Swami Vivekananda University

Probiotics serve as essential wound healers, particularly in diabetic patients, where they eliminate the interfering hindrance caused due to enhanced oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbial imbalances. Probiotic strains are also reported to enhance the level of tissue regeneration‐specific cytokines and growth factors. Similarly, probiotics also stop infections by preventing the growth of harmful bacteria at the lesion site, which may be helpful for susceptible diabetic ulcers. Thus, probiotics may be a viable adjuvant treatment to hasten the healing of diabetic wounds. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on wound healing in diabetic mice. Accordingly, probiotic strains Bacillus cereus strain BWN SC and Bacillus aerophilus strain BWN SC were isolated from whey water and fermented rice water on MRS agar media. Their wound‐healing potential was investigated in male Swiss albino mice. Initially, streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in the animals, after which 3 mm subcutaneous puncture wounds were induced on the dorsal region. Next, they were treated with different probiotics or synbiotics applied topically on the wounded area. Simultaneously, oral supplementation of the respective strains was also done using gavage. Wound contraction rate was studied at intervals of 1, 5, 10, and 14 days, followed by subsequent histological assay and hematological analysis. Animals treated with probiotics and synbiotics supplementation showed a faster wound contraction rate as compared to the control. Hematological analysis also showed improved wound‐healing parameters in the treated mice. Thus, isolated probiotic strains can be effectively used for wound healing in diabetic mice. They can be combined with prebiotics to get even more potent therapeutic tool in the form of synbiotics.

The growing need for sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives in a variety of sectors has emphasized the importance of effective technologies for extracting important biomolecules such as chitin and collagen from marine food waste. Chitin, a natural polymer found abundantly in crab shells, and collagen, a protein found in marine by-products such as fish skins, heads, and frames, are both widely sought after for their many uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food sectors. Conventional extraction processes for chitin and collagen, which sometimes use harsh chemicals and need lengthy processing periods, raise concerns about their environmental effect and scalability. Recent advancements in green extraction technologies, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), ionic liquids (ILs), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and non-thermal methods such as ultrasound, have received attention for their lower toxicity, improved biodegradability, and potential for increased yields. Collagen derived from marine sources such as fish, jellyfish, and sea cucumbers has gained popularity due to its high output and uses in a variety of industries; however, traditional techniques pose obstacles. Green extraction techniques, such as enzyme-assisted and ultrasonic extractions, are developing as viable alternatives, with lower toxicity, faster processing times, and lesser environmental effect. These techniques help to improve the sustainability and efficiency of chitin and collagen extraction procedures, respectively. Furthermore, incorporating these technologies into marine biorefinery models provides the opportunity for zero-waste processing and contributes to a circular blue economy, which aligns with global sustainability goals. This study examines both traditional and developing green extraction strategies for chitin and collagen, assessing their benefits, limits, and future prospects, with an emphasis on optimizing procedures for large-scale production and the sustainable use of marine food waste.

Water stress and suboptimal nitrogen fertilization limit sustainable onion production. A two‐season field experiment (2016–2018) evaluated the effects of varying irrigation (0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 ET c as M 1 , M 2 and M 3 ) and nitrogen levels (0%, 75%, 100% and 120% of recommended dose, RDN as N 0 , N 1 , N 2 and N 3 ) on evapotranspiration (ET a ), crop water productivity (CWP), irrigation water productivity (IWP), water‐yield functions and yield response to water stress. Irrigation increased the ET a (163–281 mm) and bulb yield (6.0–9.5 t ha ⁻¹ ) while decreasing the CWP (3.01–4.12 kg m ⁻³ ) and IWP (4.13–6.81 kg m ⁻³ ). An optimum balance was found at an average ET a of 220 mm, irrigation of 158 mm, yield of 8.2 t ha ⁻¹ and CWP of 3.6 kg m ⁻³ . The overall yield response factor (K y ) was 0.78, indicating that onion is moderately sensitive to water stress, which improved with increasing nitrogen application. Among the treatments, microsprinkler irrigation at 0.9 ET c with 120% RDN (M 2 N 3 ) achieved the highest yield gain (65%), moderate CWP improvement (28%) and maximum net profit (109%) and benefit–cost ratio (107%) over the control (M 1 N 1 ). These results suggest that M 2 N 3 is the optimal strategy for water‐scarce Indo‐Gangetic plains and similar agroclimatic zones.

