Selçuk University

Plant biotechnology, which includes a variety of scientific methods and techniques, is vital in identifying and modifying plant genes to create desired traits in plants or to achieve specific outcomes. The CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)- mediated genetic modification technique has arisen as a modern approach to increase plant resistance to various bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. Techniques to reduce off-target effects involve designing precise guide RNAs, utilizing high-accuracy Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) enzymes, and using the ribonucleoprotein transport approach. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 (CRISPR) technology in crop protection shows significant potential as a sustainable alternative to pesticides. Combining multiple resistance genes and adopting good farming practices are essential strategies for increasing durability. Disease resistance, in particular, stands out as a promising area for applying this technology in agriculture. CRISPR aids in the gene stacking process and provides opportunities for efficiently creating new resistances. Additionally, addressing technical challenges related to targeted mutagenesis and achieving true genetic modification in crops are critical. Improving the efficiency of homology-directed repair and developing multiplexing protocols are vital for broadening the range of CRISPR applications in plant breeding. This technique possesses the capability to transform crop protection, offering a way to produce superior, disease-resistant crops and reduce the environmental impact of pesticide use. This chapter examines diverse uses of the CRISPR technique in managing plant diseases.

This study presents the fabrication of organic UV–vis–NIR photodetectors based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films synthesized via a plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 10, 20, and 30 W plasma power. The effects of plasma power on polymerization, as well as optical, structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties, are analyzed using UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray. The films, exhibiting a bandgap of 3.52–3.59 eV, are uniformly coated on Si surfaces. Photodiode and photodetector performance is evaluated through current–voltage and current–transient measurements under varying light intensities and wavelengths. PEDOT films synthesized at 10 W exhibit superior photodetector performance, with maximum responsivity and detectivity of 0.0975 A W ⁻¹ and 1.65 × 10 ¹ ⁰ cm Hz 0.5 W ⁻¹ at 900 nm, and a noise‐equivalent power of 5.38 × 10 ⁻ ¹ ² W Hz ⁻ ¹ / ² . Maximum external quantum efficiency is recorded as 23.975% at 450 nm. These results emphasize the suitability of low‐power PEDOT films for optoelectronic applications due to their superior morphology and optoelectronic characteristics.

To reveal the functional properties of hazelnut dietary fibers (DFs) in different colonic segments (cecum, proximal, and distal colon), a diet enriched with natural hazelnut, roasted hazelnut, or hazelnut skin DFs was applied to mice for 6 weeks; microbial metabolites, microbial composition, and tissue morphology were determined segmentally using gas chromatography, 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and microscopy, respectively. Roasted hazelnut DFs revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher propionate in the cecum of female mice, while hazelnut skin DFs significantly increased the butyrate level in the distal colon of male counterparts. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed hazelnut DFs promoted the Lactobacillus animalis, L. gasseri, and Akkermansia muciniphila related OTUs, especially in the proximal colon, but the degrees of promotions were hazelnut type‐, segment‐ and sex‐dependent. Interestingly, hazelnut skin DFs significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated Prevotella related OTUs in the distal colon regardless of sex, which is known to have great ability to utilize dietary polysaccharides. Furthermore, hazelnut skin DF group had higher crypt height values, suggesting that hazelnut skin DFs have ability to maintain saccharolytic activity in more distal region of the colon. Overall, our results demonstrate that hazelnut DFs differentially impact microbial metabolite formation, microbiota composition and tissue morphology in different segments of the colon.

In this study, synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of 30 original 5‐methyl/ethylsulfonyl‐2‐(4‐(4‐substituted piperazine/piperidine)acetamido)phenylbenzoxazole derivatives were investigated. The structures of the final compounds were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Then, all the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, C. albicans ATCC 10231, and their drug‐resistant isolates by applying MIC analyses using ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and fluconazole as standards. Microbiological results showed that N17, N18, N20, N25–N28, and N30–N32 exhibited activity against VREF at 32 µg/mL, comparable to ampicillin and vancomycin. The interactions of the compounds on the DNA gyrase enzyme were evaluated by molecular docking (PDB: 4KTN). Using DFT/B3LYP theory and the 6‐311G(d,p) basis set, HOMO–LUMO orbital energies and other electronic characteristics obtained from these energies and MEP analysis were carried out. These results were then correlated with experimental data. Furthermore, computational prediction was performed to predict the in silico ADMET properties of all compounds.

