Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University

Jakarta, a bustling Asian city, grapples with flooding issues due to urbanization, land subsidence, and climate changes. To tackle these challenges, an innovative solution is needed. This study assesses paddy field dam (PFD) to address these complex flood issues. PFD is the latest innovation of flood countermeasure from Japan, by applying the water storage concept on a paddy field to hold runoff before it flows into a river. We compared PFD to four other countermeasures such as embankment, river dredging, river widening, and long storage. A combination of rainfall runoff model and flood inundation model were employed to evaluate the impact of these countermeasures. Expected annual damage cost and benefit–cost ratio were used to assess economic feasibility metrics. The combination of land use change, land subsidence, sea level rises, and climate change was adopted to represent a future condition. This study found that the potential of PFD as flood prevention is very good. In the face of impending flood challenges and climate change impacts, the PFD emerges as a promising and economically viable solution, significantly contributing to Jakarta's sustainable flood management journey.

Mangrove merupakan tanaman yang hidup di wilayah pesisir dan memiliki banyak manfaat seperti untuk meredam gelombang, menyimpan karbon, mencegah abrasi dan menstabilkan erosi. Upaya untuk menjaga kelestarian mangrove dilakukan penanaman di Desa Cigorondong dengan tambahan APO (Alat Pemecah Ombak) sebagai pelindung sementara hingga bibit mangrove mempunyai akar yang kuat untuk menahan gelombang secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis laju pertumbuhan mangrove dengan tambahan APO sebagai upaya melindungi bibit mangrove. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling sebagai penentu titik stasiun dengan mempertimbangkan faktor lingkungan, stasiun 1 terletak dekat dengan aliran air hujan, terdapat karang besar, sedikit mangrove alami dan APO yang terbuat dari bambu. Stasiun 2 terletak tepat dibelakang mangrove alami dan ditambah APO yang terbuat dari bambu. Stasiun 3 hanya terdapat APO dari bambu yang menjadi alat pelindung bibit mangrove. Pemeliharaan dilakukan dengan pengukuran tinggi, diameter, jumlah daun dan jumlah bibit yang hidup, pengambilan parameter lingkungan dan sedimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penempatan APO untuk upaya memecah gelombang masih kurang efektif karena ukuran APO dengan tinggi 1 meter dan panjang 6 meter tidak dapat melindungi seluruh bibit mangrove yang ada pada tiap stasiun. Bibit mangrove yang berhasil tumbuh dengan persentase (≥ 60%) hanya ada pada stasiun 2, karena memiliki bantuan perlindungan dari mangrove alami sehingga gelombang dapat terpecah secara optimal dan tidak secara langsung menghantam bibit mangrove. Selain itu, pertumbuhan mangrove juga dipengaruhi oleh parameter lingkungan dan karakteristik substrat.

This systematic literature review aims to explore existing research on the identification and analysis of various agricultural by-products and waste. The novelty of this article lies in its systematic approach to examining the potential and utilization of agricultural waste and by-products as ruminant animal feed. The research employed the PRISMA flowchart methodology, utilizing three databases: Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed. EndNote X9 version is used to analyze, 283 articles were initially collected, of which 233 met the inclusion criteria based on title and content, covering studies published from 1976 to 2024. Findings reveal that a significant portion of agricultural by-products originates from plantations and horticulture, with poultry, particularly broiler chickens, being the dominant subject of study. The primary research focus has been on poultry, particularly broiler chickens, and ruminant livestock. The findings highlight that research on livestock feed derived from agro-industrial and agricultural waste has significantly contributed to improving livestock performance, such as weight gain and feed efficiency. This review underscores the need for further innovative research integrating agricultural waste utilization with approaches such as probiotics and fermentation. It also calls for greater emphasis on livestock health parameters as primary indicators. Such advancements are expected to support the sustainability of the livestock sector and address global challenges related to animal welfare.

