Sonora Institute of Technology

Background: The study of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren is crucial for preventing future chronic diseases and improving long-term health, particularly in vulnerable communities. The Yaqui indigenous community is undergoing a transition from a traditional lifestyle to a more modern lifestyle, facing an increased risk of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Yaqui schoolchildren (aged 5-11 years) and to identify determinants associated with BMI Z-scores. Methods: A cross-sectional study using probabilistic, multistage, and stratified sampling was conducted. Measurements of weight, height, and waist circumference were taken in schoolchildren. Likewise, the mother's weight and height were recorded. Additionally, questionnaires were administered to assess physical activity, screen time, diet, pediatric clinical history, sociodemographic characteristics, food insecurity, and social support programs. Results: In total, 509 schoolchildren, representing 2,779 Yaqui schoolchildren, were evaluated. The prevalence of overweight was 20.7%, obesity 14.9%, and abdominal obesity 21.1%. The factors positively associated with BMI Z-scores included higher maternal BMI, greater birth weight, increased screen time, and higher energy intake. In contrast, the food insecurity score was negatively associated with elevated BMI-for-age Z-scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Yaqui schoolchildren was higher than that reported in similar populations. The determinants identified in this study should be considered when designing effective intervention strategies to reduce the prevalence and its consequences at early ages in this indigenous group.

In this research, we conduct a quantitative evaluation of the field intensity associated with surface plasmons (SP). This evaluation is carried out by comparing the analytical case of a plane wave applied to the Kretschmann and Otto configurations with the case of a spatially finite source. In the latter, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed within the aforementioned geometries. Additionally, a simulated dielectric-graphene structure is introduced in the Kretschmann configuration with the aim of enhancing the amplification and reflection properties of the magnetic field. Furthermore, the metal layer width is reduced in both configurations to determine the optimal excitation and concentration of energy at the surface. The results show that, in all cases, there exists an optimal metal or dielectric-graphene width that yields the maximum magnetic field amplitude.

This paper presents sufficient delay-dependent conditions for stability analysis and stabilization of nonlinear time-varying delay systems represented by a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) model. These conditions are reached by employing a non-quadratic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (NQLKF), considering a double integral term. The structure of the proposed NQLKF avoids the problem of handling the time derivatives of the membership functions that appear when fuzzy terms are considered in the functional. Also, two different integral inequalities are used to estimate the time derivative of the proposed NQLKF. Then, more relaxed conditions for stability and stabilization in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are established. Some examples illustrate the proposed approaches’ effectiveness and applicability over previous results.

The psychometric properties of the Reward Probability Index (RPI), which assesses environmental reward as an indirect measure of response-contingent positive reinforcement (RCPR), were estimated in a Mexican population. With the voluntary participation of 1297 adults, reliability was assessed, and evidence was collected regarding the internal structure and its relationship with emotional symptomatology and other variables. Good internal consistency indices (ω and α) were found for both the total scale and its dimensions. A two-dimensional structure, comprising Reward Probability and Environmental Suppressors, and a second-order factor consistent with RCPR theory, was confirmed. This model demonstrated measurement invariance across sex, mental health treatment status, and the presence or absence of emotional symptomatology. Consistent relationships were observed between RPI scores and emotional symptomatology, psychological inflexibility, and life satisfaction. Additionally, evidence was found supporting the criterion validity of the RPI in relation to depression.

Parenting-related factors are associated with adolescents’ online behaviors. However, the relationship between parenting and digital citizenship behaviors in adolescents and the variables underlying these relations must be clarified. This study examined the relationship between parental warmth, autonomy support, and provision of structure with digital citizenship behaviors. Additionally, whether adolescents’ appraisal of parental practices and media disclosure mediate these relationships. The study included 709 Mexican adolescents aged 11–18 (52% female) who completed self-report questionnaires. The analysis using latent structural equation modeling found that both parental warmth and autonomy support were positively associated with digital citizenship behaviors, while parental structure provision did not show a significant relationship. The study also revealed that adolescents’ positive appraisal of parental practices and media disclosure mediate the relationships between parental practices and digital citizenship behaviors separately and sequentially. These findings indicate that parental warmth, autonomy support, and structure provision may enhance digital citizenship behaviors in adolescents through positive appraisal of parenting and media disclosure.

Entrepreneurship has gained global relevance due to its impact on economic and social development. This study focuses on the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students, specifically self-efficacy and creativity barriers, considering the context of higher education at the Technological Institute of Sonora (ITSON). A quantitative approach was used with a sample of 868 students, who answered an instrument designed to measure key variables. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to validate the hypotheses raised. The results demonstrate that self-efficacy is a crucial factor in fostering entrepreneurial intention, reflecting its ability to motivate and strengthen students' confidence in their entrepreneurial abilities. On the other hand, creativity barriers, both internal and external, have a significant negative impact on intentions. Among the barriers highlighted are lack of confidence, fear of failure, and lack of specific skills, which limits students' ability to develop entrepreneurial projects. Highlighting the importance of promoting educational strategies that strengthen self-efficacy and reduce creative barriers in university students. Fostering an entrepreneurial culture within education can not only increase entrepreneurial intention, but also contribute to the development of innovative projects that boost the economy and generate significant social benefits.

