Shandong Normal University

Deep learning (DL)-based image reconstruction methods have garnered increasing interest in the last few years. Numerous studies demonstrate that DL-based reconstruction methods function admirably in optical tomographic imaging techniques, such as bioluminescence tomography (BLT). Nevertheless, nearly every existing DL-based method utilizes an explicit neural representation for the reconstruction problem, which either consumes much memory space or requires various complicated computations. In this paper, we present a neural field (NF)-based image reconstruction scheme for BLT that uses an implicit neural representation. The proposed NF-based method establishes a transformation between the coordinate of an arbitrary spatial point and the source value of the point with a relatively light-weight multilayer perceptron, which has remarkable computational efficiency. Another simple neural network composed of two fully connected layers and a 1D convolutional layer is used to generate the neural features. Results of simulations and experiments show that the proposed NF-based method has similar performance to the photon density complement network and the two-stage network, while consuming fewer floating point operations with fewer model parameters.

Pre-commitment shows promise in reducing decision-making impulsivity, however, it may be invalidated, leading to self-control failures. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of revocable pre-commitment in promoting commitment and reducing decision-making impulsivity through two studies. Experiment 1 used event-related potentials to explore whether revocable pre-commitment was beneficial to make individuals more inclined to commit. Experiment 2 explored the effectiveness of revocable pre-commitment in reducing decision-making impulsivity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the pre-commitment condition, there is a higher proportion of pre-commitment selection under the revocable pre-commitment condition. Besides, in short delay time condition, the proportion of individuals choosing pre-commitment is higher than that of the other two conditions. Additionally, the average amplitudes of N1 and P300 in the revocable pre-commitment condition are significantly lower than those in the pre-commitment condition. (2) There is a higher proportion of larger-later (LL) options selection in the revocable pre-commitment condition compared with the other conditions. Moreover, the proportion of choosing LL options in short-term condition is higher than that of medium-term condition, which is higher than that of long-term condition. Our findings indicated the efficiency of revocable pre-commitment in reducing decision-making impulsivity.

Hydrogen is an essential energy resource, playing a pivotal role in advancing a sustainable future. Electrolysis of seawater shows great potential for large‐scale hydrogen production but encounters challenges such as electrode corrosion caused by chlorine evolution. Herein, a durable CoCO3/CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalyst is presented for alkaline seawater oxidation, showcasing resistance to corrosion and stable operation exceeding 1,000 h at a high current density of 1 A cm⁻². The results indicate that CoCO3 within the electrocatalyst undergoes conversion into CoOOH and releases CO3²⁻ during electrolysis. The incorporation of CO3²⁻ within its layers and the anchoring of the electrocatalyst's surface prevent the adverse adsorption of chloride ions, enhancing resistance to chloride ion corrosion, thereby protecting the active sites of the electrocatalyst effectively.

Seawater electrolysis is deemed a green and promising technology for producing hydrogen in coastal areas. Nevertheless, ample chloride ions (Cl–) in seawater can corrode anode, especially at ampere‐level current densities (j), which represents a significant impediment to the seawater‐to‐H2 system. In this study, we present a CoFe layered double hydroxide nanoneedle array modified with 1,3,6,8‐pyrenetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PTS) on Ni foam (CoFe LDH@CoFe‐PTS/NF) as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation. It reveals that PTS with a large negative charge density can effectively repel Cl– and keep active sites working stably during alkaline seawater oxidation. Thus, CoFe LDH@CoFe‐PTS/NF demonstrates excellent OER performance and can achieve j of 500 and 1000 mA cm⁻² at low overpotentials (η) of 333 and 364 mV. Moreover, it maintains a stable and continuous electrolysis for 500 h with minimal amounts of active chlorine generation.

A surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) filter membrane based on a Janus copper/poly(vinylidene fluoride)/zinc oxide/silver/zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (Cu/PVDF/ZnO/Ag/ZIF‐8, J‐CPZAZ) is designed in this work, which can extract and enrich methylmercury (MeHg) from real samples containing various sizes and types of interferents into the PVDF/ZnO/Ag/ZIF‐8 SERS enhancement unit directly within 2 min. Combined with the microcavity structure in PVDF/ZnO/Ag/ZIF‐8, J‐CPZAZ can also localize the incident light at the same position. This co‐confinement effect of “hotspot‐molecule” effectively lowers the limit of detection of MeHg to 10⁻¹⁰ m. Interestingly, a controllable wettability of J‐CPZAZ endows it with good oil‐water separation function for separating various kinds of MeHg extractant (>95%) from mixed aqueous solution. Based on these features, a dual‐layer J‐CPZAZ filter membrane is further successfully fabricated, enabling both‐in‐one detection and removal of MeHg from real water environments. In the experiments, real water samples are selected from six different water areas in Shandong Province, China, for relevant tests and compared the results with those obtained using traditional gas chromatography. The results demonstrate that the dual‐layer J‐CPZAZ filter membrane exhibits both high MeHg removal efficiency (≈100%) and detection accuracy (average error < 1.8%), showcasing great application potential.

Leaf development directly determines the yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), an important leafy vegetable of the Asteraceae family. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development in lettuce remain incompletely characterized. The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) transcription factor family plays a pivotal role in leaf development across various plant species. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the genome-wide characteristics of LBD genes in the lettuce genome. In total, 45 LBD genes (named LsLBD1-45) were identified, showing uneven distribution on nine chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divides them into Class I and Class II. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LsLBD9 was one of the homologs of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 (AS2), a key regulator in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcriptional analyses indicated the potential involvement of LsLBD9 in early leaf development. We proved that LsLBD9 was a cytoplasmic- and nuclear-localized protein, which exhibited self-activation activity in yeast. Overexpression of LsLBD9 resulted in abaxial leaf curling in lettuce. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and luciferase complementation assay revealed the interaction between LsLBD9 and LsAS1 (ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 1), suggesting that LsLBD9 may function through interaction with (LsAS1). These results laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of the LBD gene family in lettuce and for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms by which LsLBD9 participates in the development of lettuce leaves.

The ability to plan and carry out goal-directed behavior presupposes knowledge about the contingencies between movements and their effects. Ideomotor accounts of action control assume that agents integrate action-effect contingencies by creating action-effect bindings, which associate movement patterns with their sensory consequences. However, the neurophysiological underpinnings of action-effect binding are not yet well understood. Given that theta band activity has been linked to information integration, we thus studied action-effect integration in an electrophysiological study with N=31 healthy individuals with a strong focus on theta band activity. We examined how information between functional neuroanatomical structures is exchanged to enable action planning. We show that theta band activity in a network encompassing the insular cortex (IC), the anterior temporal lobe (ATL), and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) supports the establishment of action-effect bindings. All regions revealed bi-directional effective connectivities, indicating information transfer between these regions. The IC and ATL create a loop for information integration and the conceptual abstraction of it. The involvement of anterior regions of the IFC, particularly during the acquisition phase of the action-effect, likely reflects episodic control mechanisms in which a past event defines a “template” of what action-effect is to be expected. Taken together, the current findings connect well with major cognitive concepts. Our study suggests a functional relevance of theta band activity in an IC-ATL-IFC network, which in turn implies that basic ideomotor action-effect integration is implemented through theta band activity and effective connectivities between temporo-frontal structures.

