TU Dortmund University

The coupled electron-nuclear spin system in an InGaAs semiconductor as testbed of nonlinear dynamics can develop auto-oscillations, resembling time-crystalline behavior, when continuously excited by a circularly polarized laser. We expose this system to deviations from continuous driving by periodic modulation of the excitation polarization, revealing a plethora of nonlinear phenomena that depend on modulation frequency and depth. We find ranges in which the system’s oscillations are entrained with the modulation frequency. The width of these ranges depends on the polarization modulation depth, resulting in an Arnold tongue pattern. Outside the tongue, the system shows a variety of fractional subharmonic responses connected through bifurcation jets when varying the modulation frequency. Here, each branch in the frequency spectrum forms a devil’s staircase. When an entrainment range is approached by going through an increasing order of bifurcations, chaotic behavior emerges. These findings can be described by an advanced model of the periodically pumped electron-nuclear spin system. We discuss the connection of the obtained results to different phases of time matter.

Scientists examine how fake news shapes public reception toward media platforms as they analyze the obstacles that journalists face when producing factual reports. The research studies fake news operations through surveys in addition to media professional interviews and fake news article content analysis to understand its procedures along with public consequences and control methods. The study reveals social media recommendations as the main source that drives fake news distribution which creates growing partisan beliefs and mistrust between both mass and online news outlets. The emotional intensity in fake news reports results in rapid dissemination because of these strong responses, particularly when they cause anger. Fact-checking websites haven't significantly improved public ability to spot fake news, as 68% of people still remain confused. The paper underlines media monitoring as the foundation for addressing fake news through increased media literacy education as well as transparent journalistic practices and rigorous fact-checking systems.

Zusammenfassung Das Engagement der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland in der Klimapolitik ist bei einigen systematischen Theologen auf massive Kritik gestoßen. Diese sehen darin einen Verrat an der protestantischen Identität. Sie diagnostizieren regelrechte Irrlehren in theologischen Zentralgehalten wie der Unterscheidung von Gesetz und Evangelium, Glaube und Politik und der Weltüberlegenheit Gottes. Die Kirche mutiere so zu einer moralisch-politischen Pseudoreligion. Diese Kritik evangelischer Theologen findet auch Zustimmung auf katholischer Seite. Dieser Artikel analysiert die theologische Strategie dieser Ablehnung christlichen Ökologie-Engagements. Er macht die theologische Fragwürdigkeit der aufgestellten Alternativen deutlich. Hinter der Geste einer Verteidigung theologischer Tradition steckt eine sehr wohl politische Theologie, die jedoch ihren eigenen politischen Gehalt verbirgt. Der Beitrag kritisiert das darin zum Ausdruck kommende Verständnis von Kirche mit dem aus der Neuen Politischen Theologie (Johann Baptist Metz) stammenden Begriff der „bürgerlichen Religion“. Die Überschneidungen von Positionen der hier besprochenen Theologen angesichts der Klimakrise mit der Religionspolitik der Neuen Rechten macht diese Form theologischer Transformationsdistanz missbrauchbar und gefährlich. Der Versuch, ökologisches Engagement von Christ:innen und Kirchen als Häresie darzustellen, macht deutlich, dass hier tatsächlich das Verhältnis von Kirche und Welt, Christlichkeit und Politik grundsätzlich zur Debatte steht. Der Beitrag versteht sich als ein Versuch zur Ideologiekritik dieser Debatte.

A search for a dark photon, a new light neutral particle, which decays promptly into collimated pairs of electrons or muons is presented. The search targets dark photons resulting from the exotic decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson, assuming its production via the dominant gluon-gluon fusion mode. The analysis is based on $140~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ 140 fb - 1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $\text {T}\text {e}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}$ Te V . Events with collimated pairs of electrons or muons are analysed and background contributions are estimated using data-driven techniques. No significant excess in the data above the Standard Model background is observed. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson decay into dark photons between 0.001% and 5%, depending on the assumed dark photon mass and signal model.

