Sriwijaya University

Farm productivity is closely related to efficiency because the measure of productivity is how much output can be produced per unit of input; the value of technical efficiency is a potential source of productivity growth, and is the key to meeting future growth in demand for agricultural products. This study aims to examine the efficiency and increase in plantation index (IP) and sustainability of rice production to improve farmers' welfare in non-tidal swampland. This research was located in the area of rice farming in the non-tidal swampland; for this reason, three districts were selected, namely Ogan Ilir District (OI), Ogan Komering Ilir District (OKI) and Banyuasin District with a total sample size of 200 farmers representing 3 plantation index (IP) indices (IP100, IP200 and IP300). The method of analysis used to answer the alleged value of production efficiency is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and the method of analysis is used to estimate the factors that affect the value of production efficiency using Tobit Regression Analysis. The results showed that IP200 is the most technically efficient planting index, and the scale of production in this study is CRS (constant return to scale). IP300 is the most efficient planting index compared to others allocate, while in terms of economic efficiency, IP100 is the least efficient planting index. Two factors have a positive and significant effect on efficient production: the land ownership status dummy and the farmer group membership dummy.

Indoensia faces significant challenges due to its reliance on fossil fuels, which contribute to high greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate this issue, Indonesia is actively investigating renewable energy alternatives, such as wind power, despite conditions with typically low wind speeds. This study explores the potential application of NdFeB (Neodymium Iron Boron) permanent magnets in wind turbine generators, aiming to enhance efficiency and minimize environmental impacts. NdFeB magnets provide significant coercivity and energy density, which can improve generator performance in low‐wind conditions. This paper examines various synthesis methods for NdFeB magnets, including powder metallurgy and melt‐spinning, while also exploring their applications and advantages in wind turbines. Challenges such as dependence on rare earth elements, corrosion, and material expenses are also investigated. By investing in advanced magnet technology and renewable infrastructure, Indonesia has the potential to enhance its wind energy capacity, contributing to the long‐term sustainability goals and supporting industrial development in green energy.

Background The effectiveness of radioiodine therapy (RAI) in reducing recurrence and improving overall survival in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) remains debated. This systematic review evaluates the impact of RAI on DTC recurrence and survival. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Tripdatabase, including studies from inception to August 2024. Only studies published in English with full-text availability were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (RoBANS 2). Results Nine studies were included, involving 161,703 participants (36,658 men and 125,045 women). The studies were geographically diverse, with four from the American continent, three from Asia, and two from Europe. RAI doses ranged from 30 to 300 mCi, with 30 mCi and 100 mCi being the most common. Five studies found that RAI reduced recurrence, while two found no significant effect. The median time to recurrence ranged from 10 months to 15 years, with most studies indicating a 1–2-year median. Regarding overall survival, two studies reported improvement with successful RAI therapy, while two found no significant impact. Conclusion RAI therapy shows potential in reducing recurrence in DTC, particularly within the first 2-year post-treatment, but its effect on overall survival remains unclear. Further high-quality research is necessary to confirm these findings and guide clinical practice.

Aquatic biodiversity is rapidly declining owing to global climate change, increasing anthropogenic activities, and species invasions. The Batanghari River, one of the Indonesia’s longest rivers, faces severe pressure from illegal gold mining, industrial pollution, and domestic waste. Despite evidence of biodiversity loss, a comprehensive assessment has yet to be undertaken. This study used eDNA metabarcoding, targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (co1) gene fragment, to analyze the diversity of aquatic biota in Batanghari River. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, as used in this study, offers broader insights compared with traditional methods by enabling the detection of a wider range of species, including those that are rare, cryptic, or difficult to capture. A total of 22,180,436 reads were generated from five river watersheds. Approximately 80% of reads were classified to the species level (72.5–100% of identical matches), with the remainder identified as unidentified taxa. Significant differences in species richness and community composition were observed between upstream and downstream areas. Taxonomic richness was highest at Batanghari Hulu, the most upstream site, with 9161 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), including 5773 Chordata, 1755 Arthropoda, and 433 Mollusca. In contrast, downstream locations such as Batanghari Hilir exhibited lower richness, with 3888 ASVs, including 2681 Chordata, 651 Arthropoda, and 224 Mollusca. These differences are likely influenced by increasing anthropogenic stressors downstream. Furthermore, beta diversity analysis showed significant variation in taxonomic composition among sampling locations (permutational multivariate analysis of variance, PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Additionally, several extinct or endangered species were detected at multiple sites, as confirmed by our previous work. This study highlights the critical role of eDNA metabarcoding in assessing biodiversity, providing valuable insights for conservation and management efforts aimed at protecting the Batanghari River ecosystem.

