Shaqra University

Vegetable crops are highly valued for their positive impact on health and nutrition, which are often cultivated using hybrid seeds for increased resistance and higher yield. With the growing global population and limited arable land, hybrid breeding has become essential. Despite advancements in genomic and genetic research on vegetable crops, the commercialization of hybrid vegetable crops is still in its early stages. The development of cost-efficient hybrid seeds faces challenges due to male sterility, which is characterized by nonviable pollen grains. The understanding of male sterility in certain vegetable crops has improved due to advancements in molecular techniques. Two commonly utilized methods across the globe are cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS). Several types of male sterility have been identified in vegetable crop lines. Cultivating hybrid vegetable crops is essential to increase outcrossing rates and boost the economy. The practical implementation of male sterility in vegetable crops has been hindered by the constraints of naturally occurring male-sterile mutants. This chapter provides a summary of the current state of hybrid vegetable crop breeding and the recent developments in male-sterility-based breeding programs. It provides a practical approach to efficiently induce male sterility and apply it in vegetable hybrid breeding. Furthermore, the chapter offers an overview of the current status and upcoming strategies to utilize and enhance existing CMS systems in various vegetables.

Background Clan culture is characterized by a family-like environment that emphasizes collaboration, support, and a sense of belonging among employees. Paternalistic leadership combines strong authority with benevolence, where leaders act as parental figures, guiding and caring for their subordinates. In organizations with a clan culture, paternalistic leadership can thrive, as both prioritize close-knit relationships and employee well-being. This alignment can foster a supportive work environment, enhancing job satisfaction and reducing feelings of isolation among employees. Aim This study seeks to investigate the impact of clan culture on nurses’ green behavior, with a specific emphasis on how paternalistic leadership operates as a mediator and workplace loneliness as a moderator. Subject and methods 780 nurses from the Zagazig University Hospitals in Zagazig City, Egypt, were chosen at a systematic random sampling method. This study used a descriptive correlational design. Four instruments were employed to collect the data: The paternalistic leadership scale, the employee green behaviors descriptive norms scale, the clan culture scale, and the revised UCLA loneliness scale. Results Findings revealed that clan culture has a significant negative direct effect on green behaviors; nevertheless, it positively influences paternalistic leadership. Paternalistic leadership positively affects green behaviors. Paternalistic leadership partially mediates the relationship between clan culture and green behaviors. Workplace loneliness moderates the relationship between clan culture and green behaviors. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of leadership in translating organizational culture into sustainable practices. While clan culture, on its own, may deprioritize green behaviors, paternalistic leadership serves as a critical mediator, enabling organizations to align relational harmony with environmental sustainability. By fostering supportive leadership and integrating sustainability into cultural values, organizations can address both relational and ecological goals. Implications for nursing management and leadership To address these findings, organizations should prioritize enhancing clan culture while avoiding its potential drawbacks, promote benevolent leadership while reducing authoritarian tendencies, and implement targeted strategies to improve green behavior and mitigate workplace loneliness. Interventions could include leadership training, employee support programs, and environmental awareness campaigns. Also, the findings highlight the need for a holistic approach to organizational development. Strategies to enhance clan culture and paternalistic leadership should incorporate sustainability and inclusivity as core values. Specific interventions include leadership training programs, sustainability workshops, and initiatives to foster social connections among nurses. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

This study investigates the primary elements that affect the acceptance of mobile payment systems (MPS) in emerging markets during health emergencies such as the COVID‐19 outbreak. By integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) with the Health Belief Model (HBM), as well as incorporating constructs like trust and uncertainty avoidance, the research provides comprehensive insights into MPS usage behavior in emerging markets. Data were collected from 362 participants in Saudi Arabia via an online survey. The collected data underwent analysis using two methods: partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) and necessary condition analysis (NCA). The results indicate that the intention to adopt MPS is significantly influenced by perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, social influence, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and trust. However, hedonic motivation does not exert a meaningful impact. Furthermore, uncertainty avoidance moderates the relationship between user intentions and the actual utilization of MPS, highlighting the cultural dimension's role in technology adoption during crises. These results offer valuable theoretical contributions by bridging health‐related constructs with technology adoption frameworks, while also providing actionable insights for practitioners. Policymakers and businesses can leverage these findings to enhance MPS adoption by addressing users' perceived risks, building trust, and tailoring strategies to cultural contexts, particularly during health emergencies.