Background There is growing evidence that shows the benefits of yoga on people with diabetes. The benefit of yoga for people with Type 2 Diabetes has been proven. Incorporating yoga in daily life helps to attain glycaemic control and reduces the risk of complications in people with diabetes especially in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) field. However, limited work is done for yoga on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The current trial aimed to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on glycemic control and Quality of Life (QoL) among adolescents with T1DM. Methods In this trial, 92 T1DM subjects with mean age of 13.35 ± 2.41 years were recruited and randomly allocated to either yoga or control arm with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The control arm received standard care whereas; the yoga arm received additional tailored yoga sessions for three months. Venous blood samples were collected for HbA1c and average blood glucose (ABG) along with daily insulin requirements, PedsQL-3.0, PedsQL-4.0, Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale, Fear of hypoglycaemia questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention. Both per-protocol and Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis were done. Results Out of 92 participants recruited, only 46 could complete the trial (yoga arm: n = 25). The per-protocol analysis showed a significant reduction in the HbA1c levels (14.68% vs. -12.90%;p < 0.001) as well as in the ABG levels (17.72% vs. -15.65%;p < 0.001) in the intervention arm when compared to the control arm. An ITT analysis of the primary objectives also yielded similar results. Further, Insulin requirements (p = 0.04) and hyperglycaemia frequency (p = 0.02) were significantly reduced in the yoga arm however, it lacked significance in between-group analysis. Fear of hypoglycaemia was reduced by 23.9% in the intervention group while it was 3% in the control group which was significant. Significant improvement in QoL, depression, and level of physical activity were observed following yoga intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion The three-month adjuvant yoga intervention was associated with an improved glycaemic control and QoL among adolescents with T1DM.

Human Resources Management, similar to any corporation, plays a critical role in the preservation of diversity by employing a proactive approach that involves the recruitment, development, retention, and inspiration of a diverse workforce. Establishing diversity alone will not increase employee involvement in the organisation; inclusion is necessary. Review the many studies on HR procedures and policies in the context of inclusion and diversity in the workplace in this article. It concluded that fostering workplace diversity and inclusion requires intentional HR practices and inclusive policies that go beyond compliance. Effective strategies—such as bias-free recruitment, inclusive leadership, and continuous diversity training—enhance innovation, employee engagement, and organizational performance. A truly inclusive culture is achieved when diversity is embedded in the organization's values and day-to-day operations. Continuous evaluation and commitment are essential for sustained progress.

Seepage control and stability analysis in rockfill dams with inclined cores are essential for structural safety, yet the influence of core materials and their placement remains insufficiently studied. Addressing this gap is crucial for optimizing design and ensuring reliable dam performance. With this consideration, this research examines seepage behavior and stability in rockfill dams using experimental and numerical models to assess the effects of core position and core materials like clay, sand, and a sand–clay mixture on hydraulic gradient, critical hydraulic conditions, and factor of safety (FOS). The findings indicate that a clay core reduces the phreatic line height at the dam’s toe by 37%, while a sand core reduces it by 16%, and the clay–sand mixture reduces it by 25%. Additionally, using a sand core results in the highest safety factor against the hydraulic gradient under critical conditions. A numerical analysis using GeoStudio software also explored the effects of core width, inclination, and drawdown on the safety factor, highlighting the importance of core material selection and design in maintaining dam stability. These findings emphasize the significance of proper core material selection and placement in ensuring dam safety.

An array of newer emerging pollutants gain entry into the aquatic ecosystem that endangers not only the aquatic fauna and flora but also makes human life precarious at the global scenario. Stemming out of newer alternatives in treatment, antibiotics are the main therapeutic regimes in recent times. This however poses threat as derivatives of these antibiotic products released from municipalities as well as from different livestock waste water enters into major water bodies. Antibiotics thus are a newer addition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the aqueous milieu due to their indiscriminate use. Thus the treatment of this antibiotic infested water becomes a major imperative besides other irritant pollutants like heavy metals, microorganisms, organic compounds are mostly subjected to regulation and monitoring. Techniques are prevalent for the effective removal of these pharmaceutical wastes, but their presence in water and thereby sensing still remains as a cardinal challenge. Nanomaterial by virtue of their noted tunable size, large surface to volume ratio and excellent optical properties & reusability provides a broad avenue for the sensing of the residual antibiotics in waste water. This review thus focusses on the recent developments of sensing of vast categories of antibiotics exploiting the benevolence of nanomaterials. The different developments in techniques concerning the sensing of the pollutant through colorimetric, fluorescence, photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), etc. are been discussed in this chapter along with their future prospects to develop a ready potable nanosensor for effective antibiotic sensing.

