San Jose State University

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Hispanic/Latina women in the USA. Mammography utilization in this group falls below Healthy People 2030 targets. Our study examined (a) breast cancer knowledge and mammography behaviors, and (b) the associations between demographics, acculturation, and breast cancer knowledge with the transtheoretical model (TTM) stages of change related to mammography in this population. Methods: This study used a quantitative design with a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 473 participants recruited via community outreach, social media, and referrals. Results: Participants showed higher acculturation and moderate breast cancer knowledge. Among participants, 66% had regular mammograms, 14.4% never had one, and 19.7% had inconsistent or discontinued screenings. Older participants, non-U.S.-born, primarily Spanish speakers, unmarried, unemployed, less educated, uninsured, without a primary care provider, and with lower acculturation and breast cancer knowledge were more likely to be in the TTM precontemplation/contemplation/preparation stage or exhibit inconsistent screening. Conclusion: Our results identified participants with specific demographics, lower acculturation, and limited breast cancer knowledge as being at higher risk of never receiving or inconsistently obtaining mammograms, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address socio-demographic barriers and increase knowledge. More TTM studies involving Hispanic/Latina women are needed.

The ancestral homeland of the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe is located in the San Francisco Bay Area. The Spanish and Anglo-American colonists degraded the land, negatively impacting species richness and diversity through the suppression of Indigenous burning, land privatization, overgrazing, urbanization, and the introduction of European agricultural and socioeconomic practices, along with non-native species. Despite this, the knowledge of plants traditionally used for food, medicine, ceremonies, and building materials remains intact, rooted in Ohlone traditional ecological knowledge. We conducted a vegetation survey using 30 transects in a riparian corridor within the watershed to understand the current distribution of historic plant resources. We applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s post hoc tests to analyze the distribution of historical resources, as well as native and non-native plant species across various land-use types. Areas with higher levels of anthropogenic land use, pastures, and service roads exhibited the lowest levels of plant biodiversity, traditional plant resources, and native plant presence. In contrast, undisturbed and ecologically restored sections of the corridor demonstrated a greater presence of conventional resources and plant species diversity. The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe can use these results to guide future resource collection and land management decisions, and we advocate for incorporating traditional ecological knowledge into current land management practices.

While the corporate lingua franca mandate aims to facilitate communications among linguistically diverse employees, evidence shows that it creates more problems than it solves, often negatively affecting social integration and knowledge sharing in the workplace. Our study is driven by the phenomenon of high language diversity and low lingua franca proficiency, emerging characteristics of workplaces around the globe given increasing migration. We adopt a mixed-methods, longitudinal design involving participant observations, interviews, social network surveys, and company data. Our analysis revealed the existence and prevalence of an informal language advice network (LAN) in which individuals with varying levels of English proficiency actively engage in voluntary language-related knowledge-seeking and sharing. We found more positive interpersonal interactions and consequences of LAN than typically reported in extant studies. We leverage the social networks and generalized exchange literature to explain the processes and consequences of LAN for individuals and the organization. Management recognition was found to be important for sustaining LAN in a context of high language diversity. Our integrative analytical framework offers a valuable lens for scholarship on future workplaces that are being shaped by rapidly shifting ethnic, cultural, and linguistic demography.

Many streamers aim to sell products using the direct channel of live-streaming video sessions, which brings significant economic value. This study aims to investigate the antecedents of customers’ purchase behavior in live-streaming commerce from both customer and streamer perspectives. Using the data from live-streaming sessions of the top fifty streamers on Douyin, one of the leading live-streaming platforms in China, we conduct regressions to find that customers’ longer watching time of live streaming, as well as streamers’ higher level of product assortment, increases the average purchase value of customers of the live-streaming sessions. Additionally, streamers’ operational strategies, including the three aspects related to channel development, operator configuration, and operations frequency, play an important role in negatively moderating these relationships. Moreover, streamers’ operational efforts, including multi-channel network implementation, multiple live broadcasters’ configuration, and frequent live-streaming session offerings, are worthwhile generating more sales with fewer efforts needed to retain customers’ attention and maintain product variety in the live-streaming sessions. Our findings guide streamers to have a high level of product assortment, retain customers’ attraction for a long time, and use the appropriate operational strategy and efforts to utilize the antecedents of customers’ purchase behavior in the live-streaming context to increase sales.

Calcium carbonate dissolution is the dominant negative feedback in the ocean for neutralizing the acidity from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide. Mimicking this natural process, the accelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) can store carbon as bicarbonate in the ocean for tens of thousands of years. Here, we evaluate the potential of AWL on ships as a carbon sequestration approach. We show a successful prediction of laboratory measurements using a model that includes the most recent calcite dissolution kinetics in seawater. When simulated along a Pacific shipping lane in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean–Darwin ocean–general circulation model, surface alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon increase by <1.4% after 10 years of continuous operation, leaving a small pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide impact to the ocean while reducing 50% carbon dioxide emission in maritime transportation.

