Southwest Minnesota State University

The Strong Black Woman schema is a deeply ingrained sociocultural construct that promotes resilience, independence, and self‐sacrifice among Black women. While often seen as a source of strength, this schema also imposes profound psychological and professional burdens, particularly in nursing leadership, where Black women are expected to navigate systemic inequities while demonstrating unwavering fortitude. This paper critically examines the paradox of the Strong Black Woman schema within nursing, arguing that the same resilience that empowers Black women also contributes to emotional suppression, burnout, and systemic barriers to advancement. Drawing from interdisciplinary literature, we explore how the nursing profession's culture of caregiving and self‐sacrifice reinforces this schema, perpetuating racialized and gendered expectations that limit Black women's capacity to seek support and express vulnerability. Integrating Cheryl Woods‐Giscombé's Superwoman Schema, we demonstrate how the psychological and physiological consequences of this paradigm impact Black nurses' well‐being and leadership trajectories. We advocate for a redefinition of strength that embraces vulnerability as a leadership asset and calls for systemic changes in nursing education and practice. By shifting the discourse from mere endurance to a more inclusive and humanizing leadership framework, we challenge the dominant narratives that empower and constrain Black women in nursing.

Aim Explore state school nurse consultants' pivotal position during the COVID‐19 pandemic to shape school policy and support frontline school nurses. Design An inductive qualitative study. Methods Members of the National Association of State School Nurse Consultants in the United States participated in focus groups and a written survey from January to April 2023. Standard content analysis was used to identify patterns and themes. COREQ guidelines were followed. Results Data from 14 participants revealed 5 themes and 29 subthemes: State School Nurse Consultants walk in two worlds, bridging health and education. They built collaboration and trust and functioned as interpreters and gatekeepers. State consultants were resources, advocates and supports for school nurses. They witnessed and experienced trauma. State consultants defined lessons learned and described how their national organisation supported them. Few sources describe state consultants' role from 2000 to 2022; therefore, this study fills a gap. Conclusion State consultants advocated for school nurses, students and school staff, whose needs were not well understood by public health or education leaders. Implications for Policy/Practice School nurses' workload increases exponentially in the absence of state consultants who provide resources to deliver effective and efficient school health services. Impact Policy leaders should recognise state school nurse consultants' intersectionality which strengthens the public health infrastructure, critical to meeting current and emerging public health challenges. Contribution to the Clinical Community System‐wide leadership at regional, state and national levels provides consistency in policy and programmes, reduces duplication of effort and potential error and ensures school nurses benefit from shared resources, problem‐solving and support. Patient or Public Contribution National Association of State School Nurse Consultants leaders instigated the study and approved the design and open‐ended questions. Preliminary findings were shared with members at a national online meeting and feedback affirmed that the results resonated with their experiences.

Small-angle neutron scattering, dielectric spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis data are reported for composites of isotactic polypropylene (IPP) with graphene nanoparticles (GNP) and nanographite. In various samples, the volume of the IPP matrix with a high degree of crystallinity contains GNP with concentrations of 0.7 and 1.8 wt% and nanographite with concentrations of 1.5 and 3.6 wt%. For these composite systems, we applied a model of the evolution of linear disclination defects, which determines the morphology of nanosized aggregates of GNP and nanographite formed in the IPP volume. Using the theory of micropolar elasticity, or the Cosserat theory (Cosserat, Cosserat) with the fracton mechanism of the first type, correlated with the evolution of disclinations, we performed numerical estimates of the temperature and concentration dependencies of the elasticity and thermodynamic characteristics in the framework of the Monte Carlo algorithm on a dual lattice in the basis of lattice defects.

