TED Universitesi

Raw polysomnography (PSG) preprocessing is one of the first steps in any sleep disorder detection using artificial intelligence (AI) and data science (DS). This chapter mainly discusses the process of transforming raw PSG at the very beginning in a way that can be fed into a machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) model. This includes essential steps that come before building the actual model: starting from defining the problem, collecting raw PSG, then data exploration, and finally, preparing the data. PSG preprocessing is often highly specific to a particular dataset at hand, the main expected result of the learning model, and the equipment used for signal acquisition. For this reason, it is common in the literature to overlook raw PSG preprocessing or to mention it briefly without specifying details. Hence, giving a set of universally applicable steps is not easy. This chapter discusses the possible preprocessing steps that could be applied to the raw PSG data, which were tested empirically or proven theoretically.

This is an interview conducted by editors Taner Can and Seda Öz with Cem Kaya who is a Turkish German documentary filmmaker. He is known for Arabeks (2010), Remake, Remix, Rip-Off: About Copy Culture & Turkish Pop Cinema (2014), and Love Deutschmarks and Death (2022).

The development of adaptation studies followed a course away from the relationship of fidelity between the original source and its interpretation in the direction of a broader understanding of interplay between texts and the interpretive choices involved in the adaptation process. Orhan Pamuk’s screenplay Gizli Yüz (The Secret Face), filmed by the prominent Turkish director Ömer Kavur in 1991, reflects this radical shift in our understanding of adaptation processes with its complex intertextual connections. Written between Pamuk’s two major novels, namely The Black Book (1990) and The New Life (1994), The Secret Face can be seen as the multiple versions of the same text, or, to borrow John Bryant’s influential concept, as a “fluid text.” While the basic plot line in the screenplay is based on a chapter in The Black Book, it also prefigures Pamuk’s next novel The New Life, particularly the protagonist’s endless journeys across Turkey. The textual permeability among the three works displays their thematic connections as well as the shared aesthetic considerations that inform them. As such, The Secret Face invites a reconsideration of the concepts of “originating/source text” and “adaptation.” Is The Secret Face an adaptation of a chapter in The Black Book, or is it the originating source for The New Life? Where does a text end, and a new one begins? The aim of this chapter is to analyse Pamuk’s The Secret Face as an example of a fluid text that exists in multiple versions.

This study examines Turkey’s aid politics in Somalia by investigating actors, ideas, and organizational networks involved in the making of humanitarian and development projects. Drawing on interviews with Turkish aid workers – including experts, local coordinators, and volunteers from state, humanitarian, and Islamic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) – this research elucidates how solidarist motivations of NGOs created strategic opportunities for the state to expand its market and regional interests. The article presents that NGOs perceived helping Somalia not only as a humanitarian effort but also as an Islamic and nationalist responsibility. Solidarist ideologies and practices of Turkish NGOs created market and political advantages and legitimized them as Turkey’s benign interventions to protect Somalia from the Western aid system. The state-NGO collaboration in aid projects conflated solidarist and self-interested motives, and it configured a moral economy embedded in Turkey’s aid politics, which this research conceptualizes as a benevolent expansion, legitimizing unequal exchange and hierarchies in this development partnership as good deeds in favour of Somalia.

In 2009, a reinforced concrete building was retrofitted using FRP braces on the infill walls and externally installed shear walls by a team of researchers and engineers. At the time, this was one of the -world’s first applications of such an FRP retrofit strategy. In 2023, Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes, strong motions severely tested the building. This study aims to explain the seismic retrofit strategy, document the observed damage in the aftermath of the two earthquakes, and compare the observed performance with the seismic performance estimates of the strengthened building according to the latest version of the Turkish Seismic Code. The information presented herein provides a unique opportunity to demonstrate the successful FRP application in seismic retrofits and the ability of seismic retrofits to save lives. A distinctive aspect of this undertaking is the succession of uncommon seismic events the building has encountered within 20 days, with its response to these earthquakes meticulously documented.

