State University of Makassar

Business literacy is intellectual capital, which includes financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, and digital economic literacy, and its role in entrepreneurial creativity and the success of MSMEs is an important aspect to study, especially from a knowledge-based perspective. This research aims to identify and explore the influence of financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, and digital economic literacy on the success of MSMEs, with entrepreneurial creativity as a moderator variable. This research uses quantitative methods. The data collection technique used in this research is a questionnaire. The sample in this study was 700 respondents and were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis using PLS-SEM through Smart PLS software version 4. This research provides a comprehensive exploration and understanding of the fact that financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, and digital economic literacy are intangible assets that have an impact on business success. This research succeeded in finding and confirming that financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, and digital economic literacy have a positive and significant effect on the success of MSMEs through entrepreneurial creativity. This finding emphasizes the development of new concepts and insights related to intellectual capital in MSMEs that include financial literacy, entrepreneurial literacy, and digital economic literacy as part of intellectual capital in the knowledge-based view perspective.

Industry 6.0 is more than just factory automation, representing a comprehensive transformation through the seamless integration of advanced technologies. The overhaul aims to improve decision-making, productivity, and customisation while aligning with environmentally friendly practices, especially “Green Horizon”. By incorporating environmentally friendly technologies into the industry 6.0 framework, a balance between industrial innovation and sustainability can be achieved. The integration of smart technologies in Industry 6.0 is also influencing education, reshaping learning through AIEd-based advanced technologies. This research explores innovative approaches to incorporating environmentally friendly practices into EFL language teaching materials, utilising the digital tools ChatGPT and Tutor Lily for a more environmentally friendly learning environment. Using a survey method with a quantitative approach analysed via SPSS, this research involved 213 students in the 2023 academic year, with a random sample of 99 students. The results show students’ positive response to teaching materials that link transformation with Green Horizon principles, fostering environmentally conscious learning behaviour. Recommendations cover topics such as environmental language learning relationships, green technology in EFL, language activities for environmental awareness, literacy, and inspiring student activism for a sustainable future. Although there is a positive relationship between environmentally friendly English language materials and behaviour, the small coefficient indicates a subtle impact or influence of other unknown factors. In summary, further investigation and refinement of instructional materials may be necessary to improve predictive capabilities regarding variations in Eco-Friendly English Materials.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, are significant health concerns in Indonesia. Healthcare workers are particularly vulnerable due to occupational stress and physical inactivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and blood pressure among healthcare workers, particularly nurses in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2023 at a hospital in Lampung Province. A total of 92 nurses volunteered to participate. Physical fitness was assessed using the Rockport Walking Test (RWT), and blood pressure was measured before and three minutes after the RWT. Body mass index (BMI) and demographic data were also collected. Paired t-tests were used to analyze changes in blood pressure. Before the RWT, 78.3% of participants had normal blood pressure, increasing to 90.2% post-RWT. The mean decrease in blood pressure was 1.93 mmHg (p = 0.031). Despite 63.0% of participants having poor physical fitness, moderate physical activity, as measured by the RWT, was associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. This study found an association between physical fitness and blood pressure among healthcare workers, particularly nurses. While the cross-sectional design limits causal conclusions, the findings suggest that promoting physical activity could help manage blood pressure and reduce NCD risks in this critical workforce.

Coffee, a popular beverage worldwide, requires thorough quality assessment to ensure its authenticity and meet consumer demands. Traditional methods in the industry are often subjective, expensive, and time‐consuming. This study used a compact, portable electronic nose (e‐nose) with machine learning models to classify and distinguish between civet and non‐civet roasted beans. The polynomial feature extraction method was used to extract important parameters from the sensor response and improve system performance. Classification models like linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LR), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and support vector machines (SVM) were applied to classify the samples. Among these, the LDA model with polynomial features yielded the highest validation and test accuracies, with values of 0.89 ± 0.04 and 0.93, respectively. This was higher than the statistical feature methods, which obtained validation and test accuracies of 0.80 ± 0.07 and 0.87, respectively. The acquired e‐nose results were correlated with compound concentrations in roasted coffee beans measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). These findings demonstrate the e‐nose system's promising potential to effectively distinguish civet from non‐civet roasted coffee beans based on their aroma profiles using polynomial feature extraction methods.

Ecotourism policy faces challenges in balancing tourism growth with environmental conservation, making it essential to understand existing research trends and gaps. This research aims to map the trend characteristics of global literature related to ecotourism policy. By employing bibliometric analysis methods and data visualization using the VOSviewer tool, this study provides comprehensive insights into trends, research foci, and the interactions among concepts within ecotourism policy literature. These insights open avenues for identifying research gaps and guiding future studies in this field. Data extracted from selected databases indicate a growing research interest in ecotourism policy, underscored by a multidisciplinary approach. The study also highlights frequently cited contributions that have significantly influenced academic literature on the subject. Additionally, global collaboration in this domain is evident, with notable contributions from countries such as Indonesia, the United States, China, and Australia. Despite the progress, substantial research gaps remain, particularly concerning environmental management, economic development, and climate change, underscoring the necessity for further investigation to bridge these gaps. Future research should aim to provide more targeted policy strategies and practical measures for sustainable ecotourism development, ensuring a balance between tourism growth and environmental conservation.