Indonesia frequently faces tsunami disasters, making the need for early detection tools essential. As a technological innovation, the inabuoy was created. This device uses underwater sensors to provide early warnings for tsunamis. Inabuoy is installed in areas prone to tsunamis and uses a 316L stainless steel frame submerged in seawater. Due to its underwater position, it is subject to corrosion from seawater with a pH of 7 to 8.5. This study aims to determine the corrosion rate of stainless steel 316L, a wmical method with seawater media with variations of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of immersion. Analysis of the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel specimens in seawater media with immersion of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours by potentiodynamic electrochemical method. It was found that the lowest corrosion rate data occurred on specimens of 0 hours of immersion with an average value of 4.5681 x 10-3 mmpy while the highest corrosion rate occurred in specimens that were immersed for 96 hours, showing an average value of 8.6811x10-3 mmpy, this shows the value of the corrosion rate that occurs increases with the length of immersion time. This research contributes to achieving SDGs 9, 11, 13, and 14.

This research investigates the factors influencing the performance of higher education institutions (HEIs) audited by internal auditors from the perspectives of internal auditors at public universities in Indonesia. Internal audit scopes (IAS), professional skills (PS), organizational commitment (OC), applied procedure (AP), internal auditor experience (IAE), fraud prevention (FP), information technology (IT), ITIC internal controls (ITICs) and quality culture (QC) all have an impact on the performance of HEIs (PHEIs) audited by internal auditors. This research also looks at how internal quality auditing (IQA) influences QC, as well as how QC mediates the link between OC, procedure application (AP) and HEI performance audited by internal auditors. The sampling strategy employed in this research was random sampling, and the processed data consisted of 177 internal auditor samples gathered between January and June 2023. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) and the SmartPLS statistical method. Our data show that PS, OC, AP, IAE, FP, IT, ITICs and QC all have substantial beneficial benefits on HEI performance audited by internal auditors, except for IAS, which has minor positive effects. IQA has a significant beneficial influence on QC. QC influences the link between OC, AP and HEI performance audited by internal auditors.

Latosol soil is one of the predominant soil types in the Bogor region, but it is characterized by low nutrient content. One approach to improving soil conditions is the use of biochar as a soil amendment. Biochar, being rich in carbon, has the potential to enhance soil quality. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of soil after the application of rice husk biochar. The application of rice husk biochar was found to influence the characteristics of latosol soil. Higher biochar doses resulted in increased soil electrical conductivity and total carbon content, with the highest values recorded at a treatment level of 125 tons/ha, reaching 335.7 μS/cm and 4.71%, respectively. In this study, the addition of biochar had no effects on soil pH and total nitrogen content. Additionally, silicon content in the soil was enhanced by the application of rice husk biochar. Overall, the application of rice husk biochar can improve the quality of latosol soil in Bogor Regency.

This research seeks to explore how the digital economy affects economic growth in 34 provinces in Indonesia by analyzing quarterly data from 2017 to 2022 using dynamic panel GMM estimation techniques. The findings indicated a lasting connection between the economy and economic growth along with a beneficial influence on economic development. The results suggest that policymakers should prioritize promoting the adoption of economic initiatives. Next on the agenda was the necessity of implementing regulations to govern commerce and offer perks to companies using technology. Subsequently, there was a need to improve the infrastructure of information and communication technology (ICT) and give priority to its accessibility across all regions. Furthermore, there is a call to enhance the skills and proficiency of workers and human resources within the ICT industry. Lastly, A crucial aspect is the call for investments aimed at boosting capabilities within the ICT and electronic business sectors.

The decline in forest benefits recognition caused local wisdom on agroforestry technology to fade, threatening the Manggarai people’s identity as a community living harmoniously with forests. The loss of the agroforestry lexicon jeopardizes not only linguistic diversity but also the traditional ecological knowledge embedded within it. Without revitalization, sustainable agroforestry practices balancing agriculture and forest conservation may vanish, further endangering the local environment. This research identifies the agroforestry lexicon of the Manggarai people, using their communication as the data source. Employing ethnographic methods, data were collected through observation, interviews, and elicitation with the Ruteng Pu’u community. Participatory observation of their farming life, in‑depth interviews, and targeted elicitation yielded 253 agroforestry‑related lexicons absent from the Indonesian language. These lexicons fall into three categories: (1) nouns for agroforestry plants, (2) nouns for agroforestry tools, and (3) verbs for agroforestry stages. The findings reveal that agroforestry lexicons are an integral, albeit archaic, part of the Manggarai language. This study contributes to environmental conservation by documenting lexicons essential for sustainable farming and forest management practices.

