Soegijapranata Catholic University

Indonesian batik has been a cultural product for a hundred years. Its recognition as an intangible heritage has led its production to bring benefits in economic terms. However, there are environmental problems indicated by its production, and one of which is the water use. It is common to find information regarding the pollution caused by batik production. However, studies on water footprint of batik could bring insight that batik problem in relation to water doesn’t limit solely to pollution, but also to the huge volume of water consumed during batik production. In this understanding, the WF approach, both consumptive and degradative water use, is important. Although studies on batik WF have been conducted, it is still limited. This paper discusses the challenges faced in exploring batik WF based on field experience. An understanding of batik itself and batik SME characteristics are required because they are closely related to the WF of the process. Finally, this paper explains the conceptual and technical challenges that will be faced during the study of batik WF.

Background Social media is widely used by medical students, including for learning purposes since it facilitates their involvement in the communities of inquiry where they can share, express, and engage in the development of knowledge. Navigating the use of social media requires self-regulated learning (SRL) skills. Hence, studies on the relationships between social media use and SRL skills are necessary. Aim This study aims to investigate the relationships between social media use and students’ SRL skills. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using two validated questionnaires: the Social Networking Sites for Medical Education questionnaire (SNSME, 19 items) and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ, 81 items). Cross-cultural adaptation and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were also completed for the SNSME questionnaire, followed by descriptive and bivariate analysis. Results and discussion The SNSME questionnaire is valid for use in the current setting and consists of three subscales: (1) attitudes towards the use of social media for learning and knowledge development, (2) the use of social media for information sharing and interaction, and (3) the use of social media for knowledge development and research. Among 1,122 respondents, male students presented lower scores than female students in the total score of social media for learning (80 vs. 82, p 0.007), and public medical students showed higher scores in terms of attitudes towards the use of social media for learning and knowledge development compared to private medical students (83 vs. 81, p 0.007). The differences in SRL scores for different education stages and among students from public and private medical schools were statistically significant (426 vs. 418, p 0.003, and 436 vs. 418, p < 0.001, respectively). Levels of correlation between social media use and SRL scores were low to moderate (R 0.195–0.462, p < 0.001). Conclusions The adapted SNSME questionnaire in the current setting is valid and the use of social media for learning is influenced by gender and the learning environment. This study highlights the importance of supporting students in using social media for learning purposes as well as using social media as a means to increase their SRL skills.

α-Phellandrene (α-PA), a natural constituent of herbs, inhibits cancer cell viability and proliferation. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a frequently utilized chemotherapeutic medicine for the treatment of colon cancer, which works by triggering cancer cell apoptosis. The present study examined how the combination of α-PA and 5-FU affects the suppression of human colon cancer cells by promoting apoptosis. The impact of this treatment on cell viability, apoptosis, and the expression levels of Bcl-2 family members, caspase family members and mitochondria-related molecules in HT-29 cells was assessed by the MTT assay, immunocytochemistry, western blotting and quantitative PCR. The combination of 5-FU and α-PA had a synergistic inhibitory effect on cell viability, as determined by assessing the combination index value. Bax protein expression levels were higher in the 50, 100 or 250 µM α-PA combined with 5-FU groups compared with those in the 5-FU alone group (P<0.05). By contrast, Bcl-2 protein expression levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) were lower in the 100 or 250 µM α-PA combined with 5-FU groups than those in the 5-FU alone group (P<0.05). In addition, hexokinase-2 (HK-2) protein expression levels were lower in the 50, 100 or 250 µM α-PA combined with 5-FU groups than those in the 5-FU alone group (P<0.05). Compared with 5-FU alone, after HT-29 cells were treated with 50, 100 or 250 µM α-PA combined with 5-FU, the mRNA expression levels of extrinsic-induced apoptotic molecules, including caspase-8 and Bid, were higher (P<0.05). Treatment with 50, 100 or 250 µM α-PA combined with 5-FU also increased the mRNA expression levels of cytochrome c, caspase-9 and caspase-3, regulating intrinsic apoptosis (P<0.05). These results showed that α-PA and 5-FU had a synergistic effect on reducing the viability of human colon cancer HT-29 cells by inducing extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. The mechanism by which apoptosis is induced may involve the intrinsic apoptosis pathway that activates the mitochondria-dependent pathway, including regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 family members, including Bax, Bcl-2 and Bid, regulating MMP and HK-2 expression levels, and increasing the expression of caspase cascade molecules, including caspase-9 and caspase-3. In addition, it may involve the extrinsic apoptosis pathway that activates caspase-8 and caspase-3 leading to apoptosis.

This study compared gut (fecal) microbiota profiles between pre-term and full-term infants, assuming that pre-term infants without feeding intolerance would have gut microbiota similar to those of full-term infants. A total of 13 pre-term infants (gestational age < 37 weeks, birthweight ≤ 2500 g) and 10 full-term infants were included. The pre-term infants were assigned to the feeding tolerance (FT) group (n = 7) if their daily intake exceeded 100 mL/kg/day at two weeks after birth, or the feeding intolerance (FI) group (n = 6). Microbial DNA from weekly fecal samples was analyzed. The microbiota profiles of the pre-term infants and full-term infants were significantly different (p = 0.0001), as well as the FT and FI groups (p = 0.0009). The full-term group had more diversity, with higher concentrations of facultative anaerobes such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacteriaceae. The FT group’s gut microbiota matured over four weeks, with higher levels of digestion-related bacteria, while the FI group had more pathogens. In the FI group, a significant difference was observed between the first and second weeks, with no significant differences noted between the first week and the third or fourth weeks. The delay in the development of the pre-term infants’ gut microbiota may be associated with the FI.