Cancer diagnostics highlight the critical requirement for sensitive and accurate tools with functional biomarkers for early tumor detection, diagnosis, and treatment. With a high burden of morbidity and mortality among young men worldwide and an increasing prevalence, Testicular cancer (TC) is a significant death-related cancer. Along with patient history, imaging, clinical presentation, and laboratory data, histological analysis of the testicular tissue following orchiectomy is crucial. Although some patients in advanced stages who belong to a poor risk group die from cancer, surgical treatments and chemotherapeutic treatment offer a high possibility of cure in the early stages. Testicular tumors lack useful indicators despite their traditional pathological classification, which highlights the need to find and use blood tumor markers in therapy. Regretfully, the sensitivity and specificity of the currently available biomarkers are restricted. Novel non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently been discovered, offering a potential breakthrough as viable biomarkers and diagnostic tools. They act as fundamental gene regulators at the post-transcriptional level, controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This article aims to comprehensively explore the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of TC, with a focus on their regulatory mechanisms within key signaling pathways such as TGF-β, PTEN/AKT/mTOR, EGFR, JAK/STAT, and WNT/β-catenin. By investigating the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, this study seeks to address challenges such as treatment resistance and evaluate the clinical importance of miRNAs in improving patient outcomes. Additionally, the work aims to explore innovative approaches, including nanoparticle-based delivery systems, to enhance the efficacy of miRNA-based therapies. Ultimately, this research aims to provide insights into future directions for precision medicine in TC, bridging the gap between molecular discoveries and clinical applications.

Known by its scientific name, Cinnamomum verum L., cinnamon is a spice, highly regarded and is utilised in a variety of contexts, including culinary and medical applications. It is vital to cultivate enhanced cinnamon cultivars that display improved qualities, such as larger yield, superior quality, increased disease resistance, and tolerance to a variety of agroclimatic situations. This is because the demand for cinnamon is expanding at an alarming rate. An strategy that is viable for creating improved varieties of cinnamon that have favourable agronomic properties has been made possible by the success that has been made in cinnamon breeding procedures. Cinnamon‘s productivity, quality, and resilience could be improved by the integration of conventional and molecular breeding approaches, as well as through the efficient utilisation of varied germplasm resources. It is absolutely necessary to devote the necessary resources to cinnamon breeding research in order to effectively meet the ever-increasing demand for this highly sought-after spice on a global scale. The objective of this chapter is to provide a complete summary of the latest breakthroughs in breeding procedures that have been utilised for the enhancement of cinnamon. This discussion covers a wide range of topics that are associated with cinnamon breeding, including the investigation of germplasm, the specification of selection criteria, the methods of breeding, and the molecular techniques. In addition, this chapter will shed light on the difficulties that have been experienced in cinnamon breeding research, and it will also offer some insights into the potential opportunities that exist within this particular subject.

This chapter provides an overview of the recent advancements in breeding strategies for saffron (Crocus sativus L.), a highly valuable spice crop known for its unique and vibrant color, distinctive flavor, and various medicinal properties. Saffron production is predominantly dependent on the cultivation of its genetically diverse and economically valuable source, Crocus sativus. The chapter highlights the significance of saffron breeding to address challenges such as low and inconsistent yields, susceptibility to diseases, and changing climatic conditions. It discusses various traditional and modern breeding techniques employed to improve saffron cultivation, focusing on both genetic and agronomic aspects. Traditional breeding methods, including selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding, have played a crucial role in saffron improvement. The chapter outlines how these methods, with advancements in phenotypic and genotypic selection approaches, have contributed to enhancing desirable traits such as improved yield, disease resistance, and increased adaptability to adverse conditions. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the emerging fields of molecular breeding, genomics, and biotechnology, which have opened new avenues for saffron improvement. It explores the utilization of marker-assisted selection (MAS), genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and other genomic tools for efficient identification and introgression of beneficial traits. The potential of genetic engineering and transgenic approaches in saffron breeding is also discussed. In addition to genetics, the chapter sheds light on the significance of agronomic practices and cultural management techniques that can contribute to sustainable and enhanced saffron production. It discusses the importance of optimizing irrigation, nutrient management, and crop protection strategies to ensure healthy plant growth and maximum yield. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in saffron breeding strategies, encompassing traditional and molecular approaches. It emphasizes the importance of integrating genetic studies with agronomic practices to develop high-yielding and resilient saffron varieties that can meet the increasing global demands sustainably.