During the past decades, Earth’s river systems have shown significant changes, particularly concerning their flow characteristics with time and space, and fluvial sediment loads which are carried by them. These changes are most likely due to climate change. As climate change is uncertain and its effects are not uniform in both temporally and spatially, such variations lead to increasing concerns about the hydrological regimes of river basins. The rise in Earth’s near-surface air temperature and changes in precipitation patterns are prominent features of climate change. Although climate change is primarily considered as an increase in temperatures and global warming, its most important effects are those that will occur due to the change in precipitation regime. The hydrological system is directly and/or indirectly affected by the climatic conditions in the world. Changes in temperatures affect evapotranspiration rate, cloud characteristics, soil moisture, storm intensity, and snowfall and melting regimes. As a result, changes in precipitation cause changes in temporal, spatial and severity of flood and drought events. In addition, it causes changes in the surface flow regime, the amount of water seeping underground, plant pattern and growth rates. Reservoirs are essential in managing floods and droughts, but their effectiveness can be influenced by climate change. Sediment yield, which may increase due to climate change, can cause a rapid decrease in the reservoir’s storage capacity and shorten its design life. The accumulation of sediment at the reservoirs is a significant problem for many aspects of water management, like flood control, energy production, irrigation and drainage systems, domestic water supplies, river transportation systems, and recreational activities. Sediment accumulation can lead to shortening economic lifespan of the dam by resulting in severe consequences. In this study, the effect of climate change on reservoir sedimentation is investigated and it is depicted that the amount of sedimentation is considerably increasing by the effect of climate change.

This article evaluates how different reinforced concrete (RC) building systems in Türkiye behaved during the extreme 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The analysis relies on a comprehensive field survey covering 242 RC buildings across various heavily affected locations. Most surveyed buildings were low- and mid-rise RC moment frames and frame-wall (hybrid) systems, with RC wall construction being less commonly observed. Both RC frame and hybrid buildings exhibited several common deficiencies, resulting in significant structural and non-structural damage due to high drift demands. The performance of RC wall construction varied, with some buildings sustaining severe damage while others remained largely unaffected. An analysis of structural plans revealed that RC wall buildings with adequate wall amounts demonstrated exceptional performance, while those with inadequate amounts of walls experienced severe damage. In addition, fragility analyses using simplified models based on surveyed buildings reinforced these findings. The analyses suggested that RC frame and hybrid systems were insufficient in ensuring life safety during the earthquakes. Conversely, properly designed RC wall buildings are expected to perform well. This alignment between field observations and fragility analyses underscores the reliability of the study’s findings and emphasizes the effectiveness of RC wall construction in mitigating seismic risks and protecting life and property.

On 6 February 2023, two earthquakes occurred approximately 9 h apart, with Mw 7.8 and 7.5, and epicenters located in Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaras province, respectively. As part of a national project team which was funded by the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkiye (AFAD) between June 2021 and June 2023, the authors of this article had proposed a framework to assess the seismic resilience of an urban region. The pilot area of this national project was a small-scale industrial town named Turkoglu located to the south of Kahramanmaras, at the intersection of Amanos and Pazarcik segments of the East Anatolian Fault zone. The proposed framework encompasses the assessment of active faults in the region, construction of regional velocity models, ground motion simulations of potential earthquakes, structural vulnerability, and study of seismic resilience indicators. The Pazarcik earthquake occurred 4 months before the end of the project on the exact fault system, which was modeled in ground motion simulations within the project in 2022. The objective of this article is multifold: first, to present our findings before the earthquake (2021–2022) in the region, including regional velocity models, ground motion simulations, street survey-based building classifications, and vulnerability classes; and second, to compare the after-event modeling of damage distributions in comparison with the observed damages as well as resilience evaluations of the region from multiple perspectives. A third objective is to assess the seismic resilience framework used in the project, as there are multiple seismically active areas in Turkiye and the world where similar large events are anticipated. This study constitutes a significant case study in the Turkoglu region, which involves critical evaluations of seismic resilience from before and after event data.