The restrictions imposed by the Covid-19-pandemic have led to a surge in digitalization in youth work as well, which will shape its further development. This article poses the question of how the digital transformation of youth work can succeed by utilizing existing potential. It is based on the development of a digital platform for youth work in the Erasmus+ project ViSAS. The results show that not all of the success factors of traditional youth work can be transferred 1:1 and what adaptations need to be made to the special conditions in the digital space.

A series of spiroisatin‐based hydrazide conjugates IV(a–t) were synthesized and structurally characterized using spectral data, with compound IV‐a further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their biological potential in a cell‐painting assay. Among the synthesized spiroisatin derivatives, compound IV‐p exhibited significant activity in inducing cellular morphological changes, with induction value of 30.6%. Additionally, some compounds showed high biosimilarities with marketed drugs. Specifically, the compounds IV‐n and IV‐p showed a high biosimilarity with the orally active iron chelator deferasirox, and IV‐m showed high a biosimilarity with the kinase inhibitor alisertib. Furthermore, compounds IV‐p showed significant inhibition against human breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231= 82.37%) and colorectal carcinoma cell lines (HCT‐116 =86.25%) during preliminary investigations. Moreover, it was revealed through molecular docking analysis that IV‐p possess a good binding score against ferroportin and Aurora A kinase (‐9.3 kcal/mol and ‐9.2 kcal/mol) which are quite comparable with the deferasirox (‐9.2 kcal/mol) and alisertib (‐9.8 kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the synthesized conjugates have good oral bioavailability, balanced hydrophilicity and minimal toxicity. The results of this study clearly highlight the potential of these conjugates as promising small bioactive molecules.

Background The level of insight finds increasing consideration in the diagnostic of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Past studies illustrated that low levels of insight are associated with higher symptom severity, worse treatment outcome, and emotion regulation (ER) deficits. However, these results are based on retrospective questionnaires categorizing insight as a trait construct, although the temporal variability of insight has long been established. Therefore, studies using repeated measures designs, i.e., ecological momentary assessment (EMA), are needed. Method Within this EMA study, N = 71 individuals with OCD reported on their symptoms, affect, emotional clarity, ER strategies, perceived ER effectiveness, and insight into symptoms up to six times a day over six days. Results Substantial temporal variations of insight during the assessment period strengthen former evidence that individuals vary in their level of insight over time. Further, higher levels of insight were partly associated with higher perceived ER effectiveness and emotional clarity. Significant associations between symptom occurrence and less insight were consistently found at the momentary level. Conclusions Results show that it might be worthwhile to address insight as a variable state as well as associated constructs (ER, emotional clarity) in the treatment of OCD more explicitly. Replication and extension of our work is needed.

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Unterrichtseinheit für die 9. Klasse im Bereich der Berechnung des Oberflächeninhalts von Körpern und des Flächeninhalts von Figuren vorgestellt. Aus atomistischer Modellierungsperspektive werden in dieser Einheit besonders die Teilschritte des Modellierens als einzelne Tätigkeit herausgegriffen und bewusst geübt. Mithilfe der Adaptation eines vielen Lehrkräften bekannten Sachproblems wird dabei der Fokus besonders auf die Schritte des Interpretierens und Validierens gelegt. Die detaillierte Präsentation der Durchführung und der Aktivitäten der Lernenden sollen eine Adaptation für den eigenen Unterricht leicht ermöglichen.

The Nachwuchs Reaktionstechnik (NaWuReT) is an organization of early‐career chemical engineers in the DECHEMA/VDI subject division Reaction Engineering. In the spring of 2024, the annual colloquium was held as a series of online lectures featuring five distinguished late‐career academics and experts from industry. The speakers shared insights into how they transformed their efforts and ideas into successful careers in academia and industry. Additionally, they provided valuable recommendations for early‐career chemical engineers, offering a critical resource for professional development in the field.

