Sri Venkateswara University

Globally, in the existing situation, providing quality water without contamination to humans is one of the most challenging goals. In this perspective, the present report focuses on the fabrication and real-world application implementation of a flexible, simple and cost-effective electrochemically viable sensor based on a GCE (glassy carbon electrode) fine-tuned with an intertwined network of Ni-based metal–organic framework nanowires (Ni-MOF NWs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the real-time detection of environmental toxic heavy metal ions (Cd (II) and Pb (II)) in local tap water. At the outset, for the first time, Ni-MOF NWs were synthesized by the traditional hydrothermal method and their electrocatalytic activity was drastically improved by successfully intertwining with MWCNTs (Ni-MOF NWs/MWCNTs) via a simple ultrasonication process. The structural and morphological characterizations of Ni-MOF NWs/MWCNTs were analyzed by XRD, XPS, TEM and EDS with elemental color mapping. The electrochemical characterizations of the developed electrochemical sensors, like sensing activity and charge transfer capacity, were explored by CV (cyclic voltammetry) and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. The DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) technique was used to investigate the proposed electrode limit of detections (LODs), selectivity and real-time applicability towards the Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions detection. The simultaneous measurements of Cd (II) and Pb (II) were performed and the LODs were found to be as 0.017 and 0.011 µM, respectively, which were well below the drinking water quality guidelines of the WHO (World Health Organization), the Indian government and the U.S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Moreover, the proposed sensor exhibited remarkable repeatability, reproducibility and stability results. Our group further tried to apply the Ni-MOF NWs/MWCNTs/GCE towards the practical determination of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in local tap water and acquired agreeable recovery rates between 98.1 and 101.7%. Based on the adequate recovery results, the Ni-MOF NWs/MWCNTs/GCE can become a competent electrocatalyst in the near future to recognize the toxic levels of Cd (II) and Pb (II) at a reliable cost in drinking tap water samples in order to elude the health issues. Graphical abstract

The characteristics of visible light, including its sustainability, eco‐friendliness, and potential for renewable energy, have made visible light‐powered catalysis an intriguing research topic of great interest. In this case, photoredox catalysis uses a single‐electron transfer mechanism under mild reaction conditions to produce very reactive radical species with frequently unusual reactivities. This work is the most comprehensive review of photochemical methods for producing divergent heterocycles through multicomponent reactions, covering important developments since 2021. This review is structured according to the kind of synthesized heterocyclic scaffold. Additionally, different study findings’ scopes, limitations, and mechanistic studies are covered.

Herein, the significant impact of the spin‐coated Cr2O3 interface layer on the electrical properties and performance characteristics of Au/undoped‐InP (Au/InP) Schottky diodes (SD) is reported. The material characterization of spin‐coated Cr2O3 films using a wide variety of analytical techniques, namely, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, indicate the formation of hexagonal phase, nanocrystalline, and stoichiometric Cr2O3 on InP. Optical absorption measurements reveal a bandgap of ≈3.5 eV. In‐depth analyses and detailed measurements of current‐voltage (I–V) and capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) employed to assess the interface characteristics and electrical performance of the Au/InP (SD) versus Au/Cr2O3/InP (MIS) devices. Compared to SD, MIS revealed superior rectifying properties. Indicating that the Cr2O3 interface layer significantly influences the barrier height (ΦBH) of SD, the estimated ΦBH (0.64 eV (I–V)/0.86 eV (C‐V)) is higher than that of SD (0.57 eV (I–V)/0.67 eV (C‐V)). In addition, Cheungs and Nordes' methods are used to obtain the ΦBH, ideality factor (n), and series resistance (RS). The equivalent ΦBH values obtained from current–voltage, Cheungs, and Nordes methods demonstrate stability and dependability in addition to validating their superior characteristics of MIS devices. The interface state density (NSS) for MIS is lower than the SD's, indicating that the effectiveness of Cr2O3 layer significantly reduces NSS. Analyses to probe the mechanism demonstrate that, in SD and MIS, the Schottky emission controls the higher bias area, while the Poole‐Frenkel emission dominates the reverse conduction mechanism at the lower bias region. The present work convincingly demonstrates the potential application of the Cr2O3 interfacial layer in delivering the enhanced performance and contributes to the progression of electrical devices for emerging electronics and energy‐related applications.