Objectives Tangier disease (TD) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency; involving symptoms of polyneuropathy, hyperplastic orange-yellow tonsils, vision disorder, and sudden cardiac death. The major clinical symptoms of TD may not all be co-present. This study evaluates patients diagnosed with TD in childhood to improve the possibility of early diagnosis of asymptomatic cases by reporting our patients’ clinical characteristics in order to minimize delayed diagnosis and emphasize the importance of TD, easily detected by HDL measurement. Methods This retrospective and cross-sectional study investigated seven patients from three different families diagnosed with TD. Results Four of seven patients were girls. Median age was 5.7 years at symptom onset and 6.5 years at diagnosis. The index case presented with neuropathy findings, and TD was diagnosed based on genetic analysis. Low lipid levels were determined in a sibling and cousins with cardiac death and gait disturbance in the family. TD was confirmed by genetic investigation. Our other patients were evaluated due to anemia, thrombocytopenia, yellow-orange hypertrophy in the tonsils, and organomegaly. Diagnosis was established with genetic analysis and low HDL. No coronary artery disease or ocular involvement was observed in any case. Conclusions All patients presenting with neuropathy and gait disorders should undergo detailed tonsil examinations and HDL tests. Genetic analysis should be carried out if necessary. Family screening should be recommended to patients with consanguineous marriages after diagnosis of TD.

Seed priming and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) may alleviate salt stress effects. We exposed a salt-sensitive variety of melon to salinity following seed priming with NaCl and inoculation with Bacillus. Given the sensitivity of photosystem II (PSII) to salt stress, we utilized dark- and light-adapted chlorophyll fluorescence alongside analysis of leaf stomatal conductance of water vapour (Gsw). Priming increased total seed germination by 15.5% under salt-stress. NaCl priming with Bacillus inoculation (PB) increased total leaf area (LA) by 45% under control and 15% under stress. Under the control condition, priming (P) reduced membrane permeability (RMP) by 36% and PB by 55%, while under stress Bacillus (BS) reduced RMP by 10%. Although Bacillus inoculation (B) and priming (P) treatments did not show significant effects on some PSII efficiency parameters (FV/FM, ABS/RC, PIABS, FM), the BS treatment induced a significantly higher quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and increased Gsw by 159% in the final week of the experiment. The BS treatment reduced electron transport rate per reaction center (ETO/RC) by 10% in comparison to the salt treatment, which showed less reaction centre damage. Bacillus inoculation and seed priming treatment under the stressed condition (PBS) induced an increase in electron transport rate of 40%. Salt stress started to show significant effects on PSII after 12 days, and adversely impacted all morphological and photosynthetic parameters after 22 days. Salt priming and PGPB mitigated the negative impacts of salt stress and may serve as effective tools in future-proofing saline agriculture.

Introduction/Objective Plants and their bioactive compounds play a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry for treating cancer. To date, the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of Hypericum perforatum methanol extract on human thyroid cancer cell lines have not been thoroughly explored. The present study aimed to assess the potential anti-cancer effects of HPME on human thyroid cancer and investigate its potential therapeutic benefits. Methods HPME was prepared using the maceration method, and its antioxidant activity was examined. Cytotoxicity studies were then carried out, followed by an investigation of the possible effects of HPME on metastasis and colony-forming capacities of human thyroid cancer cells. Afterward, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and apoptosis assays were performed. Results Cytotoxicity studies revealed notable cytotoxicity of HPME against the TT cell line. Moreover, HPME significantly curtailed metastasis and invasion of TT cells in an in vitro wound healing assay. Analyses of gene expressions demonstrated an elevation in caspase-12, caspase-3, and Bax, coupled with a reduction in BcL-2, APOE, and CLU expression. Following HPME treatment, there was an increase in the protein expression levels of Bax and Caspase-12, while a decrease in the BcL-2, APOE, and CLU protein expression. Furthermore, apoptotic studies indicated an increase in early apoptosis. Conclusion Overall results revealed that HPME demonstrates a notable antioxidant capacity in human thyroid cancer. It exerts an influence on crucial biological processes associated with cancer, indicating its potential to hinder the proliferation of human thyroid cancer cells by enhancing apoptosis through the upregulation of gene and protein expression, particularly involving caspases.

