Sakarya University

The borate glasses 75B2O3–5ZnO–5Nb2O5–10BaO–(5–x–y)PbO–x[Eu2O3] + y(Yb2O3), where x = 0, 1, 2, and y = 2, 3 mol.%, were prepared using the melt-quench process in this study. The influence of the Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 on the glass system’s physical, optical, and radiation interaction features were investigated following series of experimental, simulation, and standard theoretically procedures. The minimum and maximum density of 3.16 g/cm³ and 3.21 g/cm³ were obtained for glass sample having 2 and 0 mol.% of PbO, respectively. The increase in the Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 concentrations directly led to an increase in the molar volume of the glass system from 31.19 to 32.42 cm³/mol. A decrease in the concentration of PbO relative to Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 in the glass samples resulted in the decrement of the optical absorption of the glass matrix in the UV–VIS region. There mass attenuation coefficients of the glasses slightly increased with density for 15 keV–15 MeV gamma-rays. The present glasses generally had values of effective atomic number between 10.39 and 48. The glasses investigated in the present showed better gamma-ray absorption and fast neutron moderation abilities than many previously investigated and standard shielding materials. The borate glass sample of Y3E2-Pb0 can be adopted as effective transparent ionizing radiation absorbers.

The thermal superiority of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) over conventional heat transfer fluid has led to growing interest in their applications. This new type of nanofluid can be customized for cooling systems, heat exchangers, and electronic cooling by carefully selecting nanoparticle types and their volume fraction. Hence, this study seeks to investigate the Heimenz flow in a Williamson THNF over a sheet that stretches or shrinks. The fundamental objective is to assess the effect of the stretching/shrinking parameter, the Weissenberg number , and the nanoparticle volume fraction on the physical quantities and flow profiles. Besides, attention is also given to the occurrences of multiple solutions in this fluid flow situation. By employing a similarity transformation, the governing equations are modified as a simpler form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Next, the numerical method is put to use to solve the resulting ODEs system, specifically the bvp4c solver in MATLAB. Significant changes in heat transmission occur due to variations in the Weissenberg number and volume fractions of nanoparticles, particularly when the sheet starts to shrink. The escalating Weissenberg number correlates with growing critical values of the stretching/shrinking parameter, suggesting that both parameters help to hold off the detachment of the boundary layer. These findings emphasize the capacity of THNFs to improve heat transfer performance in numerous applications. This study also reveals that while stretching sheets often have unique solutions,

This study aims to identify factors predicting recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in cN+ patients who have undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The retrospective multi-centre “MF18-02” and the prospective multi-centre cohort registry trial “MF18-03” (NCT04250129) included patients with cT1-4N1-3M0 with SLNB+/− axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) post-NAC. A total of 2407 cN+ patients, who later achieved cN0 status after NAC and subsequently underwent SLNB, were studied. The majority had cT1-2 (79.1%) and N1 (80.7%). After a median follow-up time of 41 months, the rates of locoregional recurrence and axillary recurrence (AR) were 1.83% and 0.37%, respectively. No significant difference in locoregional recurrence or AR rates was observed between the SLNB/targeted axillary dissection-only (n = 1470) and ALND (n = 937) groups. Factors significantly linked with AR included age younger than 45 years, nonpathological complete response (non-pCR) in the breast, and nonluminal pathology. Locoregional recurrences were associated with nonluminal or HER2(+) pathology, non-pCR in the breast, and ALND. Poor prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) included having cT3-T4, no breast pCR (non-pCR), ypN(+), and nonluminal pathology. No significant difference was found in DFS or disease-specific survival (DSS) rates among ypN0, ypN-isolated tumour cells, ypNmic, and ypN1. However, significant decreases in DFS and DSS rates were observed when comparing ypN2 or ypN3 disease with ypN0. The present large registry data indicate that younger patients (<45), those with nonluminal pathology, and those who only partially respond in the breast are more susceptible to axillary and locoregional recurrences.

The present work examines the tribological characteristics of cast aluminium–silicon matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Gr). The metal matrix composite samples were manufactured using stir and squeeze casting techniques, employing an Al–Si matrix alloy and integrating particulate SiC and varying quantities of graphite particles. To investigate the impact of varying amounts of graphite on the Al/SiC composite, graphite particles were included at volumetric proportions of 5, 7.5 and 10%. Before being integrated into the matrix, Cu-coating was employed on graphite particles using electroless coating to enhance the adhesion with the matrix composition. Tribological experiments were conducted on Al/SiC and the Al/SiC/Gr composites using a pin-on-disc tribometer apparatus. Al–SiC and Al/SiC/Gr samples were specifically engineered and employed as a pin, while AISI 8620 steel was utilized as a disc. Adding graphite particles to the Al/SiC composite decreased the amount of wear and friction. The utilization of hybrid Al/SiC/Gr composites resulted in the creation of tribo-layers during sliding, hence minimizing the occurrence of grooves, plowing and smearing.