Objective: Chemotherapy is one of the most effective and widely used treatment types for breast cancer. The Ni(II) proline dithiocarbamate (Ni(II)ProDtc) complex has been synthesized as a potential anticancer agent with minimal systemic toxicity. The dithiocarbamate ligand, combined with the amino acid proline, holds promise as a radiochemotherapeutic target agent in tumors. The anticancer activity of a Ni(II) complex compound with a proline dithiocarbamate ligand was tested on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line as part of a study on essential metal-based therapeutics. Methods: Molecular docking studies identified the active sites for the estradiol-estrogen receptor-α protein. The Ni(II)ProDtc complex was synthesized and characterized using melting point analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the complex was evaluated in vitro using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Results: The UV-Vis spectrum at 246 nm indicated the π→π* intraligand transition of the CS2 group, while FT-IR analysis revealed peaks at 364–457 cm-1 corresponding to the bonding between Ni and Sulfur (S) and Oxygen (O) from proline. Further, the UV-Vis spectrum displayed bands at 212 and 676 nm, and FT-IR data at 387–691 cm-1, confirming the coordination of the Ni(II) atoms with sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the isoleucine dithiocarbamate ligand. In vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed that Ni(II)ProDtc induced cell death in the breast cancer cell line, showing significant morphological changes in MCF-7 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 315.70 µg/mL. Conclusion: The Ni(II)ProDtc complex was successfully synthesized and demonstrates anticancer activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, indicating significant potential as an anticancer agent for breast cancer.

Hand-eye coordination refers to the ability to perform tasks that require the simultaneous use of the hands and eyes, such as using visual-spatial perception to guide hand movements. An intricate comprehension of the brain’s functioning is vital for individuals to possess hand-eye coordination, which necessitates the integration of visual and motor abilities. The study assessed the level of hand-eye coordination fitness during folk dance. This study employed a quantitative methodology, with researchers utilizing a quasi-experimental approach evaluating the hand-eye coordination of participants in folk dance. This study comprised of seventh-grade students during the academic year 2023-2024. Researchers noted that individuals without previous performance experience encountered challenges in executing the dance action, while those who engaged in practice found it effortless. The researchers discovered a statistically significant disparity in the pretest and post-test scores of the respondents. The findings indicated that the respondents’ hand-eye coordination level may be improved and cultivated when executing a folk dance by diligently practicing the given pattern. The researchers suggested the utilization of the Drop Stick Game, Head Shoulder Knees and Ball, Chest Overhead Pass, and Clap-Catch Game. These four developmental exercises enhance hand-eye coordination and optimize performance. Additionally, it will aid students in cultivating hand-eye coordination, particularly during performances.

Environmental valuation studies in developing countries often focus on popular tourist destinations. However, their relevance to less-visited sites must also be demonstrated to value and protect diverse natural habitats effectively. This paper evaluates the economic value of mangrove tourism services in the Sinjai District of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data were collected from local households and tourists. Although the annual value of mangrove tourism in the Sinjai District of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is approximately US$32,000, it significantly lags behind the direct yearly use value of mangrove extraction activities, which totals around US$ 720,000. These findings highlight the imperative to boost the economic contribution of mangrove tourism as a viable alternative income source to fishing and aquaculture. Enhancing the value of mangrove tourism fosters sustainable development and safeguards critical ecosystems.

Objectives: This study explores stakeholders' perspectives on the direct, social, economic, and cultural impacts of climate change on health in Indonesia and identifies possible strategies to enhance health system resilience. Methods: This study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines to ensure comprehensive and transparent reporting. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 stakeholders with relevant expertise, including government officials, representatives from international and professional health organizations, health workers, and community representatives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Data saturation was reached when no new themes emerged. Results: The findings reveal significant challenges to Indonesia's health system due to climate change. Community awareness varies widely, with higher levels in disaster-prone areas. Socially, climate change has fostered community cooperation through collective adaptation efforts but has also led to tensions due to inequitable resource distribution. Economically, rising healthcare costs and financial instability, particularly in rural and disaster-prone regions, place a strain on the system. Culturally, there is a growing emphasis on environmental conservation, promoting eco-friendly practices and the integration of traditional and modern health approaches. Conclusion: Building health system resilience in Indonesia requires addressing the social, economic, and cultural impacts of climate change. Possible strategies include enhancing public health education, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, improving inter-agency coordination, and leveraging technology to support effective responses to climate-related health threats, ultimately promoting national health, social stability, and economic growth.