Entrepreneurship, which means taking action to do something, is becoming more and more important in the field of Social Sciences every day. There is a need for individuals who are willing to take opportunities, responsible for what they do, able to take risks, and do not hesitate to add new perspectives to the field. This study examines the entrepreneurship levels of the students studying in the department of Translation and Interpreting at Selçuk University in terms of personal and social variables. The personal and social variables taken into consideration in this study give an insight about what a successful translator-to-be and/or an interpreter-to-be should be like. The research is conducted by taking into consideration the junior and senior students of the department. In order to examine the entrepreneurship levels of the students, a 51-item measurement tool named "Entrepreneurship Scale for Students of Foreign Languages" is used, and some additional information about the students' personal and social characteristics are collected in the research. The study finds that there is no significant difference in the entrepreneurship levels of the students studying in the department of translation and interpreting at Selçuk University when other variables are taken into account, except for the gender variable. When the gender variable is analyzed, it is noteworthy that a significant difference in entrepreneurship levels has been detected between male and female students: female students are more entrepreneurial than male students. The reason why female students are more entrepreneurial than male students may be related to the fact that women tend to be more intuitive and self-regulated, which are still found to be some of the most important factors for university students' entrepreneurial activities.

Purpose To determine whether body awareness and upper extremity functionality are affected in patients with or without lymphedema development after breast cancer surgery (BCS) in comparison with individuals without a history of cancer. Methods The study included a total of 102 individuals, including 34 who developed lymphedema after BCS (mean age: 43.88 ± 12.13 years), 34 who did not develop lymphedema after BCS (age: 44.67 ± 11.20 years), and 34 without a history of any cancer surgery (age: 45.41 ± 12.13 years). The participants’ demographic data were recorded. Body awareness was evaluated using the Body Awareness Questionnaire, and upper extremity functionality was evaluated using the Quick-Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Results The demographic data of the groups were similar (p > 0.05). While there were differences between the BCS groups in terms of operative time (p < 0.001) and operated breast (p = 0.001), the number of lymph nodes dissected and the type of surgery performed were homogeneously distributed (p > 0.05). Body awareness and upper extremity functionality were significantly lower in the lymphedema group than in the BCS group without lymphedema and the control group (p = 0.021 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The development of upper extremity lymphedema after BCS adversely affects both body awareness and upper extremity functionality.

To investigate the validity and reliability of the Londrina ADL Protocol in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The study included 39 individuals with SSc and 30 healthy participants aged 18-70 years. Performance-related ADL assessment was performed with the Londrina ADL Protocol which was performed twice by the same rater and energy expenditure during the test with the Dynaport Move Monitor device. Functional capacity (6 Minute Walk Test-6MWT), upper extremity muscle strength (hand-held dynamometer), hand and finger grip strength (hand dynamometer and pinch meter), upper extremity functionality (Q-Dash Questionnaire and 9 Hole Peg Test), self-reported ADL (Milliken ADL Scale (MAS)) and quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) were evaluated. Upper extremity muscle strength, functional capacity, upper extremity functionality, and quality of life of individuals with SSc were found to be significantly lower and the time spent by individuals with SSc in the Londrina ADL Protocol was lower and the time spent by individuals with SSc in the Londrina ADL Protocol was significantly longer compared to the healthy group (p<0.05). Performance in the the Londrina ADL had high intraclass correlation coefficient ICC=0.813. A moderate negative correlation was found between the time to complete the Londrina Protocol and 6MWT (p<0.05), and a weak negative correlation was found between dominant side hand grip strength (p<0.05) and MAS (p<0.05) in individuals with SSc. A moderate positive correlation was found between the Londrina Protocol and the 9-Hole Peg Test for the dominant side (p<0.05). The Londrina Protocol is a valid and reliable method, hence, this makes it appropriate for an objective, performance-based evaluation of ADL in SSc population. Key Points • The results obtained by reapplication the Londrina ADL Protocol under the same conditions showed that the Londrina ADL Protocol is a highly reliable assessment method in scleroderma patients. • Considering the activities and protocol content of the Londrina ADL Protocol, it is thought to show functional performance better than the Glittre ADL test and 6MWT. • The Londrina ADL Protocol is appropriate for objective and performance-based assessment of ADL in the SSc population for both research and clinical practice.

Gastrointestinal diseases in children and adolescents lead to a considerable impairment of the quality of life of children and parents. Accordingly, there are considerable socio-economic consequences for the family and society. Parents concerned about their children may seek alternative treatments and opt for traditional herbal supplements. This study aimed to determine the utilization status and variety of herbal supplements by parents of children with functional gastrointestinal disorders. 216 study participants were given a socio-demographic questionnaire, a diagnostic questionnaire based on the ROME-IV criteria and a questionnaire with 20 herb names used in traditional treatments. 33.3% of parents reported using “ginger; Zingiber officinale” for their children who were infants and suffered from infantile regurgitation. The herb most preferred by parents for their children with functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood and adolescence was “spearmint; Mentha spicata” (28.9%). 57.9% of the parents participating in the study stated that they preferred herbal supplements for their children. In addition, 40% of the participants stated that they use the herbs with the advice of the referral. As a result, it has been shown that parents tend to use herbs or herbal supplements, that they need to be educated in the use of these supplements, and that they need access to the right herb and to reliable supplements derived from the right herb. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-024-04733-6.