Fahr’s disease is defined as the accumulation of bilateral idiopathic calcification in the basal ganglia, dentate nucleus, and centrum semiovale. The coexistence of Fahr’s disease and intracranial tumors is extremely rare, with only five cases documented in the literature. This study aimed to present a rare case, discussing both similarities and differences with previously reported cases. A 70-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with a progressive headache over the past month. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intravenous contrast was performed for further evaluation. Bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, and dentate nuclei showed calcifications consistent with Fahr’s disease. After excluding toxic, infectious, and endocrine causes of calcification, the patient was diagnosed with Fahr’s disease. Magnetic resonance imaging also revealed a midline localized, irregularly contoured, and heterogeneously intense mass with contrast enhancement at the centrum semiovale level, accompanied by peripheral edema. Radiologically, the mass resembled a high-grade glioma or metastasis, and the presence of a lipid peak further suggested metastasis. Based on radiological findings, the patient was diagnosed with brain metastasis of breast carcinoma. The patient received chemotherapy for metastasis, which resulted in substantial regression of the mass. In patients with known Fahr’s disease, new-onset headaches and related symptoms should warrant evaluation for possible brain tumors. In these cases, imaging findings should be assessed along with physical examination findings and the patient’s medical history to support the diagnostic process.

The objective of this research is to explore the potential of utilizing renewable energy ships (RES) as a sustainable alternative and reducing the need for marine diesel oil (MDO) within the shipping industry. The current work concentrates on increasing the thermal performance in RES via the utilization of nanofluids (NFs) that contain a mixture of the base water fluid and single titania or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy generation (EG) minimization and Eyring–Powell fluid model in parabolic trough solar collectors with Lorentz forces is employed for RES. Moreover, the results indicate that the skin friction coefficient (SFC) and local Nusselt number (LNN) supplements resulted in an increase of approximately 1.02% and 0.04% for the stable solutions (SBES), which can be attributed to the greater concentration of the titania NPs. Meanwhile, for the case of unstable solutions (USBES), the enhancement was observed up to 1.38% and 0.31%, respectively. Also, the solar radiation parameter played an important role in enhancing the LNN, resulting in an increase of approximately 5.8% and 4.35% for SBES and USBES, respectively. This article provides vital contributions to the sector of sustainable transportation by giving valuable information on the construction and improvement of thermal solar energy technologies.

While aiming for economic growth, environmental pollution is often ignored. Obtaining energy demand, one of the most critical factors for economic growth, from clean energy sources supports green growth. Policymakers attach importance to environmental policies to achieve green growth. On the one hand, high taxes are applied to polluting resources; on the other hand, subsidies are given to clean energy resources, and tax exemptions are applied. This study examines the effects of economic growth, environmental policy stringency, and renewable energy consumption on environmental sustainability in eight high-income countries from 1990 to 2020. In this study, a robust econometric methodology was applied. The study utilized the cointegration tests of Westerlund (Westerlund, Oxford Bull Econ Stat 69:709–748, 2007) and Westerlund and Edgerton (Westerlund and Edgerton, Oxford Bull Econ Stat 70:665–704, 2008). Long-term parameter estimates were obtained using the AMG and CCE estimators. Finally, the causality analysis was performed using the Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (Emirmahmutoglu and Kose, Econ Model 28:870–876, 2011) test. According to the study results, economic growth reduces environmental quality in all other countries and panel except Sweden. While renewable energy consumption increases environmental quality in the UK, it reduces it in China. In Denmark and South Korea, environmental policy stringency improves environmental quality. According to the causality results, there is a unidirectional causality from economic growth to environmental quality in China, Japan, South Africa, Sweden, and the UK, and from renewable energy to environmental quality in Japan and South Africa. Policy interventions to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation are imperative. In this context, encouraging renewable energy investments through subsidies and tax incentives may be effective. Graphical abstract

A 2-D steady-state laminar natural convective flow due to buoyancy force around a concentric adiabatic cylinder placed inside a porous trapezoidal enclosure was analyzed numerically. The slanted solid boundaries of the trapezium were subjected to a fixed cold temperature (Tc), while the base of the model experienced a hot fixed temperature (Th) and its upper wall was insulated thermally. The relevant dimensionless transport equations were solved using the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. Computations were performed for $Pr=0.71-1000, Da=1{0}^{-5}-1{0}^{-2}$, $Ra=1{0}^{2}-1{0}^{6}$, and cylinder aspect ratio, $AR=1.0-4.0$. Isothermal and stream function plots were used to present the temperature and velocity profiles in the domain. Local and average values of the Nusselt number were used to assess the heat transfer rates from the base wall of the model. Furthermore, the vertical mid-plane velocity in the enclosure was also assessed. The analysis shows that the range of Darcy and Rayleigh numbers investigated resulted in heat transport enhancement. Furthermore, the average Nusselt number was enhanced for $1{0}^{-3}\le Da\le 1{0}^{-2}$ and $0.7\le Pr\le 100$. However, for $Pr>100$, heat transfer became independent of the nature of the working fluid used and for this range of Darcy number, cylinder size increase yielded heat transfer benefits for $Ra= 1{0}^{6}$. This research finds applications in drying technology, nuclear reactors, and the design of aero and automotive engines.

