: The aim of the present parallel clinical study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3D-printed biopolymers compounded with osteoconductive material (beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) for soft tissue closure after tooth extraction. Materials and Methods: this study followed the CONSORT reporting guidelines; 39 patients were treated with socket preservation using 3D-printed biopolymers and randomly divided into 3 groups (Test 1, Test 2, and Control). All cases were treated without flap elevation, careful cleaning and debridement of the sites, and then randomly sealed as follows: In T1, with a 3D-printed disk of poli-D-lactic acid with 10% of hydroxyapatite; in T2, using a 3D-printed disk of poli-ε caprolactone with 20% of β-tricalcium phosphate; and in T3, the socket was left open to heal. At baseline (extraction time) and 6 weeks after extraction, the rate of exposure was evaluated and stratified according to the site (anterior, posterior). Results: No dropouts were observed during the 6 weeks follow-up. All sites underwent uneventful healing with no complications. For posterior teeth, Test 1 and Test 2 showed full healing of the soft tissues with a reduction of the exposed area from 46.5 ± 8.25 mm² to 0.6 ± 0.84 mm² and from 47.1 ± 8.67 mm² to 0.6 ± 0.7 mm², respectively. The Control group exhibited a reduction from 45.6 ± 7.25 mm² to 1.2 ± 0.9 mm². Both Tests 1 and 2, when compared to the Control group, showed statistically significant better healing (p < 0.05). Anterior teeth showed a complete closure of the socket 4 weeks after the extraction with no noticeable differences between Test and Control. Conclusions: Both materials used in this study showed evidence to achieve the purpose. Ethical Guidelines: written informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study, as requested by the Ethics Committee for Health Research Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, with the following number: 641/S3/KEPK/FKG/5/2023.

Bordetella pertussis infection is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can cause complications such as pneumonia and death. A total of 62,646 cases of pertussis worldwide were reported by WHO in 2022. This study aimed to obtain the pertussis seroprevalence and sociodemographic data in children aged 1–14 years and its association factors in the community based on Riskesdas 2013 and 2018. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out on data from 12,753 children aged 1–14 years collected from Riskesdas 2013 and 2018 in Indonesia. Pertussis serology data was obtained based on the results of the ELISA examination which was categorized as seropositive if anti-pertussis toxin IgG ≥ 100 IU/mL or anti-pertussis IgG > 11 NTU. Pertussis seropositive indicated recent pertussis infection if no pertussis vaccine was received within the last twelve months. Pertussis seroprevalence was found at 9.8% and 33.4% in Riskesdas 2013 and 2018 respectively. While 10.1% of children aged 5–14 years were found pertussis seropositive by excluding the possible effect of vaccination in the last twelve months in Riskesdas 2013. The most important associated factor in seropositive pertussis at ages 1–4 years and 5–14 years was a history of pneumonia in the last month (OR = 2.709, 95%CI: 2.592–2.831 in Riskesdas 2013 and OR = 2.421, 95%CI: 2.299–2.550 in Riskesdas 2018). In the adjusted analysis for respondents’ characteristics, low maternal education was the predictive factor that most influenced pertussis seropositivity, especially in the 2013 Riskesdas (APOR = 2.983, 95%CI: 2.670–3.333). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the seroprevalence of pertussis was high, especially in children aged 5–14 years, so that pertussis vaccine booster administration could be considered. Because the most influencing factor towards pertussis seropositive was low maternal education, the groups of children with low-educated mothers should be targets for strengthening complete vaccination coverage and disease control.