A molecularly imprinted polymer was developed to selectively adsorb S‐ketoprofen (S‐KP) and chirally separate it from a racemic mixture. Synthesis involves condensation polymerization of 4‐mercaptophenol and 4‐nitrophenol with formaldehyde to obtain a thiolated/nitro‐functionalized polymer that was further reduced to an amino‐functionalized polymer (HS‐P‐NH2) using sodium dithionite. Finally, the S‐imprinted polymer (S‐KP‐P) was prepared by imprinting S‐KP onto HS‐P‐NH2, followed by post‐crosslinking with bis(maleimido)ethane through thiol–maleimide click reaction. Confirmation of the successful functionalization and crosslinking was done via structural characterization techniques. Kinetic studies showed that the crosslinking reaction followed second‐order kinetics, with thermodynamic analysis indicating a spontaneous, exothermic process. In the adsorption experiments, S‐KP‐P manifested better enantioselectivity in the maximum capacity of adsorptions of 422 mg g⁻¹ for S‐KP versus 243 mg g⁻¹ for R‐KP. The Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm data, confirming monolayer adsorption on homogeneous binding sites. Chiral separation experiments using column chromatography demonstrated the ability of S‐KP‐P to resolve (±)‐KP, yielding 97% enantiomeric excess (ee) for R‐KP in the first elution and 94% ee for S‐KP in the second. In contrast, the non‐imprinted polymer showed no enantioselectivity. The results confirm the potential of S‐KP‐P for efficient enantioselective separation in pharmaceutical applications. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Aim This study examines the influence of visionary leadership on nurse interns’ creativity and organizational effectiveness, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived organizational support. Background Leadership, particularly in healthcare care, significantly influences employee experiences and outcomes. Visionary leaders support their employees to gain organizational commitment and improve their creativity. However, the impact of visionary leaders on creativity among nurses and organizational effectiveness requires further exploration. Organizational support plays a crucial mediating role in the relationship between visionary leadership and nurses’ creativity. When nurses perceive strong organizational support, they feel more valued and are more likely to engage in creative behaviors. Subjects and methods A descriptive correlational design was conducted among nurse interns in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt. Four standardized questionnaires were used to examine perceptions of visionary leadership, organizational support, creativity among nurse interns, and organizational effectiveness perception; 464 nurse interns were polled. The study’s hypothetical model was examined using AMOS structural equation modeling (SEM). Results Visionary leadership perception significantly affects nurse interns’ creativity, organizational effectiveness, and perceived organizational support. As well, nurse interns’ creativity significantly affects organizational effectiveness. Moreover, perceived organizational support mediates the relationship between visionary leadership as regards nurse interns’ creativity and organizational effectiveness, Conclusions In sum, fostering a supportive environment and employing visionary leadership can empower nurse interns to be more creative, leading to enhanced problem-solving, improved processes, and better overall performance within healthcare organizations. This emphasizes the importance of leadership and support in driving innovation and effectiveness in healthcare settings. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Background The implementation of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) has been shown to effectively prevent long-term psychological effects of trauma. Additionally, it aids nurses in stabilising their emotional state and facilitates their practical recovery. Aim To investigate the effect of MHFA on resilience capacity, organisational commitment, job insecurity and turnover among nurses working in the COVID-19 isolation units. Methods Sixty nurses in COVID-19 isolation units participated in a quasi-experimental two-group, pre–post-test research. Nurses with low resilience capacity due to the COVID-19 crisis in Egypt completed a baseline survey. The study group employed MHFA strategies using the RAPID model. At the same time, standard psychological care was provided to the control group. Results A statistically significant improvement in resilience and organisational commitments mean scores among the study group (62.50 ± 19.33, 21.67 ± 9.66, respectively) post-intervention. Besides, a significant decline in the study group’s job insecurity and turnover intention mean scores (8.90 ± 2.32, 8.70 ± 2.34, respectively) after the MHFA intervention. Conclusion Implementing MHFA enhances nurses’ ability to withstand the challenges of COVID-19, significantly boosting their resilience. Additionally, it positively impacts their organisational commitment, reducing both job insecurity and turnover intention