Biomass production in the lowland wet tropical forest is greater than in any other biome, and it is typically limited by soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, the mechanisms involved in the P cycle remain poorly represented in Earth System Models (ESMs). Soil P sorption processes are key in the P cycle and for understanding the extent of P limitation for plant productivity. Currently, a few ESMs include isotherm equations to model these processes. Although the Langmuir equation is widely cited, other isotherm equations may better describe sorption in tropical soils. Here, we use a diverse range of soil samples from Puerto Rico to test the validity of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin equation. We found that across four soil orders (Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Ultisols), and forested and cultivated land use types, the Freundlich equation best represented soil P sorption. Furthermore, the Langmuir and the Temkin equations poorly represent soil P adsorption, especially at low P concentrations. Specifically, the Langmuir equation underestimated soil P adsorption by 40% and the Temkin equation overestimated adsorption by 76%. We also found, as expected, that soil clay content and pH were the most important parameters explaining the variability of the Freundlich (Kf) constant. Greater clay content and lower pH, common in highly weathered Ultisols and Oxisols which are abundant in the tropics, led to greater Kf values. Overall, our results suggest that a diversity of soils can prompt underestimation of P sorption when using the Langmuir isotherm, which leads to an overestimation of available P that can have repercussions on ESM predictions of the P cycle and tropical forest productivity.

With the growth of neuroscience research, new neuroscience and society (NeuroX) fields like neuroethics, neurolaw, neuroarchitecture, neuroeconomics, and many more have emerged. In this article we report on lessons learned about mentoring students in the interdisciplinary space of neuroscience and society. We draw on our experiences with the recently launched Dana Foundation Career Network in Neuroscience & Society. This resource supports educators and practitioners mentoring students aiming to apply neuroscience in diverse fields beyond medicine and biomedical science. Through our programming, we identified three key lessons: (1) students are interested in exploring a wide range of neuroscience and society intersections; (2) outreach to underserved institutions generates avenues for students to join NeuroX conversations; and (3) by offering free access to online NeuroX resources and a network of subject-matter experts, the Career Network joins many partners helping to bridge the gap between neuroscience and society.

High-grade B-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (HGBCL, NOS) has overlapping morphological and genetic features with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), leading to uncertainty in its diagnosis and clinical management. Using functional genomic approaches, we previously characterized HGBCL and NOS, that demonstrate gene expression profiling (GEP), and genetic signatures similar to BL. Herein, we characterize distinct HGBCL, NOS, cohort (n = 55) in adults (n = 45) and in children (n = 10), and compared the GEP, genomic DNA copy number (CN), and Waseem Lone, Alyssa Bouska, and Tyler A. Herek equally contributed to the work.

The relevance of the article is determined by the study of the status of the payer of the tax on professional income - the subject of the application of a special tax regime. The analysis of the status of a legal entity involves: its characteristics in the field of civil, tax and other legal relations; the specifics of its payment of insurance premiums, participation in state and municipal procurement, procurement of certain types of legal entities; identification of law enforcement problems and analysis of development prospects. The purpose is to identify potential opportunities for realizing the status of a payer of professional income tax at the present stage. Metodology . The methodological basis of the study is a combination of general scientific and special legal research methods, the use of which will ensure a logically consistent and systematic study of the legal status of a taxpayer of professional income tax. Results . The study revealed: features of registration of professional income tax payers, their payment of tax, insurance premiums, participation in state (municipal) procurement, as well as other elements of status; distinguishing features of the legal status of professional income tax payers and individual entrepreneurs. Conclusions . With the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law "On Protection of Competition", the legal status of the taxpayer of the professional income tax was institutionalized, legalized as an economic entity, which made it possible for them to receive subsidies, provide other measures of state support, and participate more actively in state (municipal) procurement. It has been proven that engaging in certain types of activities and concluding a social contract are directly related to the acquisition of official status, including the status of an economic entity