A microfluidic structure plays a crucial role in supporting liquid sensors. However, modeling a multilayered microfluidic structure faces challenges for permittivity sensor applications, particularly concerning the non-monotonic behavior of multilayered dielectrics. These challenges arise due to the varying characteristics of the electric field (E) direction in dielectrics with low and high permittivity. The existing models exhibit significant deviations from measurement results across a wide permittivity range. To address the issue, this paper proposes a quasi-static conformal approach with exponentially tapered capacitance to minimize deviations caused by nonlinear behavior. This study uses the exponential tapered permittivity ratio to adjust and modify the capacitance value. The proposed model was examined across samples with a wide range of permittivity, spanning from air of 1.0 to water of 80.0. To verify the proposed model, finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental measurements were conducted. A three-layer configuration was prepared, i.e., glass (ε_r2 = 7.3) / liquid sample (ε_r3 = 1.0-80.0) / glass (ε_r4 = 7.3). The sample was positioned at the middle layer by using a microfluidic channel with a cuboid shape. As a result, the comparison of the quasi-static conformal approach without and with the exponentially tapered capacitance model reveals deviations in the effective permittivity (ε_r-eff) of 27.7% and 1.3%, in the characteristic impedance ( Z ₀) of 11.1% and 0.8%, and in the total capacitance ( C _T) of 28.5% and 1.4%, respectively. Subsequently, the proposed sensor structure was fabricated and measured for permittivity sensor application using the resonant frequency shift approach. The measurement results, ranging from the air (ε_r3 = 1.0) to the water sample (ε_r3 = 80.0), showed a frequency shift of 425.50 MHz and an average normalized sensitivity (NS) of 0.64%. This study presents a robust and accurate model, offering a practical solution for permittivity sensing. The proposed approach meets the high accuracy and sensitivity demands in diverse industrial and environmental applications. Additionally, the model is recommended for various sectors, including the biomedical industry, medicine, and material quality control.

This paper proposes a single-port interdigital capacitor (IDC) resonator based on asymmetric branch feed line with high stability performance for permittivity detection of solid materials with a permittivity range of 1 - 6.15. The microwave sensor is designed using a single-port resonator operating at two different resonant frequencies f_r1 = 1.61 GHz and f_r2 = 2.52 GHz. Dual band frequency was proposed using asymmetric branch feed line. In addition, to confine the electric field concentration of the resonator, an interdigital capacitor (IDC) structure is proposed as a solution. Furthermore, a copper shield was proposed as conducting material to evaluate performance stability of the sensor from disturbance effect with range of d = 1 cm – 2.5 cm. Based on the measurement results, the sensor has high stability both without and with disturbance with an a Frequency Detection Resolution (FDR) of 0.009 - 0.4 GHz/Δε_r, a Normalized Sensitivity (NS) of 0.4% - 4.4%, and an average accuracy of 90% - 95% for both resonance frequencies, respectively. Therefore, this sensor can be recommended for several applications such as biomedical industry, pharmaceuticals and material quality control especially for outdoor measurements that are potentially affected by electromagnetic interference and disturbance.