The research explores current media stereotypes regarding gender and ethnicity to determine how far these representations advance original stereotypes. The analysis based on social identity theory and media effects theory investigates content found in television shows as well as film studios, advertisements, and digital media for the purpose of examining stereotyping and character development. Research reveals that women together with ethnic minorities gain more appearances in leading parts of media content yet predominantly depict well-worn gender and racial stereotypes. Women in media experience empowerment alongside their association with attractive looks and feelings of sentimentality but ethnic minorities mostly face dramatic stories of hardship. Market-oriented considerations primarily support the use of artful but insincere depictions in media. Through content analysis, interview studies, and reception studies the researchers argue that stakeholders need better methods to overcome industry-established stereotypes. The article urges realistic media to portray diverse groups.

Adaptive teaching practices align to students’ assets and learning needs, for example, by selecting tasks adaptively so that the next learning goal for a student can be achieved. While digital formative assessment tools have been developed to provide insights into students’ assets and learning needs, little is known how formative assessment reports can best be designed to support teachers’ adaptive task-selection practices. This study investigates how teachers' task-selection practices relate to the learning goals they explicitly or implicitly address (RQ1) and how digital formative assessment (DFA) reports can support these practices (RQ2). A cluster-randomized experiment (focusing on the example topic of multiplication) was conducted with mathematics teachers (n = 267). The researchers assigned teachers to one of three support conditions: the Error-Analysis report (analyzing student errors), the Next-Goal report (providing the student's next learning goal), and the Goal-and-Asset report (highlighting students' assets on which the teacher could build). Results show that only 25% of teachers addressed the relevant learning goal of unit structures in their task justifications. However, the Next-Goal report (p = .047, odds ratio 2.12) and the Goal-and-Asset report (p = .032, odds ratio 2.23) significantly improved the likelihood of addressing this goal in the logistic regression models. In contrast, no support effects were found for task selection practices. We conclude that formative assessment reports can modestly contribute to supporting teachers’ adaptive lesson planning practices, but should be combined with professional development workshops to increase the effects.

The research analyzes digital literacy effects on Global South media audience behavior through an assessment of digital tools and proficiency levels on platform interactions. The 21st-century media environment underwent a substantial transformation due to digital technology advancements but this change still affects people differently. Countries in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia face unique challenges due to limited technology access, high data costs, and low digital literacy levels. This research centers on Kenya together with India and Brazil as its subject area through which investigators conducted interviews and distributed questionnaires to 600 participants. Observations demonstrate that people with advanced digital competency tend to activate social networking sites (SNS) with internet service and contrastingly inexperienced users depend on conventional media tools such as television and radio. The findings demonstrate how Global South countries need improved digital resources and awareness as a solution to close their digital divide.

A bstract The first measurement of ϕ (1020) meson production in fixed-target p Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ s NN = 68 . 5 GeV is presented. The ϕ (1020) mesons are reconstructed in their K ⁺ K − decay in a data sample consisting of proton collisions on neon nuclei at rest, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 21 . 7 ± 1 . 4 nb − 1 , collected by the LHCb detector at CERN. The ϕ (1020) production cross-section in the centre-of-mass rapidity range of − 1 . 8 < y * < 0 and transverse momentum range of 800 < p T < 6500 MeV/ c is found to be σ = 182 . 7 ± 2 . 7 (stat.) ± 14 . 1 (syst) μ b/nucleon. A double-differential measurement of the cross-section is also provided in four regions of rapidity and six regions of transverse momentum of the ϕ (1020) meson and compared with the predictions from Pythia and EPOS4, which are found to underestimate the experimental values.

A bstract A measurement of the CP -violating parameters in ${B}_s^0\boldsymbol{\to}{D}_s^{\mp }{K}^{\pm}$ B s 0 → D s ∓ K ± decays is reported, based on the analysis of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb − 1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measured parameters are obtained with a decay-time dependent analysis yielding C f = 0.791 ± 0.061 ± 0.022, ${A}_f^{\Delta \Gamma}$ A f ∆ Γ = −0.051 ± 0.134 ± 0.058, ${A}_{\overline{f}}^{\Delta \Gamma}$ A f ¯ ∆ Γ = −0.303 ± 0.125 ± 0.055, S f = −0.571 ± 0.084 ± 0.023 and ${S}_{\overline{f}}$ S f ¯ = −0.503 ± 0.084 ± 0.025, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This corresponds to CP violation in the interference between mixing and decay of about 8.6 σ . Together with the value of the ${B}_s^0$ B s 0 mixing phase −2 β s , these parameters are used to obtain a measurement of the CKM angle γ equal to (74 ± 12)° modulo 180°, where the uncertainty contains both statistical and systematic contributions. This result is combined with the previous LHCb measurement in this channel using 3 fb − 1 resulting in a determination of $\gamma ={\left({81}_{-11}^{+12}\right)}^{\circ }$ γ = 81 − 11 + 12 ∘ .