This qualitative research uses descriptive methods which aims to reveal the embodiment of pragmatic values, the content, and the function contained in Makassar folklore. This research uses the concept of Jauss's horizon reception theory with a pragmatic approach that is oriented towards the text, reader, and context in (1) revealing the pragmatic values, content, and function of values that radiate in Makassar folklore texts, which (2) are interpreted based on knowledge, experience, and expectations, as well as (3) fiction and reality, namely the capabilities of narrow and wide horizons. The ten data sources of Makassar folk tales used in this research are Kappala Tallumbatu, Makdik Daeng Rimakka, Datu Museng dan Maipa Deapati, I Manakkuk, Toakkala, Pung Tedong Bersama Tiga Orang Putra Raja, Sebab Ikan Hiu Tidak Dimakan, cerita I Kukang, Kisah Orang yang Tujuh Anaknya, I Tinuluk. Collecting research data uses reading techniques, note-taking techniques and literature study. Data analysis techniques include data collection, display/data identification, axial/data classification, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show (1) the manifestation of pragmatic values related to the value of religious, the value of moral and ethical education, social and cultural education, moral/character education, and the value of intelligence and logic education. (2) The content of pragmatic values in the form of the content of pragmatic values towards God Almighty, the content of pragmatic values towards oneself, the content of pragmatic values towards fellow humans/family, the content of pragmatic values towards society. (3) the function of pragmatic values in Makassar folklore, in the form of religious practice functions, cultural practice functions, educational practice functions, and social practice functions. Based on the results of the data analysis study shows that the values of people's lives in the past regarding the form of values, content, and function of pragmatic values can be used as a reflection of life, especially moral messages that are relevant to current social conditions. Keywords: Reception, Pragmatics, Makassar Folklore.

Among fruits, the apple is unique for producing large amounts of the dihydrochalcone phloridzin, which, together with phloretin, its aglycone, is valuable to the pharmaceutical and food industries for its antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties, as well as its use as a sweetener. We analysed the phloridzin concentration, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in the peel, flesh, seeds, juice, and pomace of 13 international and local apple varieties. In the unprocessed fruit, the seeds had the highest phloridzin content, while the highest total phenolic contents were mostly found in the peel. In processed samples, phloridzin and the total phenolic compounds especially were higher mostly in juice than in pomace. Moreover, the total phenolic content was much higher than the phloridzin content. Juice showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the peel and flesh. Across all samples, antioxidant activity did not directly correlate with phloridzin concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant activity ascribed to phloridzin may need re-evaluation. In the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, phloridzin only showed antioxidant activity at high concentrations when compared to its aglycone, phloretin. Considering the large amounts of apple juice produced by the juice industry, residual pomace is a promising source of phloridzin. For technical use, processing this phloridzin to phloretin would be advantageous.

This study aims to develop spiritual competence training and test its direct impacts on student’s emotional intelligence and well-being. Previous spiritual concepts and interventions were reviewed to create the most effective spiritual competence for students in Indonesia. To examine the validity of the training outcomes, emotional intelligence and overall well-being were measured. This study employed a within-subject design where participants were assessed before and after the training. The participants were high school students in Makassar, Indonesia. The study was advertised to public and private schools in Makassar, and 40 students were selected for the training. Before participating, participants must submit an informed consent form and a parental consent form for participants under 18 years old. This study found significant differences in emotional intelligence and overall well-being before and after the training. Spiritual competence training could improve students’ emotional intelligence and well-being. This training may benefit students, particularly in improving their spiritual dimensions. Additionally, this study has provided early evidence regarding the effect of spiritual competence training on emotional intelligence and well-being. Some spiritual dimensions can be improved by enriching students’ knowledge and skills. This study is among a few studies that used a competency-based approach to improve students’ spiritual dimensions and further assessed their immediate impacts on students’ emotional intelligence and well-being.

The quality of corn flour can improve through a modification process. The modification method that can be done to improve the characteristics of corn flour is through a controlled fermentation process accompanied by pregelatinization. This study aims to determine the effect modification of corn flour by spontaneous fermentation, controlled fermentation using Lactobacillus fabifermentans or Aspergillus sp culture and mixed culture of L. fabifermentans and Aspergillus sp (1:3) followed by pregelatinization at 80ºC for 15 minutes. The treatment variables in this study were spontaneous fermentation, controlled fermentation using single cultures of L. fabifermentans or Aspergillus sp., and mixed cultures of these microbes with a ratio of 1:3. This study consisted of 4 treatments with three groups each. This research is an experimental study using Randomized Block Design (RBD). Observation variables in this study were proximates tests (moisture content, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates) and starch digestibility. The data were processed using the SPSS version 22 program, with the method analysis of variance (ANOVA), and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of variance analysis from spontaneous fermentation treatments, single culture fermentation of L. fabifermentans or Aspergillus sp, and mixed cultures of L. fabifermentans and Aspergillus sp (1:3) gave significant effect on moisture content, fat, carbohydrates, and starch digestibility of modified corn flour. The best-modified corn flour was obtained by controlled fermentation treatment using L. fabifermentans followed by pregelatinization with characteristics of moisture content 14.46%, ash 0.13%, protein 7.41%, fat 0.65%, carbohydrates 80.06%, and starch digestibility 87.15%.