Digital Smile Design (DSD) is a cutting-edge method that improves dental treatment planning by combining digital technology with both aesthetic and functional analysis. DSD supports interdisciplinary collaboration among specialists, including orthodontists, prosthodontists, and implantologists, leading to comprehensive and customized treatment plans. The digital workflow includes steps such as image capturing, facial and dental analysis, 3D modeling, and mock-ups, which guide practitioners in achieving optimal results. With advancements in artificial intelligence, intraoral scanning, and CAD/CAM technology, DSD continues to evolve, making smile transformations more accessible and precise. The technique significantly improves efficiency, accuracy, and predictability in aesthetic dentistry, setting a new standard in patient-centered care. Keywords: Smile Design, Digital Smile Design

This paper presents the formulation and analysis of a mathematical model for pest control with the aim of controlling its natural pests using awareness-based interventions such as the use of biopesticides with nutrients applications. Biopesticides are used to control biologically. In addition, a balanced application of nutrients is critical to increase crop growth and high yield. In the model, a time delay due to the time it takes the farmer to respond to the awareness campaign is considered. Nonnegativity and boundedness are shown to verify the plausibility of the delay model. The dynamics of the system has been analyzed with and without delay by finding the equilibrium points and their stability nature. The incidence of Hopf bifurcation is studies for both delayed and nondelayed systems. This study shows that the nutrient that is required for plant growth leads to higher yield of crops. An excess amount of nutrients causes instability in the system which is not favorable for crop growth and ultimately the yield is reduced. However, the rate of application of biopesticides stabilizes the system. Hopf bifurcation is also seen when the delay parameter crosses its critical value, indicating that people should respond to awareness campaigns with tolerable time delay.

The present study provides a thorough analysis of the vital role fats play in human health as well as their noteworthy effects on the flavor and functionality of dairy products. It draws attention to the growing need for healthier food options around the world as a result of the rise in chronic illnesses linked to diets with heavy fat content. The development and use of fat replacers substances intended to replicate the qualities of fat while lowering caloric content-in a variety of dairy products is addressed in response. Along with an analysis of their functional characteristics, such as mouthfeel, texture, and stability, fat substitutes are classified based on their composition into three major groups: lipid-based, protein-based, and carbohydrate-based. The impact of fat reduction on the qualitative features of dairy products, including cheese, ice cream, yogurt, and chocolate, is further examined in the article, which highlights the necessity of cautious formulation to preserve sensory qualities. The conclusion emphasizes how customers' requests for lower-caloric options can be met by fat alternatives without compromising texture or flavor. It calls for further research on the development of cutting-edge fat substitute technologies that are customized to match certain dietary requirements. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of how fat replacers can play a pivotal role in enhancing the nutritional profile and consumer acceptability.

Acmella paniculata (AP), an ethnomedicinal plant, is valued for the management of pain, inflammation, arthritis, infection, diabetes and as tribal cuisine The study focused on validating AP against inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and hyperglycemia. Hydro‐ethanolic extract of AP flower (HEFeAP) was prepared via maceration, followed by ultrasonication. Physicochemical characterization was done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (LC‐MS), Ultra‐violet Spectroscopy (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Major phytochemicals were assessed against inflammatory mediators using molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The antioxidant potential of HEFeAP was assessed using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (31.22 ± 0.53 µg mL⁻¹) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assay (40.36 ± 0.47 µg mL⁻¹). The anti‐inflammatory activity, protective role against RA, and anti‐hyperglycaemic activities were evaluated via egg‐albumin denaturation, MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay against human‐fibroblast cells and α‐amylase inhibition, showing IC50 of 27.61, 65.75, and 85.43 µg mL⁻¹, respectively. Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and nitric‐oxide (NO) levels were significantly downregulated in LPS‐stimulated PBMC‐derived macrophages (IC50 = 152 and 164.56 µg mL⁻¹). Phytochemical analysis revealed coumarins, flavonoids, polyphenols, steroids, and local‐anaesthetic alkylamides. Active phytomolecules in HEFeAP exhibited strong and stable binding with inflammatory biomarkers. These findings suggest HEFeAP can be used as a potential candidate for inflammatory pain, RA, and diabetes.

This study aims to investigate how AI adoption affects customer experience and e-commerce efficiency, applying Structural Equation Modeling. Using responses from 678 participants with different backgrounds, this research validates both first-order measurement models and second-order reflective models, affirming both the reliability and robustness of the constructs. Among the findings are: AI adoption has a direct positive impact on customer engagement and boosts operational workflows. AI adoption also acts through the mediating roles of customer trust, ease of use, operational efficiency, and data-driven decision-making to enhance e-commerce performance. Results show that AI adoption improved operational workflows by facilitating customer engagement and enhancing business intelligence. This study paves the way in the theoretical discourse on AI's role in digital commerce while providing endorsement on the part of businesses endeavoring to dwell on AI-based innovations for sustainable development and competitive advantage.