Aim/Purpose: This study investigates how external stimuli and organizational culture influence the development of a management control system (MCS) to foster radical innovation and improve organizational performance. Specifically, it quantifies the effects of constraining and enabling levers on interaction and Knowledge sharing while examining how radical innovation mitigates technological turbulence to enhance performance. Background: This research was conducted on startup companies because many of them are closed due to a lack of visibility into the external environment and organizational culture in creating control system management and a lack of creation of radical innovation. Methodology: This quantitative research includes 329 respondents who are managers at startup companies in Indonesia. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents at startup enterprises to conduct the study. Data collection was performed both in person and online. SEM-PLS was the instrument employed for the measurement. Contribution: Startups are often in a dynamic environment with high uncertainty. This research offers insights into managing external influences and building an organizational culture that supports Knowledge and innovation to improve performance. The research can also provide input for policymakers, such as governments or business incubators, to create policies that support startup growth, especially in the face of technological challenges. Findings: Sampling 329 startup managers from Indonesia, this quantitative research was conducted using a structured self-administered questionnaire, and the data was analyzed through SEM-PLS. The results show that external stimuli and organizational culture significantly influence the establishment of the MCS and foster the ability of the startup to respond to drastic changes in the environment. This system encourages the promotion of knowledge sharing, which brings about radical innovations that increase market share and improve organizational performance. Interestingly, the analysis shows that enabling and constraining levers, knowledge sharing, and radical innovation are the factors that determine 76.9% (R² = 0.769) of organizational performance. Recommendations for Practitioners: Innovation remains the company’s main focus, and startups need to consider external stimuli, cultivate an organizational culture that supports innovation, and change the management control system so that the company can take advantage of fundamental changes and achievements, especially during the technological revolution. Recommendation for Researchers: Research has the potential to simultaneously add variables such as leadership style, employee engagement, or market orientation to observe how they affect innovation and organizational performance. The study may encompass startups and other marketplaces, including large technology firms, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the creative sector, to ensure consistency in findings across diverse settings. Impact on Society: With the improvement of the performance of startup organizations, people can enjoy high-quality products or services at more competitive prices. More innovative and well-performing startups will drive business growth, directly creating new job opportunities in various sectors. In addition, the growing emphasis on innovation means that people will be motivated to gain technological and creative skills, which in turn improves workforce efficiency. Future Research: Further research could examine how changes in government policies, such as implementing digital taxes or restrictions on foreign investors, affect the interaction between radical innovation and a company’s performance. Future researchers may also focus on the impact of blockchain technology on the creation of facilitating mechanisms for improving performance and innovation in technology-based startups.

This study investigated the potential of substituting wheat flour with drum-dried overripe Kepok plantain flour (KPF) to enhance instant the nutritional and textural properties of noodles. Noodles were prepared with varying KPF substitutions (10%, 20%, and 30%) and compared to a control (0% KPF). The results show that KPF remarkably influences the adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, and hardness of noodles. Notably, 10% KPF substitution yielded noodles with moderate elasticity and good shape retention but increased their firmness. Increasing the KPF substitution resulted in less sticky noodles, with noodles with 20% KPF substitution showing improved elasticity and shape retention but a firmer texture. At 30% substitution, noodles were less sticky and slightly softer, although their shape retention somewhat decreased. Moreover, KPF substitution greatly altered the pasting properties of flour. Increasing the KPF substitution resulted in lower peak viscosity values, indicating a potential for stronger gelling of amylose in the noodles. This modification aligns with the desired characteristics of alkaline noodles, suggesting that KPF substitution, particularly at 30%, can improve the gelling properties and overall quality of the final product. Furthermore, KPF substitution improved the cooking quality, resulting in shorter cooking times and lower cooking losses than control noodles. This is attributed to the lower water uptake of KPF noodles, leading to a slimmer shape after cooking. Furthermore, KPF substitution increased the content of resistant starch and decreased oil absorption during frying. This study highlights the potential of KPF as a functional ingredient for developing more nutritious and sustainable instant noodles.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) in biology education offers transformative potential, yet teacher preparedness for AI remains under-researched. This study explores the perceived benefits of AI integration and self-reported Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge ( TPACK ) among pre-service biology teachers from a South African university (n = 62) and an Indonesian university (n = 51). Using a comparative survey design, data were collected via an online questionnaire. Indonesian participants reported higher Technological Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge levels, though both groups viewed AI integration positively, with no significant differences in perceived benefits. Among Indonesian participants, Technological Knowledge strongly correlated with perceived benefits, especially for peer collaboration. These findings highlight the importance of tailored teacher training and equitable technological resource allocation to enhance AI integration in biology education. The study underscores the critical role of technological and pedagogical knowledge in fostering positive attitudes toward AI adoption in diverse educational settings.