Shear spinning is a bulk forming technique used to produce hollow, rotationally symmetric parts. Although the shear spinning process has been used for the last six decades in numerous industries, in the literature, the understanding of the mechanics of the process is limited. This study provides insight into process mechanics using physical trials and numerical models. Modelling the process is challenging because of the incremental nature of the process; existing numerical models in the literature suffer from lengthy computational times and simplifications. In this study, two numerical models with different approaches to the kinematics of the spinning process are modelled with input from tests to determine friction coefficient and material properties. Then they are validated against physical trials by comparing both part geometry and strain distribution. Validated numerical models are then employed to investigate the fundamental aspects of shear spinning mechanics; evolution of strains, roller forces and part geometry in a broad range of process conditions.

We utilize the Huygens-Fresnel principle to derive the mutual coherence function (MCF) for a vortex beam, which is the main focus of our investigation. Then, we examine the intensity and modulus of the complex degree of coherence (DOC) characteristics of vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence. Our results indicate that as the topological charge increases, the intensity distribution of the vortex beam becomes less affected by atmospheric turbulence. However, the modulus of the complex DOC decreases.

How does one’s connectedness in their social relationships affect their health? For a long time, this question has piqued the interest of sociologists. From Durkheim’s theory of suicide to recent empirical studies in medical sociology, the positive association between social integration and well-being has been well established. In this paper, we revisited this topic by focusing on how different sources of social contact is associated with self-rated health in Turkey. To do so, we examined how contact with a close friend, a parent, a sibling, and other family member – outside of one’s nuclear family – compares in terms of their association with self-rated health by using ISSP Social Network Data. We found that frequency of contact with a parent and other family member showed statistically significant and positive associations with self-rated health in some models, which was not the case for a sibling. In the full model accounting for all contact variables, however, only the frequency of contact with a close friend had a statistically significant and positive association with self-rated health. This study aims to start a discussion about the growing importance of non-kin ties in people’s lives in Turkey despite the increasing familialism in Turkish politics and social policymaking. Policymakers and social workers tackling issues such as social isolation, social exclusion, and loneliness in Turkey should consider the prevalence of non-kin networks on individuals’ well-being.

Play is an essential activity for various developmental aspects of the early childhood years and sometimes this activity includes taking risks, a mixture of emotions ranging from fear and feeling out of control to thrills and enjoyment. However, parents’ fears, anxieties and expectations related to their children’s safety may discourage children from engaging in risky plays. The aim of this research is to examine the role of parents’ gender in parenting attitudes and parental permission to engage in risky play. The sample consisted of 341 parents of four- to six-year-old children, and the data collection relied on Ünüvar and Kanyılmaz’s (2017) Scale of Allowing Risky Play and Karabulut Demir and Şendil’s (2008) Parental Attitude Scale. Data analysis established that the interaction effect between parents’ gender and number of children and between parents’ gender and educational level were statistically significant for whether they would permit risky play. However, there was no significant interaction effect on parenting attitudes between their genders. Finally, parents with democratic and permissive parenting styles were more likely and those with authoritarian and overprotective styles were less likely to allow risky play.

Older adults all around the world encountered numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these challenges were pertinent to biological factors, like the risk of infection, while others resulted from social factors, like ageism and government regulations. Employing a capability approach, this study examined how age-based pandemic regulations that were imposed in Turkey affected the freedom and social environment of older adults. We used Bachhi’s What is the Problem Represented to Be? (WPR) approach to analyze the memorandums issued by the central government between March 11, 2020, and June 30, 2021. Our analysis revealed that the problem is represented in these memorandums as older people’s increased vulnerability to health risks, which resulted in violations of their mobility and health capabilities, as well as (mis)recognition of diversity within the older population. These findings provide vital insight into how age-based pandemic regulations define the problem based exclusively on chronological age, thereby creating circumstances that compromise older people’s capabilities beyond simply maintaining health. Thus, we recommend that policymakers pay closer attention to both the intended and unintended consequences of any proposed regulations, and account for individuals’ capabilities rather than merely their functionings.