The rapid growth of the human population has significantly increased the demand for food, leading to the intensification of agricultural practices that negatively impact the environment. Climate change poses a significant threat to global food production, as it can disrupt crop yields and modify the lifecycle stages of phytopathogens and pests. To address these challenges, the use of microbial inoculants, which are bioproducts containing beneficial microorganisms known as plant growth promotion microorganisms (PGPMs), has emerged as an innovative approach in sustainable agriculture. This review covers the isolation and identification of beneficial strains, the screening and selection process, the optimization of production techniques, and the importance of quality control and field testing. It also discusses the key points for the development and formulation of high-quality microbial inoculants, as well as highlights their advancements, current challenges, and future directions for research and application.

To increase diversity in computing, international conferences must support the accessibility needs of a diverse global population of researchers and practitioners.

Protecting sensitive data, such as data collected from sensors, is crucial for ensuring the accurate assessment of sensing devices and preventing unauthorized access. In this regard, Internet of Things (IoT) devices offer a promising alternative for in situ monitoring. However, IoT sensing devices are often constrained by limited processing power and memory. Therefore, lightweight and efficient security algorithms are essential. This review paper assesses the implementation of lightweight cryptographic algorithms for power-constrained microcontrollers in IoT systems using symmetric cryptography. The implemented algorithms analyze the resource constraints of the IoT devices and compare their performance for the efficient implementation of secure monitoring systems. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of various lightweight encryption algorithms on low-power microcontrollers. The analysis reveals the comparative performance of these algorithms in terms of average power and energy consumption, memory usage, latency, and throughput.

Typically, in electrical microgrids (MG), the grid-forming type converter (GFRTC) includes a battery pack at its DC bus; thus, the GFRTC is modelled as a voltage source. In contrast with papers reported in recent literature, where the GFRTC with a battery pack is seen as a voltage source, this work proposes a GFRTC which can be used without a battery pack; with this, the GFRTC operates as a smart load to form the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC); this is possible, as long as the smart load is supported by a grid-following type converter (GFLTC). This battery-less GFRTC proposal ensures a suitable operation of the isolated MG under linear and nonlinear load conditions. Also, this work proposes a control strategy for both GFRTC and GFLTC with a photovoltaic array. The test results showed that the control proposal allows to form a correct PCC voltage, ensuring a suitable operation of the isolated MG; this while the battery pack is: connected, disconnected, and reconnected to the GFRTC DC bus. This GFRTC proposal is very attractive for isolated MGs where the GFRTC battery pack must be replaced or reconfigured because of new demand profiles, without interrupting the isolated MG operation.

In social foraging situations, some group members actively engage in behaviors associated with searching for patch zones (produce), while others join previously discovered patch zones (scrounge). Pavlovian conditioning enables individuals to anticipate a biologically significant event or unconditioned stimulus, such as resource availability, when paired with another event, such as a blue light, also known as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Considering that individuals’ prior experiences with habitat features may influence their preference for producer or scrounger responses, this study aims to assess the impact of resource-associated signals on the group produce index. Specifically, the study seeks to (a) outline a setup for goldfish (Carassius auratus) incorporating renewable patch zones, (b) evaluate the CS’s effect on the proportion of producers, and (c) develop an agent-based model capturing the CS’s effect on the proportion of producers. Eight goldfish were used, with half undergoing a delayed Pavlovian acquisition protocol. Pavlovian-trained and control fish were assessed under signal and nonsignal conditions. The findings reveal that the producer index in the signal condition was higher for the Pavlovian group than the control group. To simulate conditions to those observed in fish, we developed an agent-based model where Pavlovian agents oriented themselves toward the nearest patch zone when the CS was present. The results mirrored those observed in fish, indicating an advantage derived from preexposure to the CS. This study contributes to the investigation of individual disparities and the impact of learning within the framework of the producer–scrounger game.

Nowadays, organizations must comply with high-quality standards, health and safety regulations, and socially sustainable practices to succeed in a globalized world. Supply Chains (SC) enable them to satisfy their customers' needs for quality products just in time and at the best price. However, management systems (MS) need to be improved to identify, evaluate, and control ergonomic risks, which opens a research opportunity for Ergonomics Management Systems (EMS) as they apply to sustainable SCs. This study aims to design and validate an instrument to assess the EMS within a SC using a continuous improvement approach. The study used convenience sampling as experts were invited by e-mail, at congresses, and through a digital platform. A response rate of 6.2 % was obtained from the latter, and a total of 34 experts responded to the instrument. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were also carried out for the constructs of PLAN, DO, CHECK, and ACT. Finally, factors and variables were reduced by 42.71 %, leaving a 46-item final version of the instrument. Most of the structural model fit indices for the sample demonstrated good values, and the reliability indices were acceptable, this confirming the overall reliability of the instrument. In conclusion, the instrument was validated for all proposed constructs, with the exception of the PLAN construct. Thus, the instrument was found to be relevant and fit for implementation in EMS.