Diabetic retinopathy and senile cataracts cause not only a significant impairment of visual functions, but also can affect the psychological and emotional status of patients and their age-related viability, which has not been practically studied in patients with the abovementioned ophthalmological diseases. The purpose : to study age–related viability in patients with ophthalmopathology depending on age dissociation. Age viability was studied among 135 patients aged 60–74 years with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with coincidence of calendar and biological age and 142 patients aged 60–74 years with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with accelerated biological age. It was found that diabetic retinopathy and cataract cause a more significant decrease in age viability in patients with an excess of the biological age of the chronological age to 60,1 ± 1,7 points versus 76,4 ± 1,5 points (p < 0,001) in diabetic retinopathy and cataract with the coincidence of biological and calendar age. A similar effect was found for the somatic component of age-related viability, which in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract with an excess of the biological age of the chronological value was 4,2 ± 0,5 points relative to 2,2 ± 0,4 points (p < 0,01) in patients with diabetic retinopathy and cataract, who had a coincidence of biological and calendar age. Diabetic retinopathy and cataracts are most affected when the biological age of the calendar value is exceeded among the subdomains of age viability, such as relationship security and positivity of accepted changes, resistance to adverse influences and trust in personal instincts with a significant difference between groups. Diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in patients with exceeding the biological age of the calendar significantly reduce age viability.

Age-associated glaucoma and cataracts in combination with sarcopenic obesity, formed mainly against the background of physical inactivity due to vision deficiency, potentially contribute to a decrease in patients’ activity in everyday life, but the latter has not been studied practically by special tests that take into account visual impairment. The purpose: to study the peculiarities of the effect of cataracts and primary glaucoma on the daily activities of patients with sarcopenic obesity. 125 patients aged 60–74 years with sarcopenic obesity and stage 2 mixed cataract, 138 patients of the same age with sarcopenic obesity and stage 2 primary glaucoma were examined in clinical conditions. The diagnosis of glaucoma and cataracts was performed based on the results of a comprehensive clinical and hardware examination of patients and in accordance with the criteria of the National Guidelines. Sarcopenia was detected using the European working group on sarcopenia in older people scale, and obesity was measured by a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. The assessment of activities in everyday life was carried out according to a specific test developed by us. A more significant effect of cataracts combined with sarcopenic obesity, causing complete dependence on others (12.18 points) in daily life activities, was found than the effect of glaucoma combined with sarcopenic obesity, causing moderate dependence — 10.18 points (p < 0.01). Patients of the compared groups also have statistically significant differences in all types of activities in everyday life, including threading a needle and cutting nails, which cause the greatest dependence on outside help in their performance. In particular, restrictions on threading a needle in patients with cataracts and sarcopenic obesity have 1.84 ± 0.03 points, which is significantly higher than in patients with glaucoma and sarcopenic obesity (p < 0.01). A similar pattern has been established for nail clipping, the limits for which are 1.75 ± 0.03 points and 1.43 ± 0.04 points, respectively. However, the following ranking places of the considered limitations of activity in everyday life differ statistically significant and in the third position of patients with cataract and sarcopenic obesity is independent writing of the text (1.68 ± 0.04 points), and in patients with glaucoma and sarcopenic obesity — reading of the text — 1.38 ± 0.03 points (p < 0.01). The fourth rank also differs when in patients with cataracts and sarcopenic obesity it corresponds to reading the text (1.53 ± 0.04 points), and in patients with glaucoma and sarcopenic obesity — writing the text — 1.32 ± 0.02 points (p < 0.01). The revealed features of the effect of glaucoma and cataracts combined with sarcopenic obesity should be used by ophthalmologists when forming recommendations on the behavior of patients in everyday life.