A bstract An analysis of the flavour oscillations of the charmed neutral meson is presented. The ratio of D ⁰ → K ⁺ π − and D ⁰ → K − π ⁺ decay rates is measured as a function of the decay time of the D ⁰ meson and compared with the charge-conjugated system to search for charge-parity violation. The meson flavour at production is double-tagged by the charges of the muon and pion in the preceding $\overline{B}\to {D}^{\ast }{(2010)}^{+}{\mu}^{-}X$ B ¯ → D ∗ 2010 + μ − X and D ∗ (2010) ⁺ → D ⁰ π ⁺ decays, respectively. These decays are selected from proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb − 1 . The flavour oscillation parameters, relating to the differences in mass and width of the mass eigenstates, are found to be y ′ = (5.8 ± 1.6) × 10 − 3 and ( x ′) ² = (0.0 ± 1.2) × 10 − 4 . No evidence for charge-parity violation is seen either in the flavour oscillations or in the decay, where the direct charge-parity asymmetry is measured to be A D = (2.3 ± 1.7) %.

Zusammenfassung Thema des Beitrags sind die Grenzverschiebungen im Verhältnis von Mensch und Technik, die sich aus der Entwicklung technischer Systeme ergeben, welche mit künstlicher Intelligenz ausgestattet sind. In soziologischer Perspektive stellt der Beitrag die Frage, wie die Interaktion von Menschen und autonomen Systemen, z. B. autonomen Fahrzeugen, gelingen kann, wenn diese in alltäglichen Situationen aufeinandertreffen. Denn sie müssen sich verständigen und abstimmen, um gemeinsam Problemlösungen zu entwickeln, etwa im Fall des Überquerens einer Straße. Als eine mögliche Lösung für derartige Situationen wird das Konzept des virtuellen Blickkontakts entwickelt. Wie autonome Systeme in Zukunft mit dem Problem der Regelverletzung umgehen, also des Umgangs mit Konflikten, die durch sich widersprechende Regeln entstehen, bleibt hingegen eine offene Frage. Das Fazit lautet daher: Damit intelligente Technik sich in alltäglichen Situationen mit anderen Menschen bzw. Maschinen erfolgreich verständigen kann, wird man nicht umhinkommen, sie mit menschlichen Eigenschaften auszustatten.

Beyond political action, fostering individuals’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is imperative to address environmental crises, such as climate change. Prompts are visual and/or verbal reminders to perform certain PEBs. Meta-analytic results by Osbaldiston and Schott (2012) suggest that prompts can increase PEB. However, in many of the included primary studies in this meta-analysis, prompts were confounded with other interventions (e.g., information campaigns). To study whether and under which conditions prompts have an unconfounded effect on PEB, we conducted a pre-registered systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines (N = 61 studies, k = 114 effect sizes). Additionally, we conducted a z-curve analysis to assess the expected replicability of the observed significant findings and ran meta-analyses to calculate the combined effect of (un)confounded prompt interventions on PEB. We find that prompts are effective in promoting PEB (b = 0.67, p < .001), even when no other interventions are implemented simultaneously (b = 0.66, p < .001). The rate of significant results that could be replicated under the same conditions as estimated by z-curve analysis is high (88% - 95% for unconfounded significant findings). Prompts are particularly effective in promoting resource conservation. The study setting and the PEB level prior to the prompt intervention moderate the effect of prompts on PEB. For example, the effect of prompts was stronger in universities, hotels and public settings compared to work settings, and when initial PEB levels were lower.