Salinity significantly inhibits plant growth and development. While the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor can reduce its ion content by secreting salt, the metabolic pathways it employs to adapt to high salt stress remain unclear. This study aims to unravel this enigma through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of L. bicolor under salt stress conditions. The results showed that compared to the control (S0), low salt treatment (S1) led to a significant increase in plant growth, photosynthesis efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity but caused no significant changes in organic soluble substance and ROS contents. However, high salt treatments (S3 and S4) led to a significant decrease in plant growth, photosynthesis efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity, accompanied by a significant increase in organic soluble substance and ROS contents. A significant increase in phenolic compounds, such as caffeoyl shikimic acid and coniferin, upon the treatments of S1, S3 and S4, and a decrease and increase in flavonoids upon the treatments of S1 and S3 were also observed, respectively. This study also demonstrated that the expression patterns of key genes responsible for the biosynthesis of these metabolites are consistent with the observed trends in their accumulation levels. These results suggest that under low salt stress conditions, the halophyte L. bicolor experiences minimal osmotic and oxidative stress. However, under high salt stress conditions, it suffers severe osmotic and oxidative stress, and the increase in organic soluble substances and flavonoids serves as a key response to these stresses and also represents a good strategy for the alleviation of them.

Background Adequate staffing of primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) is essential for strengthening healthcare systems, yet high turnover intention among these workers presents a significant challenge. While existing strategies primarily target economic incentives and career progression, this study proposes that enhancing organizational justice could offer a novel and impactful approach to retention. Drawing on equity theory and self-determination theory, the study examines how organizational justice influences turnover intention and the mediating roles of both the intensity and type of work motivation. Methods This is a cross-sectional study design. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was utilized to administer a questionnaire survey to 1,200 PHCWs from 36 primary health institutions in Shandong Province, China. Results Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that organizational justice significantly reduces turnover intention among PHCWs (β = −0.435, p < 0.001). Among its three dimensions, distributive justice (β = −0.203, p < 0.001) and procedural justice (β = −0.177, p < 0.01) had significant impacts on turnover intention, whereas interactional justice did not. The study also confirmed the mediating role of work motivation, with work motivation type accounting for 18.2% of the total effect, exerting a greater influence than work motivation intensity, which accounted for 13.8% of the total effect. Conclusion This study finds that organizational justice, especially distributive and procedural justice, reduces turnover intention among PHCWs in China. Work motivation mediates this effect, with motivation type having a stronger influence than motivation intensity. Enhancing organizational justice through transparent systems for compensation, promotion, and inclusive decision-making can foster the internalization of work motivation, providing a sustainable approach to improving retention and supporting the stability of the primary healthcare workforce.

Erbium-doped thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) lasers have attracted great interest in recent years due to their compatibility with high-speed electro-optic (EO) modulation on the same platform. In this work, high-efficiency single-mode erbium-doped microring lasers with milliwatt output powers were demonstrated. Monolithic lithium niobate microring resonators using pulley-waveguide-coupling were fabricated by the photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE) technique. The maximum single-mode laser power of 1.26 mW with the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 50 dB was achieved around the wavelength of 1562 nm, as well as the maximum laser slope efficiency of 2.51% and the minimum laser linewidth of 30 kHz. Besides, the lasing band was easily switched by the pulley-coupler with variable waveguide widths. The demonstrated milliwatt-level on-chip microlasers hold great promise as bright light sources for various integrated devices on the TFLN platform such as EO modulators and combs.

This paper researches the predefined-time event-triggered adaptive neural practical tracking control problem for flexible-joint robot system. An improved predefined-time command filter is utilized to get rid of the “explosion of complexity” problem, and the filter errors can be eliminated by an improved error compensation mechanism. Moreover, as an effective approximation tool, radial basis function neural networks are exploited to tackle the nonlinear terms existing in flexible-joint robot system. Finally, the communication burden of the system is reduced by using event-triggered technology, and an advanced adaptive predefined-time event-triggered controller is designed. The actual controller in the control scheme is updated only when it meets the conditions of the event-triggered mechanism. For flexible-joint robot system, the resulting control scheme makes the tracking error approach to a small neighborhood of zero, and all signals of the closed-loop system remain bounded within the predefined time. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is directly illustrated by the simulation results.