In the present work, novel series of 3‐cyanoquinoline derivatives 4a–h were synthesized via one‐pot reaction of 2‐naphthaldehyde (1), malononitrile (2), ammonium acetate, and some phenol derivatives 3a–h using microwave irradiation (MWI). Excellent yields (89%–94%) were obtained, shorter reaction time (6–10 min), simple work, and to avoid any toxic solvents were the advantages of application of MWI. The structures of novel compounds 4a–h were confirmed via spectral data and elemental analysis. The anti‐inflammatory activities of new compounds were evaluated using the egg albumin denaturation method and compared with ibuprofen as a reference drug. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d exhibited significant anti‐inflammatory activities, with inhibition percentages from 80.80% to 87.76% at 500 µM, compared to ibuprofen (92.06%). Furthermore, the newly synthesized 3‐cyanoquinoline derivatives 4a–h were subjected to molecular docking simulations against the enzyme human cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), using tolfenamic acid as a reference ligand (PDB ID: 5IKT). The docking results revealed that the 3‐cyanoquinoline derivatives effectively interact with COX‐2, a pivotal enzyme in the inflammatory pathway.

Background Ethical leadership in nursing is pivotal for fostering a transparent workplace culture and encouraging error reporting, a critical behavior for enhancing patient safety. In Saudi Arabia, cultural and organizational factors may influence nurses’ willingness to report errors, making this an essential area of study. This study investigates the correlation between ethical leadership and error reporting behavior, emphasizing the mediating influence of moral courage among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional research used a simple random sampling technique to recruit 269 clinical nurses from four specialized medical centers affiliated with King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected between October and December 2024 using online self-reported questionnaires that included validated scales for ethical leadership, moral courage, error reporting, and demographic information form. This study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate hypothesized relationships. Results Ethical leadership significantly impacted error reporting behavior (β = 0.58, p < 0.001) and ethical courage (β = 0.35, p < 0.001). Moral courage was a significant predictor of error reporting behavior (β = 0.30, p = 0.01) and partially mediates the link between ethical leadership and error reporting (β = 0.11, p = 0.01). The total effect of ethical leadership on error reporting behavior was substantial (β = 0.69), with a BC 95% CI of (0.51, 0.89). Conclusions The findings highlight the critical role of ethical leadership in fostering moral courage and promoting error reporting behavior among nurses. The mediation effect of moral courage underscores the importance of cultivating an ethical work environment that empowers nurses to act with integrity and report errors without fear of retaliation. These insights emphasize the need for nursing managers to prioritize ethical leadership practices and create transparent workplace cultures that enhance patient safety. By addressing cultural and organizational barriers, healthcare institutions in Saudi Arabia can further encourage error reporting, ultimately improving the quality of care and patient outcomes.