The behavior of biomass pyrolysis can be predicted by analyzing its characteristics. This study aimed to model the release of volatiles across various temperatures, biomass properties, and heating rates. Palm kernel shells were pyrolyzed at 433–773 K with a heating rate of 5 K·min⁻¹ using volatile‐state kinetic modeling. The process began by calculating the biomass type number (NCT), which was used to determine volatile enhancement (VE), volatile release yield (YVY), product yield (Yi), and product mass fraction (yi). The kinetic parameters, including the activation energy for product formation (Eai), were derived through a fitting process. The results indicate a YVY of 70.77% within the devolatilization zone, corresponding to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The YVY increased with higher temperatures, lower NCT, and higher heating rates. The activation energy ranged from 155–185 kJ·mol⁻¹ for biocrude oil (BCO) and 149–186 kJ·mol⁻¹ for gas. The kinetic parameters from the volatile‐state kinetic model demonstrated errors below 0.2% in comparison with the experimental data, confirming the model's accuracy and reliability.

Background Myxobacteria are Gram-negative bacteria renowned for their valuable production of secondary metabolites; however, their diverse protease enzymes remain less explored. Aim In this investigation, a novel strain was isolated from mangrove soil that produces alkaline protease. Methods Using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, the strain was identified as Myxococcus virescens species. The extracellular alkaline protease MvCP of strain S2-2 was produced using growth media containing agro-industrial by-products such as soybean meal and tofu dregs. Results MvCP exhibited optimum activity within a pH range from 9 to 10 and temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 50 °C. MvCP activity was improved with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions, whereas EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.25 mM had no significant effect. MvCP was stable in chloroform, acetone, Triton X-100, Tween-20, and Tween 80. Conclusion MvCP can be considered an eco-friendly option for use in household cleaning products and chitin extraction processes. Graphical Abstract

Southeast Asian countries are embracing updated integrated curricula, such as STEM , which are impacted by socio-scientific, political, and economic reasons related to global educational reform. This study compares science curricula regarding science and engineering practices ( SEP s) in Indonesian, Thai, and Vietnamese science curricula. The SEP s in the curricular learning outcomes were examined using qualitative content analysis. According to the analysis, the learning outcomes of the three Southeast Asian countries were more aligned with science than engineering. Students most often practiced ‘constructing scientific explanations,’ while the least common was ‘asking questions and defining problems’ across countries. Compared to Indonesia and Vietnam, the Thai curriculum typically included ‘developing a model’, a key science and engineering practice. The findings suggest that curriculum design may reconsider integration, curricular coherence, and learning goals for modelling, asking questions, and engineering to increase engagement with diverse activities.

This chapter is a discussion about both process and content in several weekly Sunday morning conversations. It explores re-inventing democracy in the digital era, governance and areas of concern with youth leaders and the young at heart from Africa and Indonesia. Overall, we reflect on social, economic and environmental challenges. Some of the participants from previous dialogues initiated by the Future Worlds Center focused on their own experiences. We also add insights from additional participants from several conversations held as Zoom and WhatsApp conversations from South Africa and Indonesia held from August to November 2023.

The community of practice works to support the protection of multispecies habitat by pooling and sharing knowledge based on shared concerns and values. Together, we practice in a range of contexts locally and link with colleagues in Indonesia who support food and water security through a collegial systemic approach. Our praxis is rooted in protecting the commons using intergenerational learning and a cross cultural, interdisciplinary approach to set up transformative community engagement projects to ‘earn, learn and grow a future’ though finding out what works, why and how and mapping our findings on social, economic and environmental indicators of wellbeing—in order to promote and support food, water and energy security. The team will discuss the work of Dzomo la Mupo, the Participatory Guarantee System who focus on food security and the work of our COP in Indonesia which applies the principles of critical systemic praxis to promoting agro-ecology and habitat protection, in particular forests, soil, rivers and mangroves. We discuss systemic interventions in both South Africa and Indonesia. The case studies in this volume are selected because rapid urbanisation along with de-forestation and destruction of biodiversity poses an existential risk for human beings and the other plant and animal species on which communities depend. The chapter outlines ways forward through protecting our shared habitat, promoting agro-ecology, free range organic farming, the protection of wild life and the lowering of our carbon footprint through localisation, food sovereignty and scaling up a green circular economy approach, extending SDGs, protecting rivers and forests.