Brain tumors are considered one of the present health challenges. Perhaps the early spotting could be an important factor in their effective treatment and in the good outcome of the patients. But, due to the asymptomatic nature and location of brain tumor, early detection through tissue diagnosis is difficult. This research design an empirical deep learningbased framework to detect and classify brain tumors from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images datasets. The research work aims at improving the quality and reliability of radiological images through preprocessing techniques such as resizing, noise reduction, normalization, and segmentation to classify tumors more precisely. The aim of this study to develop hybrid deep learning based model to ensure that benign and malignant brain tumors are appropriately differentiated and also attempt to provide a framework for predicting the type of malignant tumors. This article evaluated three deep learning frameworks on radiological tumor images dataset to train the model and based on accuracy, validation and performance, the most optimize model is selected to apply on test dataset to automatically classified brain tumors. Authors of our study are hopeful for adding value to diagnostic precision. Automation in the classification process optimizes efficiency for faster and more reliable diagnostic support. Future research are expected to incorporate multi-modal data to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and smoothness of its clinical application. This may most likely improve the speed and precision of the diagnosis made by health professionals using deep learning (DL) in the diagnosis of brain tumors and help to improve patient care.

A set of twenty-four Psidium guajava genotypes including exotic cultivar had been genetically characterized using a total of twenty microsatellite (SSR) markers spanning a total of 11 chromosomes. The average number of alleles per locus was 2.93. Fifteen markers (out of the twenty used) were highly polymorphic and could discriminate local cultivars and exotic collection. Two markers, mPgCIR352 and mPgCIR175, showed the highest level of polymorphism, whereas marker mPgCIR352 showed the maximum marker index for high level of resolving capacity amongst all markers tested. Marker mPgCIR321, with 0.778 PIC value present on linkage group 11, has been identified to be associated with fruit yield. Molecular variance study resulted at 92% genetic variance within population and 8% between population. First three axes explained 53.32% variation through principal coordinate analysis. This study explains variation among the existing popular cultivar, local cultivar, and few exotic cultivars which can be helpful in designing cross breeding programmes through the selection of the superior parental varieties.

Tomato bacterial wilt is a serious disease that spreads through soil and is caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. This virus affects various plants, namely eggplants, peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes. The disease is particularly harmful in warm and humid environments and can result in significant yield losses in tomatoes. In this article, we have proposed a mathematical model and analyzed it to study the transmission dynamics of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plantations. We have derived the basic reproduction number $R_0$ of the system and established the existence of a disease-free equilibrium point that is stable if $R_0 <1$. We have also seen an endemic equilibrium that exists when $R_0 >1$. Stability changes occur through the occurrence of the Hopf bifurcation. Finally, we adopted the optimal control theory to minimize bacterial infection and maximize tomato yield. Consequently, an optimal control problem is formulated and solved by maximum principle and Hamiltonian formulation. Numerical simulations of the model systems determine the impact of important parameters of the system, and simulations of the optimal control problem give cost-effective control measures of the disease.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites in large amounts in plants, fruits, and seeds. Flavonols are found in a variety of plants, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, aromatics, and medicinal plants. In addition to having antioxidant properties, flavonoids have immunomodulatory properties, anti-inflammatory properties, and anticancer properties as well. In this review, we discuss the chemistry, classification, sources, flavonoid extraction methods, stability, and biological activities of bioflavonoids.

As a result of the sustainable use of agricultural wastes and by-products, the dependent industrial sector may earn additional income by producing value-added products. Furthermore, effective valorization of wastes/by-products can decrease unwarranted pollution, reducing environmental stress. A bioactive compound is one that has biological or physiological actions on living tissues such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignin, terpenoids, for instance, carotenoids and essential oils, bioactive peptides, and glucans. These compounds are generally of great interest in various industrial sectors because they are antioxidants, antimicrobials, promote the immune system, as well as modulate the intestinal microbiota. Bioactives found in plants, animals, and marine wastes and by-products are reviewed in this study, highlighting the use of food wastes and by-products, with an emphasis on their potential uses. The term “bioactive compounds” refers to substances present in small amounts in foods that are beneficial to health. This study aims to discuss the conversion of food waste into bioactive compounds and alleviate food insecurity to enhance health.

The presence of natural ingredients as bioactive components found in essential oils has been a major field of research due to their wide applicability. Essential oils are analyzed using advanced analytical methods to determine secondary substances or minor components. The analytical challenges that arise during analysis are mainly the separation of analytes and preparation of samples. The preparation of samples is considered the most crucial step in developing analytical methods for the detection of bioactive compounds in essential oils. This chapter describes several extraction methods and analytical techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from essential oils.