Accurate forecasting of import values is crucial for effective economic planning and policy-making in emerging economies like Indonesia. Traditional forecasting methods often face challenges in capturing the complex, non-linear dynamics inherent in macroeconomic time series data. This study evaluates the performance of three prominent Machine Learning (ML) models—Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest, and Decision Tree—for forecasting Indonesian goods and services imports. Utilising historical macroeconomic time series data for Indonesia spanning 1970–2023, the models were trained and rigorously evaluated using standard metrics, including mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R ² ). To address the limitation of the relatively small original dataset size, data augmentation via linear interpolation was explored, and the models' prediction accuracy for the year 2023 was specifically assessed. The results indicate that SVR demonstrated superior performance compared to Random Forest and Decision Tree based on the evaluation metrics and achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the 2023 import value, particularly after data interpolation was applied, which generally improved point prediction accuracy. The findings suggest that ML models, especially SVR, are effective and promising tools for enhancing the precision of Indonesian import forecasting. This research provides valuable empirical evidence for policymakers and practitioners seeking to leverage advanced computational techniques for improved economic forecasting and planning in an emerging market context while also highlighting considerations related to data characteristics and augmentation strategies for future methodological advancements.

Efforts to reduce hunger continue to face significant challenges. A strategic plan is needed to improve food security. This study aims to describe the implementation of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) to improve rice food security and analyze socio-economic factors that affect food security in South Sumatra Province by analyzing secondary data in South Sumatra Province. The analytical method uses multiple linear regression. The data are taken from the Food Security Agency and the South Sumatra Regional Development Planning Agency. The results showed that the condition of food security in South Sumatra for the past 24 years has experienced ups and downs caused by various disasters such as fires and floods that cause crop failure. Socio-economic factors that have a significant effect on food security in South Sumatra include per capita spending on food and the number of poor communities, and factors that do not have a significant effect are rice prices, the average length of schooling, and per capita rice consumption. By focusing on community development to exclude the poor, there needs to be active participation from the community in participating in several existing programs. This study expands on previous research by identifying additional socio-economic factors influencing food security.

The Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) exhibits fresher conditions during the northwest monsoon, particularly in its southern hemisphere component (hereafter, “IMCsh”). The salinity budget formula is used to calculate the contributions of surface flux, river discharge, and advection to seasonal salinity patterns in the Banda Sea and its link to climatic events. The Banda Sea exhibits mild freshening in December and massive freshening in March. The December freshening is associated with surface flux caused by precipitation, and the March freshening with Java Sea zonal advection, with a modest contribution from surface flux. The Java Sea undergoes freshening during the early phase of the northwest monsoon, from November to December; this is dominated by surface flux, with a modest contribution from South China Sea (SCS) throughflow. This freshening is the major contributor to freshwater in the IMCsh. From January to May, Java Sea salinity declines, owing primarily to river discharge, with oceanic precipitation having slight effect. The contribution of low‐salinity water from the SCS to the Java Sea is smaller than that of surface flux. Comparing years, IMCsh salinity is more closely associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and its current component with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Freshening in the Banda Sea is strongly correlated with ENSO, while that in the Java Sea is highly correlated to the IOD. Salinization in the Banda Sea in September–November affects IOD in the following February. These findings reveal that the northwest monsoon freshening is driven primarily by river discharge and advection (independent or coupled).