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of Herding Behavior, JCI Return, and Fed Fund Rate on the dependent variable, namely Foreign Portfolio Investment which is proxy for Total Foreign Buying. The control variables used are Gross Domestic Product, Market Capitalization, and Inflation. Sample The data used in this study is a time series data, which is data grouped based on a specific time in the form of a monthly from 2018-2023. The data used was obtained from various sources, including Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Jakarta Stock Exchange (IDX) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). This study uses individual time effect panel data regression processed using Eviews 13. In addition to using Time-Effect with panel data, the application of the Chow test in the research period (2018-2023) will be divided into 3 sub-periods, namely the 2018-2019 sub-period, the 2020-2021 sub-period, and the 2022-2023 sub-period of 24 months each. The results of the research obtained, Herding Behavior, Market Capitalization and Inflation have a positive and significant effect on Foreign Portfolio Investment as measured by Total Foreign Buying. JCI Returns, Fed Fund Rate, and Gross Domestic Product have a negative and significant effect on Foreign Portfolio Investment as measured by Total Foreign Buying. The exchange rate does not have a significant effect on Foreign Portfolio Investment as measured by Total Foreign Buying.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Knowledge Management mediated by Good University Governance to the Performance of 23 Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah private universities (PTMA) in Indonesia. The methodology used was the quantitative approach, tested with Structural Equation Model Analysis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS) from population numbers of 12.970 permanent lecturers from all over Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah universities in Indonesia. The sampling method used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling techniques. The respondents were 245 permanent lecturers from 23 PTMA which have Faculty of Economy and Business and formally joined the Association of Faculty Economy and Business Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah (AFEB PTMA) all over Indonesia. The results of the study found that the loading factors of validity test results shown ≥ 0.70 which means valid, the loading factors of validity test results of Good University Governance is also ≥ 0.70 which means valid. Both Knowledge Management and Good University Governance have valid reliability test results which Cronbach’s Alpha ‘score ≥ 0.60. Concluded that there positive impact of Knowledge Management mediated by Good University Governance to the Muhammadiyah Aisyiyah private universities.

Tunnel #11 is one of thirteen tunnels for the first Indonesian high-speed railway (HSR) project connecting two of its biggest cities, i.e., Jakarta and Bandung. It was built using the drill-and-blast method. Since the tunnel is located in a densely populated urban area, the effect of blasting on ground vibration needs to be monitored carefully. This paper evaluates the effect of Tunnel 11 blasting on the surrounding environment through field monitoring. Four Minimate Plus units were used to monitor the blast-induced ground vibration, acceleration and air blast during the tunnel construction. Crack monitoring kits were used to measure the width of existing cracks in 61 residential houses, while 4 GPS units, 2 slope inclinometers, and 1 Robotic Total Station were used to monitor ground displacement in the residential area and slopes closest to the tunnel portal. The findings demonstrate that Tunnel 11 blasting was safe and complied with national and international standards. All monitored ground vibrations in residential areas were below PPV = 2 mm/s, while air blasts were largely maintained below 94 dB for a four-second blast duration. No structural or cosmetic damage was observed in the residential houses, as there was no noticeable widening of the existing cracks or formation of new ones in any of the inspected houses. The blasting also did not induce unwarranted ground displacement in the residential area and the monitored slopes. PPV and PPA prediction equations were developed based on 683 blast data collected, resulting in a practical blasting chart for designing future tunnel blasting. The findings of this study emphasize the vital role of monitoring ground vibration, air blast, structural damage, and ground displacement in safeguarding and controlling the adverse effects of tunnel blasting in urban areas.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation of cancer cells that are believed to initiate and drive cancer progression. In animal models, xenotransplanted CSCs have demonstrated the ability to produce tumors. Since their initial isolation in blood cancers, CSCs have been identified in various solid human cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to their tumorigenic properties, dysregulated stem-cell-related signaling pathways—Wnt family member (Wnt), neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch), and hedgehog—have been shown to endow CSCs with characteristics like self-renewal, phenotypic plasticity, and chemoresistance, contributing to recurrence and treatment failure. Consequently, CSCs have become targets for new therapeutic agents, with some currently in different phases of clinical trials. Notably, small molecule inhibitors of the hedgehog signaling pathway, such as vismodegib and glasdegib, have been approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. Other strategies for eradicating CSCs include natural compounds, nano-drug delivery systems, targeting mitochondria and the CSC microenvironment, autophagy, hyperthermia, and immunotherapy. Despite the extensive documentation of CSCs in OSCC since its first demonstration in head and neck (HN) SCC in 2007, none of these novel pharmacological approaches have yet entered clinical trials for OSCC patients. This narrative review summarizes the in vivo and in vitro evidence of CSCs and CSC-related signaling pathways in OSCC, highlighting their role in promoting chemoresistance and immunotherapy resistance. Additionally, it addresses methodological challenges and discusses future research directions to improve experimental systems and advance CSC studies.