This study aims to develop a sustainable blend of polymer films made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), doped with varying concentrations of Eu ³⁺ ions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt%), to explore their structural, optical, and photoluminescence (PL) properties for potential applications in lasers and display devices. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–visible‐NIR spectroscopy, and PL. The XRD patterns revealed a reduction in the semicrystalline structure with the introduction of Eu ³⁺ ions, indicating a disruption of the polymer matrix. FT‐IR analysis revealed the formation of a distinct band between PVA/PVP and Eu ³⁺ , confirming the successful ion doping. UV–Vis–NIR analysis provided insight into optical constants, such as the absorption coefficient, indirect energy gap, and refractive index. PL studies showed red fluorescence at 615 nm, corresponding to the ⁵ D 0 → ⁷ F 2 transition of the Eu ³⁺ ions. Additionally, the emission decay time slightly decreases with increasing Eu ³⁺ concentration. The optimal doping concentration of 0.3 wt% Eu ³⁺ ions in the PVA/PVP blend polymer films provides enhanced red fluorescence and is suitable for the development of laser and display applications.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theory about the role and impact of green marketing for organic product adoption among consumers in India, as well as to identify the factors that may affect consumers' purchasing decisions and the application of the implementation of this approach. The study aims to analyse different aspects of consumers, marketing strategies, and the overall market and operating environment in India from the theoretical context. The synthesis of multiple theoretical frameworks was useful in establishing a solid framework that gives a clear approach to how the green marketing concept impacts the adoption of organic products in India. The key findings of the study are that using websites and social media forums to disseminate green marketing information and reaching out to consumers using creative and interesting content, can further the cause of green marketing. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the extant literature on sustainable consumer behaviour and the part that marketing could play in the support of a sustainable organic products consumption agenda.

This study presents a sustainable one-pot synthesis of novel pyrazolyl phosphonate derivatives via a three-component reaction using 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one, aryl aldehydes and dibutyl phosphite, catalyzed by thiamine hydrochloride under solvent-free conditions. Two of these synthetic chemicals were chosen for in-depth density functional theory analysis due to their electron-donating (methoxy) and electron-withdrawing (nitro) groups, providing insights into their electronic properties, reactivity and stability through highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap calculations. Strong interactions with the active sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were found by molecular docking experiments. The compounds also exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in biological assays. Additionally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profiling suggested favourable bioavailability and low toxicity, demonstrating their medicinal potential in the creation of new drugs. Graphical abstract

Intending to design potent antimicrobial and anti oxidant agent from the source of benzimidazole‐1,2,3,4‐tetrazole combined heterocyclic derivatives, novel 2‐(4‐(2‐(5‐(4‐substituted phenyl)‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)‐ethoxy)‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]‐imidazole analogs were synthesized by condensation of o‐phenylene diamine with 4‐chlorophenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl‐ethoxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde as a key step in the presence of sodium meta‐bi‐sulphide. All newly synthesized compounds (6a‐j) were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT‐IR spectral analysis. Molecules 6d and 6f exhibited promising antimicrobial and antioxidant and these were found to be the most potent activity molecules when compared with that of standard drugs. Additionally, the molecular docking studies of these molecules were performed and experimented for molecular dynamics.