Effective policymaking for mangrove conservation requires a clear understanding of the value that local communities attribute to mangrove ecosystems as well as their impact on community livelihoods and overall well‐being. This study aims to (i) explore local perceptions regarding the mangroves in Sembilang National Park (SNP) and (ii) examine the factors influencing those perceptions. Drawing on a Mangrove Ecosystems Services (MES) approach, survey fieldwork was conducted in three coastal communities within and around SNP. A total of six services were identified by respondents as very important for material well‐being and livelihoods, including habitat for fish, biodiversity, mangrove supporting services, fisheries and coastal protection (provisioning services), and cultural services. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression results showed that the socio‐demographic attributes of the respondents, including age, education, household size, experience, occupation, and income, significantly influenced preferences for MES. This indicates the importance of considering such factors in mangrove ecosystem management strategies. A clearer understanding of locally recognized and appreciated MES, is essential for effective community‐based mangrove management. Conversely, underappreciated services require greater attention to ensure sustainable utilization. These preferences are context‐specific and may vary depending on the community's socio‐economic and cultural conditions. In conclusion, the results provide an initial framework for integrating local perceptions into policy and management initiatives, with specific focus on sustainable management of MES at the community level.

This study aimed to identify probiotic candidates to enhance egg quality in laying hens by isolating and characterizing Bacillus spp. from various local environmental sources, including crustacean guts such as mud crab (Scylla serrata), blue crab (Portunus pelagicus), and banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) from the coastal areas of the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea, shrimp pond sludge, hot spring soil and chicken feces. Identification was carried using biochemical tests, evaluation probiotic properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Biochemical tests revealed that all 11 isolated strains had characteristics consistent with Bacillus spp. Six of these strains exhibited high spore efficiency, including CPPES01T2 (74.67%), CKNJh11 (80.33%), OYNH31 (82.07%), and THPS1 (71.42%). Strains CPPES01T2 and CKNJh11 were sensitive to ampicillin (10 µg/disc), amoxicillin (30 µg/disc), cloxacillin (1 µg/disc), tetracycline (30 µg/disc), chloramphenicol (30 µg/disc), and kanamycin (30 µg/disc). Strains CPPES01T2 showed tolerance to heat, while strains CPPES01T2, CKNJh11, and THPS1 demonstrated no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, CKNJh11 was selected for developing a supplementary feed for laying hens and the 16 S rRNA sequencing identified strain CKNJh11 as Bacillus aryabhattai which exhibited high resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile salts. For 6 weeks study, resulting in an increase in weight gain and eggshell weight of chickens (p < 0.05). The findings from this study suggest that B. aryabhattai can be a promising spore-forming probiotic bacteria by dietary supplementation with respect to hen performance, egg quality or further development in laying hen production.

Background Postpartum blood loss after cesarean section can be challenging to control, resulting in maternal morbidity and mortality. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic reversible plasminogen inhibitor that is approved for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding, but off-label use has been described, including for the control of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This study aimed to compare postpartum blood loss after cesarean section in women treated with either tranexamic acid or placebo. Material/Methods This single-center clinical study conducted in Indonesia enrolled 88 women undergoing cesarean section. Participants were randomized into 2 groups: the treatment group (n=44) received 1 g of TXA intravenously at the time of surgical incision, and the placebo group (n=44) received 10 ml of saline. Blood loss was measured using a calibrated surgical suction device and pictogram, with total blood loss calculated by subtracting amniotic and irrigation fluids. Results PPH occurred in 10.2% of all patients. Group A had significantly less blood loss than group B (mean=459.4 ml vs 686.3 ml; P<0.001). TXA was significantly protective, reducing the risk of PPH by 87.5% compared to group B (RR=0.125 [95% CI 0.016–0.958]; P=0.045). There were no significant differences in adverse effects between the 2 groups (P=0.101). Conclusions Intraoperative TXA administration significantly reduces blood loss and the risk of PPH in women undergoing cesarean sections. These findings support the routine use of TXA in cesarean management protocols to improve maternal safety and outcomes.

South Sumatra is a unique environment because it is known as a floodplain area. When the rainy season, the river system is connected to other areas. Floodplains are created by seasonal changes that affect the freshwater environment of freshwater shrimp and promote adaptations throughout all life stages of the biota living in them. This study examined the diversity of freshwater shrimp floodplain environment in South Sumatra. The study was conducted using purposive sampling on several rivers in South Sumatra. Identification was based on morphological characteristics. The study identified nine species of freshwater shrimp, divided into two groups. The first group is amphidromous, and its species are Macrobrachium equidens, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Macrobrachium lar, Macrobrachium idea, and Caridina sumatrensis. The second group is land-lock species, including Macrobrachium lanchesteri, Macrobrachium cf. pilimanus, Macrobrachium sintangens, and Macrobrachium cf. nipponense. We used the temporary name “cf” because the sample's identification results show morphological similarities to those in previous research records.