Ridge preservation is an important technique for maintaining the dimensions of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction, which is crucial for successful tooth rehabilitation. The combination of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite has shown promise as a scaffold material containing growth factors that can stimulate osteogenic-related factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin. This stimulation leads to collagen production and osteoblast proliferation, resulting in new bone formation. In this study, bovine amniotic membrane-hydroxyapatite (BAM-HA) composites were prepared using three different ratios of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite (2 : 3, 3 : 7, 7 : 13). Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats had their first incisors extracted, and different types of BAM-HA were applied for ridge preservation. The control group received no treatment, while the positive control group was given xenograft. After 14 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Additionally, a histological examination was conducted to analyse collagen thickness and osteoblast cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that the application of BAM-HA significantly increased collagen density, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteoclacin compared to the control group (p<0.05) on both days 14 and 28. Furthermore, increasing the hydroxyapatite content in the composite was found to enhance collagen thickness, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of osteogenic-related factors. These preliminary findings suggest that the combination of BAM-HA can be used for ridge preservation to prevent further bone resorption following tooth extraction.

Introduction Elbow stiffness is an uncommon condition that significantly impacting a patient's daily activities. Trauma is the most frequent cause of elbow stiffness. However, capitellum fractures are rare, accounting for approximately 1 % of elbow fractures. They are often misdiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms and the complex anatomy of the elbow joint. Case presentation We report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with left elbow stiffness eight months after a traumatic incident. On physical examination, her left elbow extension was +10°, and flexion was restricted to 65°, with no limitation in pronation or supination. Imaging studies revealed a malunited capitellum with osteophytes at the posterolateral site of the olecranon. A 3D-printed model of her elbow was created based on a CT scan to aid surgical planning. She underwent capsulectomy and osteotomy and was stabilized with two bioabsorbable P(L/DL)LA pins. Six months postoperatively, the patient's elbow range of motion was fully restored, and no complications were observed. Clinical discussion Elbow stiffness resulting from the malunion of a capitellum fracture typically necessitates surgical intervention to restore functional movement in the elbow. Conclusion Capitellum fractures are uncommon and frequently underdiagnosed, leading to complications such as elbow stiffness and reduced functionality. Early detection is crucial, as delayed diagnosis can result in complex management due to malunion. 3D printing from CT scans helps surgeons accurately evaluate malunions and plan precise surgical interventions.

The nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology used in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) encounters fouling issues. Fouling can be mitigated by incorporating pre-treatment units such as multimedia filters (MMF) and activated carbon filters (CF). This research aims to optimize the RAS configuration using MMF, CF, and NF90-4040 membranes to identify the most effective treatment system for reducing organic contaminants in aquaculture water. The performance of RAS was monitored and evaluated by the decrease in membrane flux and the efficiency of each configuration in reducing concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and total suspended solids (TSS). The combination of MMF, CF, and NF (V1) demonstrated the highest overall efficiency, reducing ammonia concentration by 97.5% and nitrite by 100%. The MMF unit in V1 reduced ammonia and nitrite levels by 36.25% and 35.48%, respectively, while the CF unit further reduced ammonia and nitrite levels by 86.27% and 10%, respectively. The NF unit reduced ammonia by 71.43% and nitrite by 100%. Moreover, V1 exhibited a smaller decrease in flux value compared to the combination of MMF and NF (V2) and CF and NF (V3). The optimized RAS reactor in V1 achieved a 100% reduction in nitrate and TSS, highlighting its superior performance in treating aquaculture water effectively.