Effective load balancing and resource allocation are essential in dynamic cloud computing environments, where the demand for rapidity and continuous service is perpetually increasing. This paper introduces an innovative hybrid optimisation method that combines water wave optimization (WWO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to tackle these challenges effectively. ACO is acknowledged for its proficiency in conducting local searches effectively, facilitating the swift discovery of high-quality solutions. In contrast, WWO specialises in global exploration, guaranteeing extensive coverage of the solution space. Collectively, these methods harness their distinct advantages to enhance various objectives: decreasing response times, maximising resource efficiency, and lowering operational expenses. We assessed the efficacy of our hybrid methodology by conducting extensive simulations using a cloud-sim simulator and a variety of workload trace files. We assessed our methods in comparison to well-established algorithms, such as WWO, genetic algorithm (GA), spider monkey optimization (SMO), and ACO. Key performance indicators, such as task scheduling duration, execution costs, energy consumption, and resource utilisation, were meticulously assessed. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid WWO-ACO approach enhances task scheduling efficiency by 11%, decreases operational expenses by 8%, and lowers energy usage by 12% relative to conventional methods. In addition, the algorithm consistently achieved an impressive equilibrium in resource allocation, with balance values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The results emphasise the hybrid WWO-ACO algorithm’s substantial impact on improving system performance and customer satisfaction, thereby demonstrating a significant improvement in cloud computing optimisation techniques.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, continues to pose significant challenges to modern medicine due to the limited efficacy offered by current therapeutic modalities. With the complex pathophysiology of AD, which includes tau protein accumulation, amyloid-β plaque formation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, novel drug-targeting sites must be identified. This study presents a thorough evaluation of novel drug targeting sites, with a focus on these pathological characteristics as promising therapeutic targets while providing an explanation of their role in the course of the disease. We investigate in detail how neurotoxicity, resulting in synapse failure and cognitive impairment, is caused by tau proteins and amyloid plaques. In addition, the article discusses the increasing evidence that synaptic dysfunction is a major factor in the disease's progression, as well as the significance of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of the condition. The review also covers new drug sites such as amyloid-β plaques, tau proteins, and the inhibition of neuroinflammation mediators, in addition to traditional drug sites, including cholinergic and glutamatergic therapeutic targets. Lastly, we discuss the role of translational informatics involving data modeling, predictive analytics, explainable artificial intelligence (AI), and multimodal approaches for the management and prediction of AD. This article will serve as a guide for future research efforts in the fields of neuroscience, neuropharmacology, drug delivery sciences, and translational informatics.

This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical and electrochemical properties of terpyridine-based metal complexes (C1–C20). The synthesis of these terpyridine (TPY) complexes involves the coordination of TPY ligands (L1–L11) with transition metal ions, leading to a variety of novel structural and electronic configurations. The characterization of TPY ligands and their complexes is carried out using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR, FTIR and mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we comprehensively investigate the photophysical, solvatochromic, electrochemical, and computational properties of an extensive series of TPY-based metal complexes (C1–C20) within a single framework. The solvatochromic behavior of the synthesized complexes (C1–C20) is explored, revealing their sensitivity to solvent polarity, which is a key factor influencing their photophysical properties. The TPY-based complexes (C1–C20) exhibited solvent-dependent fluorescence behavior, with distinct ILCT and MLCT mechanisms, and enhanced fluorescence in specific solvents, particularly for Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes. The absorption and emission characteristics of the complexes are studied in dilute solutions to explore their structure–property relationships. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of the TPY-based metal complexes (C1–C20) are investigated, highlighting their redox activity and potential for use in energy storage and conversion applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to provide detailed insights into the electronic structure and reactivity of these complexes, supporting the experimental observations. The correlation of electronic band gaps with photophysical and electrochemical behaviors showed compounds as promising candidates with efficient charge transfer and strong fluorescence. The integrated analyses reveal the exceptional potential of this scaffold for advanced materials applications, highlighting its versatility and significance in cutting-edge research.

KRAS was (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) revealed as an important target in current therapeutic cancer research because alteration of RAS (rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) protein has a critical role in malignant modification, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. For cancer treatment, designing competitive inhibitors for this attractive target was difficult. Nevertheless, computational investigations of the protein’s dynamic behavior displayed the existence of temporary pockets that could be used to design allosteric inhibitors. The last decade witnessed intensive efforts to discover KRAS inhibitors. In 2021, the first KRAS G12C covalent inhibitor, AMG 510, received FDA (Food and drug administration) approval as an anticancer medication that paved the path for future treatment strategies against this target. Computer-aided drug designing discovery has long been used in drug development research targeting different KRAS mutants. In this review, the major breakthroughs in computational methods adapted to discover novel compounds for different mutations have been discussed. Undoubtedly, virtual screening and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and molecular docking are the most considered approach, producing hits that can be employed in subsequent refinements. After comprehensive analysis, Afatinib and Quercetin were computationally identified as hits in different publications. Several authors conducted covalent docking studies with acryl amide warheads groups containing inhibitors. Future studies are needed to demonstrate their true potential. In-depth studies focusing on various allosteric pockets demonstrate that the switch I/II pocket is a suitable site for drug designing. In addition, machine learning and deep learning based approaches provide new insights for developing anti-KRAS drugs. We believe that this review provides extensive information to researchers globally and encourages further development in this particular area of research.