Pure and Ni-doped CoTiO3 powders with a nominal composition of the Co(1–x)NixTiO3 (with x = 0.00; 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75) were prepared by mechanical milling using solid-state reaction from NiO, Co3O4 and TiO2 powders as raw materials in mole ratio. The effect of Ni2+ doping on structural, particle morphology, elemental composition, magnetic properties and microwaves absorption characteristics of Co(1–x)NixTiO3 was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, vibration samples magnetometer and vector network analyzer, respectively. It was found that all fabricated samples show in single phase with hexagonal structure. However, with the presence of Ni2+ ions dopant, the particle size and saturation magnetization (Ms) values decrease, whereas the microwave absorption capability increases.

This study investigates the relationship between the thickness of articular cartilage, subchondral, and cancellous bone with the biomechanical behaviour of the osteochondral unit, aiming to identify the dominant roles of these structures. The findings could assist in designing structures with compatible morphology, materials, and cartilage repair procedures for surgeons. Using bovine hindlegs, measurements of articular cartilage thickness were taken, and indentation and three-point bending tests were performed. The study found that the cartilage thickness was greater in the medial tibial plateau, particularly in the middle region, while the lateral plateau exhibited lower thickness but higher instantaneous modulus and stiffness, especially in the anterior region. Strong correlations were observed between osteochondral bone properties and the thickness of subchondral and cancellous bone in the medial tibial plateau. The biomechanical behaviour of the osteochondral unit showed regional variation, with bone thickness influencing the medial plateau cartilage thickness impacting the lateral plateau. This study provides a possible reference for surgeons to design effective strategies for treating cartilage damage.

Postpartum anxiety and depression are two of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and emerge from being one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated mental health problems. Its prevalence has been reported to affect about 10%–20% of pregnant women. Due to such large‐scale prevalence, the need for better diagnostic techniques and therapeutic management has been addressed in this review. Maternal health largely influences the health of the newborn, affecting not only the growth and development of the child but also the mother‐child bond as mothers with postpartum depression reportedly have a lack of interest in their child. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease including the hormonal factors, the neurotransmitter pathways that become skewed, genetic influences and psychosocial factors, are essential to develop treatment options. This review outlines all the different pathophysiology and theories so far researched in this field. Although significant strides have been made in developing diagnostic and therapeutic management, the need for further research and testing is emphasized. Unfortunately, research testing the safety of several antidepressant classes that can be used to treat postpartum anxiety, and depression cannot be undertaken due to the major ethical issues it raises in conducting such research in pregnant women. This review highlights the promising avenues of further research that have the potential to treat and prevent this debilitating disease. Using biomarkers for early detection, the field of pharmacogenomics which helps to tailor prescriptions for personalized treatment, and pharmacological treatments which include antidepressants like serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and various nonpharmacological measures including massages, psychotherapy, co‐parenting, postnatal exercises, kangaroo care, and music remedies, have been discussed. Finally, the role of public education in highlighting the prevention of stigma surrounding postpartum anxiety and depression has been addressed.

Background Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various cancers, including breast cancer. Elevated TNF-α levels have been associated with cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment outcomes. This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between TNF-α levels and breast cancer. Methods A systematic search of observational studies published from inception to June 2024 was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar to identify studies examining TNF-α levels in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls, as well as its association with metastasis, response to chemotherapy, and survival outcomes. Inclusion criteria were applied to select eligible studies, resulting in nine studies that met the criteria for this review. Results Eight eligible studies reported that breast cancer patients exhibited higher TNF-α levels than healthy controls. Two studies indicated that TNF-α levels were elevated in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, two studies found that patients with higher TNF-α levels tended to have a poorer response to chemotherapy. One study revealed that patients with elevated TNF-α levels had a lower mean survival time. Conclusions Elevated TNF-α levels are significantly associated with breast cancer progression, metastasis, and poorer treatment outcomes. These findings underscore the potential of TNF-α as a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis and therapeutic response. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and validate TNF-α as a target for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer management.