The development of diabetic retinopathy is associated with the levels of melatonin, dehydroepiandrosterone and some other stress-limiting hormones, however, the circadian biorhythms of the latter were practically not analyzed in patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose: to study circadian biorhythms of stress-stimulating hormones in elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity. The study included an analysis of daily fluctuations of stresslimiting hormones in the morning and evening urine portions of 136 elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity and 125 patients of the same age with diabetic retinopathy without sarcopenic obesity. It was revealed that in patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity, the content of all studied hormones, especially dehydroepiandrosterone (376,8 ± 5,2 mcg) and dopamine (323,8 ± 3,7 mcg), was statistically significantly lower compared to patients with diabetic retinopathy without sarcopenic obesity — 485,1 ± 6,3 mcg and 397,2 ± 5,4 mcg, respectively. Desynchronization of daily biorhythms in patients with diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity is expressed in a decrease in the content of cortisol in the morning and evening hours to 81,7 ± 2,2 mcg and 63,5 ± 2,5 mcg, melatonin to 8,4 ± 0,6 mcg and 19,5 ± 1,7 mcg, adrenaline to 10,9 ± 0,8 mcg and 4,2 ± 0,4 mcg, respectively. The gradient of changes in morning hormone values significantly (p < 0,001) exceeds that in the evening hours, amounting to –221,1 and –137,7, respectively, which indicates a decrease in the amplitude of daily fluctuations in circadian biorhythms of stress-limiting hormones among elderly patients with diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity, and the participation of desynchronization of the daily biorhythms of the hormones under discussion in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy combined with sarcopenic obesity. Circadian biorhythms of stress-limiting hormones are recommended to be taken into account in case of combined diabetic retinopathy and sarcopenic obesity.

The Minnesota State University, Mankato Collection Management Technology team presented a collection analysis and data visualization solution called the Collections Power BI (CPBI). Pat Lienemann provided an overview of the CPBI and a live demonstration. Nat Gustafson-Sundell discussed the development of the CPBI and aspects of the implementation. Evan Rusch described four example use cases for the CPBI and outlined future directions for development.

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) is one of the most challenging invasive aquatic plant species in Minnesota. Eurasian watermilfoil has hybridized with the native Northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum), creating a more complex issue when it comes to invasions. The hybridization of watermilfoil has increased difficulty for management and an underlying biological mechanism explaining this difficulty has yet to be determined. We compared the photosynthetic temperature response of the parental Northern and Eurasian parental genotypes to five hybrid watermilfoils using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometry to determine if there are intrinsic physiological differences in photosynthesis between genotypes. We examined both the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and light-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transfer (ΦPSII) every 5 °C from 0 to 45 °C representing sub- to supraoptimal water temperatures. On average, hybrids had 6% and 8% higher Fv/Fm and ΦPSII values respectively, than parental genotypes across all temperatures. In both parental and hybrid genotypes Fv/Fm values were consistent from 0 to 35 °C and declined 36% as water temperature approached 45 °C. Optimal water temperature for ΦPSII was between 25-35 °C and hybrids had 17% higher values for suboptimal temperatures between 5-15 °C. Our findings indicate that although the many strains of watermilfoil are morphologically similar, they differ in their photosynthetic capacity and may indicate heterosis. Innate differences between parental strains and hybrids could impact overall primary productivity, life history characteristics, and overall invasiveness. These factors could also be contributing to the documented management failures seen in field populations.

A major challenge to implementing effective soil health assessments is how to distinguish the effects of management from underlying soil variability driven by inherent soil properties. This challenge has important consequences for the use of soil health indicators as tools for monitoring and assessment because soil‐forming factors constrain the range of indicator values and the magnitude of management‐induced changes. Here, we present results from a statewide survey of 15 soil health indicators measured on 30 fields on commercial farms across four major land resource areas in Minnesota. Fields included in the study differed in tillage, cover crop implementation, and crop rotation. Within each field, we collected samples from upper and lower hillslope positions to quantify the effect of topography. We consistently detected differences in soil health indicators between regions (13/15 indicators) and hillslope positions (8/15 indicators). However, only wet aggregate stability was sensitive to management across regions and years, highlighting the importance of physical indicators of soil health. This result was surprising in light of existing literature supporting the sensitivity of many soil health indicators to management, but it is consistent with other studies conducted in high organic matter soils in the Upper US Midwest. Our results highlight the need for regionally representative datasets to guide the development of interpretations and benchmarks for soil health indicators. This is particularly important when soil health indicators are applied outside traditional research contexts (such as in commercial soil health testing), where interpretation must take place without the benefit of historical baseline data.

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 549, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454900001