Soft corals can produce bioactive compounds that act as antibacterials. Sinularia sp. is a soft coral that can produce antibacterial compounds. Symbion bacteria are bacteria that can produce bioactive compounds that tend to be the same as their host. The use of symbiont bacteria can be an alternative to exploit the potential of Sinularia sp. without harming marine life. This study aims to determine the antibacterial potential of the symbiont bacteria obtained from the soft coral Sinularia sp. in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by the agar diffusion method using disc paper. Antibacterial activity was indicated by the formation of a clear zone around the disc paper. The results showed that LA7 isolate had the best antibacterial activity with an average clear zone size of 14.6 mm against Staphylococcus epidermidis and 16.6 mm against Propionibacterium acnes. LA7 isolates identified species based on the 16S rRNA gene with primers 27F and 1492R. Based on molecular species support, it was found that LA7 isolate is Bacillus aerius with a homology level of 98.17%.

Vibriosis and septicemia are infections caused by bacteria that rise many problems on aquaculture industry. Bioprospection of marine organisms such as sea cucumber are very promising as they are widely known to contain symbiotic microorganisms having antibacterial potential. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial potential of sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus symbiont bacteria against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio harveyi, as well as to detect its NRPS gene. The research methods used were the isolation of symbiotic bacteria in the gut of the sea cucumber S. monotuberculatus, screening for its antibacterial activity, identification of 16S rRNA, and detection of NRPS gene clusters. A total of 16 bacteria were isolated, where 12 isolates had the potential to inhibit the pathogen A. hydrophila and 7 isolates had the potential to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic V. harveyi. Based on the identification of 16S rRNA, the symbiotic bacteria that was able to inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila was Bacillus subtilis, whereas bacteria that inhibited the pathogen of V. harveyi was Bacillus flexus. B. subtilis and B. flexus were detected to have NRPS gene clusters with an amplicon size of about 250 bp.

Mixed reality simulator is used as a learning simulation or training related to a disaster mitigation process. As a learning medium, mixed reality allows users to interact simultaneously with objects in a virtual environment and the actual world. One of the technical requirements in designing a mixed reality 3D model is that the assets have to be less than 22,926 triangles, and no more than 13,641 vertices per level of detail (LoD). For this reason, this study proposed a technique to optimize the assets and character modeling process using vertex decimation and depth-of-field (DoF) algorithm. In addition, the DoF algorithm aimed to get more dramatic and realistic rendering results, with a range of rendering time for each asset at 0.8–7.7 ms.

One of the crucial factors in changing behaviour towards pro‐environmental actions is climate change perception. The latest measurement tool for assessing this variable is the Climate Change Perception Scale (CCPS). However, CCPS has not gained widespread adoption and usage across different cultures, including Indonesia, and no analyses have been conducted to adapt and validate CCPS in the Indonesian context. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt, validate, and assess the measurement tool's consistency in Indonesia's cultural context. To investigate the instrument's psychometric properties, two studies ( n = 358, 415) were conducted in Indonesia to provide evidence of the internal consistency, convergent validity, and predictive validity of CCPS. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the Indonesian version of CCPS, which consists of 15 items, with three for each dimension, accurately and reliably measured perception of climate change. CCPS also demonstrated good convergent validity, as indicated by the significant correlations with a nature relatedness ( r = 0.425, p < 0.01) and biospheric value ( r = 0.341, p < 0.01) construct. Furthermore, it exhibited predictive validity by predicting pro‐environmental behaviour, β = 0.243, b = 0.176, t (413) = 5.10, p < 0.01. However, the Indonesian version of CCPS still needs to be tested and confirmed through various studies, considering the poor validity of the temporal dimension and the weak factor loading of the consequence dimension in Study 2.

A switched reluctance machine (SRM) has some advantages. Due to the absence of permanent magnets on its rotor, operating it as a generator requires two stages namely excitation stage and generation stage. Under the excitation stage, batteries are needed to excite the stator winding, this event must occur in proper commutation angles. These angles will determine the energy which will be produced during generation stage. SRM stator inductance will vary depend on the relative position between rotor and stator. A few moments before maximum value of the stator inductance, excitation to the stator winding must be given while turning off the stator excitation must be done during the negative slope of the stator inductance. In this paper, a method to generate precise commutation angles for SRM is proposed. This method is based on the input capture facility provided by dsPIC30F4012 as the core of the digital control. To verify the analysis, simulation and experimental works were done.

Machine learning is a successful dynamic tool for forecasting crop yields, as well as for choosing which crops to plant and what to do during the growing season. One of the industrial process models used in data mining is Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM), which includes six iterative phases. Crop prediction using various machine learning algorithms proposed by the authors in this study using CRISP-DM as an approach. Machine learning algorithms are used to perform classifications to predict crops. The machine learning algorithms that are used to carry out a classification to be able to predict crops include Random Forest, Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and eXtreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost). This article contributes to presenting and providing an understanding of crop prediction using machine learning. From the classification and modeling results using crop recommendation data set, the Decision Tree algorithm becomes an algorithm that has the lowest accuracy results compared to other algorithms with value of 0.9 for testing and value of 0.88 for training. Meanwhile, the algorithm that has the highest level of accuracy of the machine learning algorithm used is the XGBoost algorithm with test value accuracy of 0.993 and training value accuracy of 1.0.