Recommendations are presented regarding the composition and accessibility of the Facilities for Atmospheric Research and Education (FARE), funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The FARE program broadens access to specialized facilities including research aircraft, advanced instrumentation, laboratories, and field support services to enable observationally focused atmospheric research. The FARE program includes the long-established Lower Atmosphere Observing Facilities (LAOF) and the more recent Community Instruments and Facilities (CIF). The recommendations presented herein result from a 2023 NSF-sponsored FARE Users Workshop that addressed FARE’s accessibility and future.

There is a tension in dynamic language runtime design between speed and correctness. State-of-the-art JIT compilation, the result of enormous industrial investment and significant research, achieves heroic speedups at the cost of complexity. This complexity leads to subtle and sometimes catastrophic correctness bugs. Much of this complexity comes from the existence of multiple tiers and the need to maintain correspondence between these separate definitions of the language’s semantics; it also comes from the indirect nature of the semantics implicitly encoded in a compiler backend. One way to address this complexity is to automatically derive, as much as possible, the compiled code from a single source-of-truth, such as the interpreter tier. In this work, we introduce a partial evaluator that can compile a whole guest-language function ahead-of-time, without tracing or profiling, “for free.” This transform unrolls an interpreter function expressed in a standard compiler intermediate representation (static single assignment or SSA) and uses partial evaluation of the interpreter function and its regular control flow to drive the guest-language compilation. The effect of this is that the transform is applicable to almost unmodified existing interpreters in systems languages such as C or C++, producing ahead-of-time guest-language compilers. We show the effectiveness of this new tool by applying it to the interpreter tier of an existing industrial JavaScript engine, SpiderMonkey, yielding 2.17× speedups, and the PUC-Rio Lua interpreter, yielding 1.84× speedups. Finally, we outline an approach to carry this work further, deriving more of the capabilities of a JIT backend from first principles while retaining correctness.

Within the health professions, systems of oppression discretize the world into factors and determinants. Nursing institutions are rife with contradictions and still our many forms of connection and resistance endure. This dialogue captures 2 h spent among nurse educators and scholar colleagues. Generally, our time together has defied task and deliverable‐oriented agendas and, instead, has invited the power of counter‐storytelling, strategizing, and support. The experiences we share are not only manifestations of power dynamics in nursing but also made possible through trust we continue to build among each other while navigating the labyrinth of struggling for social justice in and through nursing. We create paths for ourselves and each other while keeping future generations of nursing students and nurses as our north star.

This chapter examines the relationship and interactions among points of voice, listening, and hearing (particularly with respect to nuances between listening and hearing). In a patriarchal cinematic system such as New Iranian Cinema where women have a subordinate status and where the cinematic representations of their bodies are tethered to cultural norms such as the aforementioned modesty rules, it is important to examine the ways in which voice, listening, and hearing may seem to offer moments of resistance but are ultimately recuperated into dominant representational modes of feminine subordination. The chapter investigates the presentational and non-presentational elements of the soundtrack and their interactions with visual elements in the early films of New Iranian Cinema (early 1980s) to address the repression of women within this cinematic movement. Mladen Dolar’s description of the act of listening, Michel Chion’s analysis of locating voice on- and off-screen space as well as the notion of acousmatic voice, and Julia Kristeva’s exploration of abjection frame the main arguments of the investigation. The chapter also suggests a modification to Michel Chion’s concept of the acousmatic voice.

This chapter reviews the significant societal and cultural transformations that occurred following the Iranian revolution and their subsequent influence on cinematic culture. It introduces and elucidates the concept of the “veiled voice,” a notion that aligns with the modesty regulations established in the early postrevolutionary period to control the portrayal of genders and their interactions both on-screen and off-screen. By examining the cinematic depictions of women within these modesty frameworks, the chapter explores how these regulations have shaped gender representation in Iranian cinema. It also addresses the scholarly research conducted on the portrayal of women in Iranian films, highlighting key findings and gaps in the scholarly literature. In addition, the chapter underscores the paucity of academic studies focused specifically on gendered voices in Iranian cinema. It discusses existing research on voices within the filmic world, exploring their association with gender roles and how these roles are constructed and conveyed through cinematic techniques and narratives. The chapter proposes a psychoanalytic reading of Iranian culture, a central theoretical framework for this research. It examines how psychoanalytic theory can be applied to understand Iranian cinema and proposes ways to decolonize this theoretical approach, making it more applicable and sensitive to the unique cultural context of Iran. In summary, this chapter sets the stage for the book’s exploration of gender and voice in Iranian cinema, providing a comprehensive overview of the cultural and cinematic shifts postrevolution and offering a critical lens through which to analyze these changes.