The electrical properties of Au/methylene blue (MB)/n-Ge heterostructure were investigated in a wide temperature range from 125 to 400 K. The device parameters such as barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance were determined using the thermionic emission (TE) model and Cheung’s method. The barrier height (Φb) and ideality factor (n) values of the Schottky contact were determined from the current–voltage (I–V) measurements and found to be 0.29 eV and 2.71 at 125 K and 0.93 eV and 1.04 at 400 K, respectively. In the presence of inhomogeneity at the metal–semiconductor contact, the barrier height was found to be decreased and the ideality factor increased with the decrease of temperature. From Cheung’s plot, the series resistance (Rs) was found to be reduced with the increase in temperature. Barrier inhomogeneity has been elucidated using the thermionic emission theory based on the assumption of Gaussian distribution of barrier heights. However, the divergence in Schottky barrier heights of Au/MB/n-Ge heterostructure evaluated from I–V measurements indicates deviation from the TE theory. The conventional Richardson plot between ln(Io/T²) vs. 1000/T gives an activation energy of 0.31 eV and Richardson constant (A*) of 1.14 × 10–9 Acm⁻² K⁻². The modified Richardson plot evaluated by assuming the Gaussian distribution of Φb shows an enhanced activation energy of 1.15 eV and A* of 209.28 Acm⁻² K⁻² which is close to the theoretical value of n-Ge. Current conduction mechanisms of the Au/MB/n-Ge contact in a wide temperature range are resolved into four linear regions (Region-I to Region-IV) with different slope factors. This shows that the interfacial layer (MB) significantly influences the electrical properties of the Au/n-Ge contacts measured in a wide temperature range. The interface state density distribution over the energy below the conduction band of the n-Ge is also studied in the temperature range from 125 to 400 K.

About Abstract A series of thiazole-piperazine sulfonamide hybrids (8a-k) were synthesized, characterized and subsequently tested on Alzheimer's disease (AD) targets, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the ABTS radical, to assess their effectiveness. Three of the target analogues 8c, 8e and 8g exhibited augmented inhibition on AChE with IC50 values of 2.52±0.92, 2.99±0.01 and 2.14±0.02 µM, respectively. These analogues also showed strong inhibition selectivity against AChE over BChE. Furthermore, the congeners 8d, 8f, 8h and 8i had remarkable ABTS radical scavenging properties as their IC50 values were in the range of 0.05±0.07 to 0.99±0.12 µM. A study of the kinetics of inhibition of AChE for active analogue 8g revealed a mixed type of inhibition. From the molecular docking experiments, it was clear that the compounds 8c, 8e and 8g were placed optimally within the active site of AChE. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of these docked complexes indicated that the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of the complexes stabilized below 4 Å. Furthermore, in silico ADMET prediction studies revealed that the targeted analogs satisfied all the characteristics of CNS acting drugs. Finally, these active compounds are determined to be non-toxic and highly neuroprotective against H2O2-induced cell death in SK-N-SH cell lines.

During the March equinox of 2023, a strong easterly wind of ∼80 m s⁻¹ appeared at an altitude of ∼82 km in the equatorial upper mesosphere, which is regarded as an enhancement of the mesopause semi‐annual oscillation. In this study, a new reanalysis data available up to 110 km was used to investigate its momentum budget. The strong easterly acceleration was due to a similar contribution from resolved waves and parameterized gravity waves, but largely counteracted by an upward advection of westerly momentum. The significant anomaly in the mean winds was not restricted to the 82 km height, but also included strong westerly winds (∼50 m s⁻¹) at 65 km and easterly winds (∼40 m s⁻¹) at 42 km. The stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation was westerly. The mean wind intensification at each height is explained by the acceleration due to upward propagating waves, which do not suffer from critical filtering below.

Management education need more focus purposiveness and directiveness in India. The top management and faculty members are having differential focus towards this elite program which has had global laurels. IIM and IIT have created their own brands and student engagement has been very high towards profits and entrepreneurship. The management education students are having a modified perspective on this MBA program towards purposive social engagement and entrepreneurship. This study was conducted among management education students on an all India basis. Data was collected from numerous students pursuing post graduate management and under graduate program in various institutions. Data was analysed using SPSS as demographic, hypothesis and objective based analysis was done. Cross tabulation, ranking, Anova and factor analysis was also done and an SEM model has been given as the output of this study. It was found from this study that management students had social entrepreneurship engagement as their career choice and they needed guidance on starting of these ventures. These students did not have work experience nor did they have networking with social entrepreneurs. Industry academia interface and entrepreneurial incubator research divisions has to be established in management institutions across South India. This would create a new breed of entrepreneurs who are socially conscious as they can make socio economic contributions in India. The Indian government must take in to cognizance of these mental and attitudinal changes in Management students and support them in all means by creating program suitable for new age requirement.