In this study, we modulate the effective cut-off frequency on the basis of computer simulations of a multilayer dielectric system by increasing the number of layers of the 2D material (graphene or phosphorene) and reducing the thickness of the dielectric, thereby enhancing the frequency. Additionally, another method to modulate the aforementioned effective frequency, $\boldsymbol{\omega _{p,eff}}$, is by varying the Fermi energy of both 2D materials. Expressions were derived to approximate the dielectric thickness required to estimate the frequency at which the effective $\boldsymbol{\omega _p}$ occurs, all under normal incidence. Furthermore, we investigated long-range surface plasmons in the Sarid et al. structure (substrate-glass-metal-glass-air) using both graphene and phosphorene. By introducing the 2D material, an additional Lorentzian was obtained with graphene, even with high intensity, whereas phosphorene produced only a slight increase in field amplification. The tunneling of the Lorentzians by modifying the Fermi energy was moderate for both materials. The modulation of the effective frequency and the acquisition of an additional Lorentzian hold potential for the design of sensors and optoelectronic devices.

Bacillus cereus group produces diverse antimicrobial compounds through different metabolic pathways, including amino acid‐based compounds, sugar derivatives, volatile and miscellaneous compounds. These antimicrobial compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against various plant pathogens, promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. They also exhibit nematicidal activities against plant nematodes and antagonistic effects against pathogens in aquatic animals, promoting growth and inducing immune responses. Moreover, B. cereus group bacteria play a significant role in bioremediation by breaking down or neutralizing environmental pollutants, such as plastics, petroleum products, heavy metals, and insecticides. They produce enzymes like laccases, lipases, proteases, and various oxidases, contributing to the degradation of these pollutants. In the food industry, they can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins. However, they are also utilized in various industrial applications, such as producing environmentally friendly bio‐based materials, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles. Notably, B. cereus transforms selenite into selenium nanoparticles, which have health benefits, including cancer prevention. In summary, B. cereus group bacteria have diverse applications in agriculture, bioremediation, industry, and medicine, contributing to sustainable and eco‐friendly solutions across multiple fields. In this review, we have revised B. cereus group and the characteristics of every species; we have also highlighted the more important compounds secreted by the species of B. cereus group and the applications of these compounds. The aim is to explain the available secondary metabolites to classify the species from this group, increasing the knowledge about taxonomy of this group.

As aquaculture production grows, so does the demand for quality and cost-effective protein sources. The cost of fishmeal (FM) has increased over the years, leading to increased production costs for formulated aquafeed. Soybean meal (SBM) is commonly used as an FM replacer in aquafeed, but anti-nutritional factors could affect the growth, nutrition, and health of aquatic organisms. Cricket meal (CM) is an alternative source with a nutrient profile comparable to FM due to its high protein content, digestibility, and amino acid profile. CM use in aquafeed influences growth and reproductive performance while modulating the gut microbiota and immune response of fish and shrimp. However, consistent regulation and scaling up are necessary for competitive prices and the marketing of CM. Moreover, the chitin content in CM could be an issue in some fish species; however, different strategies based on food biotechnology can improve the protein quality for its safe use in aquafeed.

Nowadays, wind turbines are one of the most popular devices for producing clean and renewable electric energy. The rotor blades catch the wind’s kinetic energy to produce rotational energy from the turbine and electric energy from the generator. In small-scale wind turbines, there are several methods to operate the blades to obtain the desired speed of rotation and power outputs. These methods include passive stall, active stall, and pitch control. Pitch control sets the angular position of the blades to face the wind to achieve a predefined relationship between turbine speed or power and wind velocity. Typically, conventional Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are used to set the angular position of the rotor blades or pitch angle. Nevertheless, the quality of speed or power regulation may vary substantially. This study introduces a rotor speed controller for a pitch-controlled small-scale wind turbine prototype based on fuzzy logic concepts. The basics of fuzzy systems required to implement this kind of controller are presented in detail to counteract the lack of such material in the technical literature. The knowledge base of the fuzzy speed controller is composed of Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy inference rules that implement a dedicated PI controller for any desired interval of wind velocities. Each wind velocity interval is defined with a fuzzy set. Simulation experiments show that the TSK fuzzy PI speed controller can outperform the conventional PI controller in the speed and accuracy of response, stability, and robustness over the whole range of operation of the wind turbine prototype.