This article explores perspectives on psychosocial support services at Child Support Centers, one of the social service institutions in Türkiye. The research was conducted with 16 professionals providing a psychosocial support program to victims of abuse and unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. This program provides benefits to both professionals and children, facilitating tailored interventions based on individual needs. Furthermore, the psychosocial support process is influenced by factors such as working conditions, staff qualifications, in-service training, and legal regulations. The findings suggest the need for improved policies in child welfare, increased employment of social workers, and enhanced collaboration between social service organizations in Türkiye.

Background Androgen deprivation is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). In different animal models, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) donors Na 2 SO 3 and NaHSO 3 reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation which contribute to the pathogenesis of androgen deprivation‐induced ED, however the effect of SO 2 donors on ED in castrated rats were not known. Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of SO 2 donors, Na 2 SO 3 /NaHSO 3 , on ED in castrated rat model. Materials and methods Sprague–Dawley male rats ( n = 30) were divided into four groups; control, control‐treated with Na 2 SO 3 /NaHSO 3 , castrated, and castrated‐treated with Na 2 SO 3 /NaHSO 3 . Castration was induced by bilateral scrotal incisions. Four weeks after castration, rats were treated with Na 2 SO 3 /NaHSO 3 (0.54/0.18 mmol/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 4 weeks. Intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio (ICP/MAP) and total ICP were measured to evaluate in vivo erectile responses in cavernosal tissue. In vitro relaxant and contractile responses were measured in all groups. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), PI3 kinase p85 alpha + gamma (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT 1/2/3), cysteine dioxygenase‐1 (CDO), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) expressions and localizations were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The smooth muscle/collagen ratio was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining. Results Prostate ( p < 0.001) and penis weight ( p < 0.001), total serum testosterone (T) level ( p < 0.001), and in vivo erectile responses ( p < 0.001 at 7.5 and 5 V, p < 0.05 at 2.5 V for ICP/MAP and total ICP) of castrated rats were decreased compared with control. SO 2 donors improved reduced ICP/MAP ratio and total ICP ( p < 0.01 at 7.5, 5, and 2.5 V for ICP/MAP and total ICP) nitrergic ( p < 0.05 at 20 Hz), and endothelium‐independent relaxation ( p < 0.05 at 1 nM, p < 0.01 at 10 µM and 100 µM) in the castrated group. Decreased eNOS ( p < 0.01) and AKT ( p < 0.001) protein expressions in the castrated group were normalized by SO 2 . SO 2 donors partially restored the reduced smooth muscle/collagen ratio in the castrated group ( p < 0.001). The expressions and locations of nNOS, PI3K, CDO, and AAT proteins in penile tissue did not alter among all groups ( p > 0.05). Discussion and conclusion SO 2 donors significantly improve erectile functions and relaxation responses in a castrated rats via ameliorating endothelial damage and fibrosis. Androgen deprivation inhibits the AKT/eNOS signaling while SO 2 activates this pathway. SO 2 donors may be promising for the treatment of ED in hypoandrogenic men.

Objectives This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on the metabolism of kynurenine and thus contribute to the elucidation of the potential mechanism of cigarette smoking. Methods The study included 82 smokers and 63 nonsmokers who applied to the Family Medicine Polyclinic for routine check-ups. Sociodemographic data, routine laboratory results, Framingham risk scores (FRS), and Fagerström Nicotine Dependence Test (FTND) were recorded. Serum tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid concentrations were measured with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Serum tryptophan levels (p=0.040) were statistically significantly lower in smokers, and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and serum kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid levels were higher (p<0.001). The correlation analysis in the smoker group showed a positive correlation between serum kynurenic acid levels and FTDN. The serum kynurenine levels were positively correlated with the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and FRS. There was a positive correlation between serum quinolinic acid levels and participants’ systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Conclusions Our findings showed that tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway was induced in smokers.