The synthesis of Cd0.5Zn0.5S/PVP and Crx: Cd0.5-xZn0.5S/PVP(x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) nanoparticles were carried out using a chemical co-precipitation reaction using homogeneous solutions of cadmium, zinc and chromium salts. The impact of Cr doping on the morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of nanoparticles was investigated in this study. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) have been utilized to examine the structural, optical, and morphological properties of elements. EDAX analysis verified the existence of chromium (Cr) within the cadmium zinc sulphide (CdZnS) crystal structure. The XRD analysis revealed that the Cr doped CdZnS nanoparticles exhibited crystallization in the zincblende structure, with a predominant orientation along the (1 1 1) plane. The nanoparticles have an average size ranging from 3 to 6 nm. The particle size determined from the SEM images corresponded with the findings from the XRD analysis. The DRS revealed that the increase in Cr concentration caused a shift of the absorption edge towards lower wavelengths. The bandgap energy estimates ranged from 3.85 to 4.05 eV. The blueshift is caused by the quantum confinement phenomenon.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic involvement, inflammation , and the destruction of synovial joints. RA can be categorized as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies-positive or negative based on genetic risk factors and autoantibodies. This review systematically sourced articles related to RA, phytocompounds, signaling pathways, and clinical insights from primary medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. This review explores the therapeutic potential of phytocompounds in treating RA by targeting key inflammation and immunological response signaling pathways. Phytocompounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, and flavonoids alter essential molecular pathways in RA pathophysiology, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, mitogen-activated protein kinases, janus ki-nase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, and the inflammasome. These substances possess pro-resolving, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties, which enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Alternative medicine , including dietary, herbal, and nutritional supplements, may help reduce RA symptoms. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these treatments. Phytocompounds have potential as a treatment for RA by altering signaling pathways, reducing oxidative stress, and protecting cartilage and bone. However, few clinical trials confirm its long-term safety, bioavailability, and effectiveness. Further clinical trials and translational research are needed to validate the effectiveness, safety, and pharmacokinetics of phytocompounds, while identifying novel plant-derived bioactive chemicals could improve patient outcomes.

This paper aims to investigate how human resource development (HRD) Initiatives influence employee performance in selected IT Companies in Hyderabad. An integrated research model was crafted by synthesizing key factors from existing literature. Data was gathered via a questionnaire administered to 500 employees from selected IT Companies in which only 350 respondents reverted back with full required information corresponding to a response rate of 70 percent. The model's validity and hypotheses were evaluated using structural equation modeling, while the reliability and validity of the dimensions were verified through confirmatory factor analysis. The study indicates that specific HRD initiatives have a significant effect on employee performance. The research focuses solely on the selected IT companies and uses cross-sectional data, which might not be applicable to other sectors or more extensive contexts. The results provide valuable insights for stakeholders, policymakers, and HR Managers on implementing effective HRD practices to enhance employee competencies and improve organizational performance.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) exhibit significant global public health challenges due to the lack of effective treatments. Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid compound in various plants, has been recognized for its potential neuroprotective properties. This review explores the current understanding of BBR's mechanisms of action and its therapeutic potential in preventing and treating NDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. BBR's neuroprotective properties are attributed to its multifaceted actions, including anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neurotrophic effects. In addition, BBR can influence many signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration, including AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor pathways. Furthermore, BBR targets vital signaling pathways, including AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK, which are essential for developing NDs. In addition, BBR's efficacy in reducing neurodegenerative pathology and improving cognitive function has been demonstrated through preclinical studies using cellular and animal models. Clinical trials demonstrating BBR's therapeutic potential in NDs have yielded promising results, but further research is needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in humans.

In the era of exponential data growth, selecting the appropriate distributed computing framework is crucial for efficient big data processing. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of two prominent frameworks: Message Passing Interface (MPI) with Python and Apache Spark. Through extensive benchmarking and analysis, we evaluate these frame-works across multiple dimensions including performance characteristics, programming models, fault tolerance, and scalability. Our findings indicate that MPI consistently outperforms Spark by 2-10x in compute-intensive tasks, while Spark offers superior developer productivity and built-in fault tolerance. This research provides quantitative insights for framework selection based on specific big data processing requirements.