After establishing the postrevolutionary “modesty laws” to regulate the representation of women and gender interactions in 1983, some films in the mid-1990s adopt embodiment strategies alongside spatial strategies, occasionally oscillating between these approaches, in order to portray women’s voices while challenging the modesty codes. The imposition of what is essentially a veiled voice prohibits singing and emotional expressions. As a result, this insistence on bodily concealment is not only about seduction or what Mladen Dolar has discussed in terms of voice as a fetish object but also related to the suppression of individuality and uniqueness of vocal expression. As such, any kind of vocal expression that emphasizes women’s bodies and their individuality is controlled and forbidden, while male voices can venture freely within the realm of body, language, and even beyond language. In my argument, using Lacan’s description of “objet a” and Dolar’s distinction of voice as aesthetic pleasure in singing versus as an object cause of desire, I discuss how women’s voices appeared in the assumed domain of the masculine voice as a source of aesthetic admiration and desire which actually evaded censorship.

This chapter examines the concept of silence as it manifests in various cinematic contexts. It specifically analyzes the emergence of vocal expression at different stages of New Iranian Cinema, with a focus on women’s voices. The discussion explores how silence evolves into an unspoken yet powerful presence, functioning as the object cause of desire. Tracing the historical development of vocal absence in postrevolutionary cinema, the chapter follows the transformation of the female voice—from enforced silence to resistance, then to the object voice, and ultimately to a commanding force that disrupts the symbolic phallus. Finally, the chapter concludes by summarizing key findings from the book, reflecting on the important points of the investigations and their implications.

While the previous chapters explore the cinematic languages constructed through male subjectivity, this chapter focuses mainly on the women’s voice in films directed by women. The chapter focuses on the work of women filmmakers who challenge patriarchal control over women’s bodies, agency, and individuality by depicting men as the “other” and questioning the misogynistic culture. Examining women’s voices and their sonic presence, I scrutinize the representation of genders and their interactions. The voices in these films challenge the restrictions imposed on women after the revolution, such as mandatory veiling, gender segregation, and hierarchical gender roles in Iran. An examination of the voice’s position and its absence will be presented alongside diegetic and non-diegetic auditory perception and how voice and listening disrupt the confines of the patriarchy.

An excipient present in commercial formulations of fumagillin (an antibiotic used in apiculture for the control of Nosema disease) toxic dicyclohexylamine is found in beeswax samples. There is a need for a reliable analytical method without the use of MS for analysis of this compound. A reversed‐phase gradient method was developed for the analysis using a simple extraction procedure followed by low temperature elimination of interfering compounds. Since dicyclohexylamine is lacking a chromophore, an evaporative light scatter detector was used in this analysis. Several challenges of quantitative analysis using an evaporative light scatter detector were addressed. The reported method was validated, robust, sensitive at levels to ensure product safety, accurate, and precise.

Resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) is a powerful technique for probing both spatial and electronic structures within solid-state systems. We present a newly developed RSXS capability at beamline 13-3 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, designed to enhance materials science research. This advanced setup achieves a base sample temperature as low as 9.8 K combined with extensive angular motions (azimuthal ϕ and flipping χ), enabling comprehensive exploration of reciprocal space. Two types of detectors—an Au/GaAsP Schottky photodiode and a charge-coupled device detector with over 95% quantum efficiency—are integrated to effectively capture scattered photons. Extensive testing has confirmed the enhanced functionality of this RSXS setup, including its temperature and angular performance. The versatility and effectiveness of the system have been demonstrated through studies of various materials, including superlattice heterostructures and high-temperature superconductors.

California's Imperial Valley, with lithium-rich geothermal brines, extensive flat agricultural fields with abundant desert sunshine, and access to transmission lines, is a leading case to explore interconnected themes around just energy transitions. Despite being the poorest county in California and one of the smallest, Imperial already provides 15% of the state’s solar electricity, and the region as a whole represents on the order of 25% of the state’s electric power capacity. This paper brings to light frictions over solar energy development that have emerged over the history of solar power development in the southern Salton Sea region. It describes the history of solar development in the county and contextualizes in the broader hydrosocial territory and political economy, including how energy development patterns in the region are connected to regional and global energy markets. The analysis is based on analysis of media and news articles, public comments to official proceedings, hearings to environmental review or similar processes, and interviews, and involves a case study tracked closely since 2008. The findings show how social resistance to solar projects can result in better land use outcomes, but also points to different types of hydrosocial reconfigurations and environmental justice issues facing rural communities within and beyond the region. In the arid western United States, solar energy development is mediated by disputes over of Colorado River water, tribal sovereignty and cultural resources, raising questions about how new enterprises can finance ecological restoration of the degraded Salton Sea.

Previously known as Domaaki in the literature, Dawoodi is a severely endangered language spoken in two villages in Pakistan’s northernmost Gilgit-Baltistan Province. Each village is home to a separate dialect, one in Hunza Valley and the other in Nagar Valley, though the two are mutually intelligible. Dawoodi belongs to the central zone of the Indic branch of the Indo-Iranian language family and is believed to be a close relative of Romani and Domari. Due to negative attitudes and pressure from regional languages, language shift is well underway. It is estimated today that there are only four or five dozen speakers of the Hunza dialect and roughly a dozen speakers of the Nagar dialect. This article provides an overview of the language, its history, sociolinguistic situation, and grammar. The latter, based on the analysis of natural discourse data from dozens of speakers, sheds greater light on the lexicon, phonology, morphology and syntax of this little-known language.