Current hand exoskeleton systems for assistive and rehabilitative purposes pose challenges due to weight, bulk, and size, thus negatively affecting user experience in terms of comfort and wearability. End-user involvement is vital during design and deployment to improve usefulness, usability and user acceptance. A scoping review was conducted to identify the currently prioritized user requirements and user-centered practices in the development of hand exoskeleton systems. Content analysis was used to identify the user-centered design criteria and user research methodologies in 124 articles. More studies aim for rehabilitation than assistance and the dominant form of assessment is system validation. Wearability, comfort, portability, adaptability, affordability and safety were the most frequently targeted user-centered criteria. Only 38 articles reported assessment with human subjects, the majority of them being functional tests, followed by usability tests. We offer user-centered design directions and methodological suggestions for user involvement to improve the usability and acceptability of the exoskeleton systems, and discuss the necessity for restructuring the engineering design strategy for better adaptability. This research has direct applications for the design and assessment of assistive and rehabilitative hand exoskeletons by offering user requirements. The findings and suggestions can have wider implications in the field of wearable robotics for developing, evaluating, and refining systems through a user-centered perspective.

This study was to investigate the mediating role of common dyadic coping in the relationship between partners' psychological distress symptoms and sense of we-ness in a sample of 100 married couples. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model revealed that psychological distress was negatively associated with common dyadic coping for wives and husbands. Additionally, significant results were found between common dyadic coping and sense of we-ness in couples living in Türkiye. Results indicated that wives' common dyadic coping mediated the association between wives' psychological distress and sense of we-ness. Implications of the current findings for couple relationships and therapy are discussed.

In this study, the compatibility of polymer blends of dextran (DEX) and poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) was evaluated with their enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties as well as structural and topological properties. Blends were prepared in various ratios via solution casting method. The effects of composition and dispersion on interactions, thermal, viscoelastic and topological properties of the blends were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. TGA results indicated that blends exhibited higher thermal stability than the individual polymers, with residue percentages increasing from 13.57 % and 11.43 % for DEX and PEMA, respectively, to 27.42 %–16.86 % for the blends at 605 °C. DMA results showed that all blends remained intact at higher temperatures compared to the polymers, with higher Tg values due to the H-bonding interactions confirmed by ATR-FTIR. AFM phase imaging enabled the visualization of miscibility distinctions, revealing that the 30/70 DEX/PEMA blend had a uniform phase distribution and minimal phase shifts, suggesting improved miscibility. In contrast, other blends exhibited more heterogeneous miscibility. These findings highlight that DEX/PEMA blends, with their enhanced thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, have significant potential for various applications.

Socio-spatial inequalities are on the rise in Turkey, resulting in increasing segregation between population groups with different socioeconomic and educational backgrounds. Therefore, the link between school-based and residential segregation has become crucial for understanding urban and social divisions, specifically in the large metropolitan areas. However, our knowledge about this relationship in the case of Turkey and many non-Western countries is limited. What we know from the related literature based on Western experiences is that school and residential segregation are highly interrelated, and analyzing this relation is the key to understanding socio-spatial inequalities in cities. This article, therefore, aims to investigate the socio-spatial relation between the academic performance of high-schools and the residential segregation in educational line in Ankara, Turkey. In this article, academic performance is represented by national university entrance examination results at school level and residential segregation is analyzed through population census at the neighborhood level. The methodology involves the classification of public and private high schools in terms of academic performance and cross-referencing with schools’ educational environment. We find that in terms of the relationship between school’s academic performance and residential patterns Ankara is, in fact, a divided city in educational lines.

Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scales to produce structures and devices ranging from 1 to 100 nm, is increasingly being applied in agriculture. Nanoscale materials possess distinct optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties that enable the smart, targeted delivery of pesticides, fertilizers, and genetic materials to plants, as well as rapid sensing and on-site monitoring of plant health, soil fertility, and water quality in a digital format. This review explores the application of nanotechnology in agriculture, examining the challenges and benefits related to all aspects of crop production, with a particular focus on regulatory issues. Key findings indicate that nanotechnology can improve crop production and reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture through precise input management. However, several critical issues need to be addressed, including the limited knowledge of the long-term environmental impacts associated with agricultural nanotechnology and the ambiguity of current regulations. This underscores the need for further research to elucidate its impact on soil, water, and environmental and human health, to inform evidence-based regulations. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.