The COVI D‐19‐2024 is one of the most frequently occurring illnesses worldwide. One of the symptoms of COVID‐19 is sever cough. This study presents a novel first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method that is rapid, highly sensitive, cost‐effective, and environmentally safe for determining two coformulated anticough drugs, dextromethorphan and guaifenesin, simultaneously. At 281.5 and 297.4 nm, respectively, the fluorescence of guaifenesin and dextromethorphan was measured. The dilution solvent was methanol, and the wavelength difference (Δλ) was 20 nm. The method verified good linearity ( r > 0.999) for both dextromethorphan (10.0–200.0 ng mL ⁻¹ ) and guaifenesin (30.0–800.0 ng mL ⁻¹ ) within the intended concentration ranges. The findings showed that the suggested method had a high degree of sensitivity, with detection limits for guaifenesin and dextromethorphan being 8.64 and 1.81 ng mL ⁻¹ , respectively. For both analytes, the intraday and interday precisions were less than 0.81% RSD. With low percentage RSD values and high percentage recoveries, the developed method was successfully used to estimate the aforementioned medications in dosage forms and human plasma samples simultaneously. The CACI tool evaluated the method's economy, usefulness, and applicability, whereas MoGAPI and AGREE metrics verified its exceptional eco‐friendliness and greenness. The procedure was thoroughly verified in compliance with ICH Q2 (R2) standards.

Background: Hypertension significantly impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients. This study evaluates the influence of sociodemographic, economic, and clinical features on HRQoL among hypertensive patients using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a public health center in Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia, where 209 adult hypertensive patients were surveyed using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic and clinical details, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the associations between variables and the SF-36 domains. Results: Of the 209 participants, 122 (58.4%) were female and 87 (41.6%) were male. Complications and multiple antihypertensive medications were linked to poorer physical functioning and general health (p < 0.05). Salt restriction improved physical functioning (B = 12.339, p = 0.008), and exercise reduced body pain (B = −8.487, p = 0.038). Middle-income patients had higher vitality (B = 7.632, p = 0.038) and social functioning (B = 16.465, p = 0.035). Higher-income individuals showed lower social functioning (B = −12.323, p = 0.022). Conclusions: Age, income, marital status, and complications were key determinants of HRQoL in hypertensive patients. Lifestyle interventions like exercise and salt restriction improve physical functioning and reduce pain, while psychological and social support are vital for mental health. Tailored interventions addressing clinical and psychosocial support are crucial for optimizing HRQoL in this population.

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, resulting in depigmented patches on the skin. The molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo remain incompletely understood, with recent studies highlighting the role of non-coding RNAs in disease pathogenesis. To identify and analyze the roles of miRNAs, (circular RNAs) circRNAs, and (long non-coding RNAs) lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, focusing on their interactions with key coding genes and pathways. We utilized Microarray data from the GSE65127 and GSE75819 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to Vitiligo. The analysis was conducted using GEO2R for identifying upregulated and downregulated genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING and further analyzed with Cytoscape and CytoHubba. Gene Ontology (GO), disease pathways, Disease gene associations, and phenotypes are determined by many online software. miRNAs and cirRNas, lncRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics tools. The constructed network identified AKT1 as a central hub, hsa-miR-140-3p assumes a critical role by interacting with both AKT1 and CTSD, while circRNAs such as hsa_circ_0020776, hsa_circ_0033552, and hsa_circ_0020773 significantly modulate these interactions. Also, hsa-miR-921 is highly effective in binding to AKT1, as well as to hsa_circ_0033546 and hsa_circ_0033547. lncRNAs, including AFAP1-AS1 and MALAT1, contribute to the network by establishing connections with the mRNA of target genes. we determined two genes, two miRNAs, and 5 circRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for vitiligo.