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress sources in world agriculture, and the increasing salinity of soils with the increase in salt in irrigation water limits plant cultivation in many semiarid and arid regions of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus megaterium FC11, B. subtilis FC17, Kocuria erythromyxa EY 43), which are capable of living under stress conditions, on plant growth and nutrition in salty soil conditions in ‘Akça’, ‘Deveci’, ‘Santa Maria’, and ‘Carmen’ pear cultivars grafted on BA29 rootstock. Bacterial applications to saplings were started with planting in February and were applied once a month for four times as irrigation water. Salt applications were started 1 month after planting, and 50 mM NaCl was given with irrigation water twice a week. While vegetative development had the highest values in the control group plants in both years under saline soil conditions, it had the lowest values in saline soils without bacterial application. In pear saplings, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, plant and root dry weights were negatively affected by salt application. However, it was observed that plants could tolerate these negativities with bacterial applications. The most effective bacterial strain was EY43, followed by FC11 and FC17. As a result, it can be said that the negative effects of salt can be reduced with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria applications in pear species that are sensitive to saline soil conditions.

Introduction Our study aimed to compare the sociodemographic, diagnostic, clinical, and self-report scale data of adults diagnosed with ADHD in childhood/adolescence versus adulthood and to identify risk factors associated with delayed/missed diagnosis for ADHD. Method Sociodemographic, clinical, and diagnostic data of 214 adults with ADHD, followed at the Adult Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic, Selçuk University, between January 2022 and January 2024, were analyzed. The diagnostic evaluations were made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Clinician Version. Clinical data included age, gender, years of education, alcohol/substance use, diagnosis age, and current medication use for ADHD. Data collected from self-report scales included both ADHD-related measurements and comorbidity-related measurements. Results The findings revealed that only 34.4% ( n = 74) of sample received a formal ADHD diagnosis during childhood/adolescence. Adults diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood were older and had higher education levels, more severe ADHD symptoms, and increased maladaptive daydreaming (MD) scores, compared to those diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the severity of MD was associated with being in the group diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood while controlling for other significant parameters from bivariate analyses, such as age, years of education, and current medication use for ADHD. Finally, analyses conducted separately in both groups showed that: (1) increased MD severity was a predictor of higher ADHD symptoms in those diagnosed in adulthood, but not in those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence, and (2) MD severity had a stronger correlation with ADHD symptoms, the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, and symptoms of excessive mind wandering, depression, and anxiety in those diagnosed in adulthood compared to those diagnosed in childhood/adolescence. Conclusion MD may delay ADHD diagnosis until adulthood by masking and compensating ADHD symptoms and delay in referral to mental health professionals, and it might also be a predictive symptom for recognizing ADHD in adults who have never been diagnosed; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of motivational interview-based breastfeeding education on breastfeeding motivation, breastfeeding success, self-efficacy perceptions, and exclusive breastfeeding duration in primiparous mothers after cesarean section. A parallel-group randomized controlled experimental study. Mothers were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; n = 39) and a control group (CG; n = 37). IG was provided with four sessions of motivational interview-based breastfeeding education, while CG did not receive any motivational interview-based education. The research data were collected by using ‘Introductory Information Form’, ‘Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form’, ‘LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool’, ‘The Primipara Breastfeeding Motivation Scale’, and ‘Importance and Confidence-Sufficiency Rulers’. In addition, in the follow-ups except for the pretest, mothers were asked about exclusive breastfeeding. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials database (NCT05562245). Group × time interactions in mothers, breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding success, the value ascribed to breastfeeding, breastfeeding self-effectiveness, and confidence sufficiency in breastfeeding ability were statistically significant (P < 0.05). A motivational interviewing-based breastfeeding education provided to mothers increased their breastfeeding self-efficacy, the value ascribed to breastfeeding, and confidence sufficiency in breastfeeding ability. Therefore, motivational interviewing can contribute to mothers’ positive experience of breastfeeding.

Dairy farmers are grappling with serious business challenges, including rising operational costs, labour shortages, unstable milk prices, changing consumer preferences, long hours with minimal downtime and unstable weather patterns due to climate change impacts. Using a telephone-based representative survey and interviews with 147 Australian dairy farmers conducted in 2023, we employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine the challenges and primary concerns of the participants, as well as to explore potential solutions. Four key variables that contributed significantly to a binary logistic regression model of transition intentions were identified, namely: level of satisfaction with dairy farming, openness to exploring other agricultural alternatives to dairy farming, preference to receive financial and/or other support to remain in the industry and preference to receive financial and/or other support to transition into a different form of farming or business. This model accurately predicted the probability that farmers were considering transitioning away from dairy farming and the probability that they were considering staying in dairy farming. This deepens our understanding of the challenges faced by farmers in the Australian dairy industry, and provides policymakers, industry stakeholders and researchers with critical insights to facilitate transition pathways that will enhance farmers’ future sustainability.