Objectives This study sought to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography (USG) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the visibility of periodontal defects. Materials and methods We created 37 periodontal defects (dehiscence and fenestration) in fresh sheep mandibles. Two dentomaxillofacial radiologists assessed the CBCT and ultrasonographic images for the presence of defects. Kappa statistics was used for evaluating the inter- and intra-observer agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each radiographic technique were calculated. Results Interobserver evaluations revealed moderate and good agreement for USG and very good agreement for CBCT in visibility of dehiscences and fenestrations. It has been determined that USG and CBCT have similar sensitivity and specificity values. Conclusions USG can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to CBCT in the evaluation of periodontal defects. Clinical relevance This study has shown that USG can be an alternative diagnostic method to CBCT in imaging dehiscence and fenestration in the alveolar bone, which is the hard tissue component of the jaws. In addition to clinical probing, USG, which is a radiation-free imaging method, can be used to provide additional information in the visibility of defects. Such studies will increase the experience and knowledge of physicians and will allow USG to take a greater place in dental practice.

This paper aims to reveal a teacher’s actions to participate in a teaching experiment that supports collective argumentation in teaching triangles at the high school level and to present a teachers’ participation in collective argumentation framework. The theoretical perspective adopted in this study is Krummheuer’s (1995) collective argumentation perspective. The participants were 18 volunteer high school students and their mathematics teacher, who conducted the teaching experiment as a teacher-researcher. Data were obtained from video records of the collective argumentation process that took place in the teaching of triangles in 24 lessons over three weeks. Transcriptions of the video records and screenshots of students’ work were analyzed first using a Toulmin argumentation diagram and then analyzed to determine teacher participation. The findings of the study presented the framework of teachers’ participation in collective argumentation, which comprised six categories including teacher actions: (1) Presenting a direct argumentation component, (2) Encouraging students to present an argumentation component, (3) Moderating the argumentation, (4) Making clearer, (5) Actions in mathematical processes, and (6) Initiating and maintaining the norms that support argumentation. This framework contributes to the existing literature by focusing on both the teachers’ participation and actions to support the collective argumentation process in long-term teaching.

The thermal conductivity of nanofluids (NFs) has emerged as a critical area of research due to its potential to enhance heat transfer in various industrial applications. Non-Newtonian NFs, in particular, exhibit unique flow characteristics under the influence of magnetic fields, making them suitable for systems requiring precise control of fluid dynamics, such as cooling systems in electronics and energy sectors. Owing to its usage, this article presents the magneto-Marangoni convective flow for fluid (phase-I), particle (phase-II), and propagation in tangent hyperbolic NF (copper–ethanol) containing maximum cell swimming speed. This study aims to evaluate the thermal conductivity of magnetized non-Newtonian NFs mixed with dusty particles in the presence of thermal radiation, exploring how magnetic fields and particle interactions affect overall thermal performance. The Gegenbauer wavelet collocation-based scheme was utilized to solve the model and investigate physical attributes such as plate friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and mass flux. The results indicate that the species reaction field is increased by activation energy, whereas it is reduced by chemical reaction. Also, increasing values of thermal radiation tend to improve the heat distribution.

We aimed to analyse the efficiency scores of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries in achieving sustainable development through the regulatory impact analysis. We employed the data envelopment analysis method based on an output-oriented approach to reach the aim. The main result indicated that most countries reached low efficiency scores; on the contrary, the United Kingdom was the only country with a maximum efficiency score due to the significant improvements associated with the regulatory impact analysis in supporting sustainable development since the 1990s. We also specifically compared the situations of the best- and worst-performing countries. Therefore, we improved some policy recommendations for how the worst-performed countries could increase their efficiency levels. The study’s originality is that it is a scarce empirical study focusing on the achievements of OECD countries through efficiency scores by concerning the RIA implementations in supporting SD.

ChatGPT is one of the most popular artificial intelligence tools today. The number of users is increasing rapidly every day. ChatGPT, which is used in many fields for different purposes, has the potential to revolutionise the field of education and health. The study aims of the study is to investigate the learning experiences and expectations of midwifery students who use ChatGPT in their theoretical and clinical education. This study was conducted through an interpretive paradigm based on Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology, a qualitative research method. In the study, the maximum diversity sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods, was used. One‐to‐one in‐depth interviews were conducted with a total of 17 midwifery students. The study data were collected through a three‐part interview form. The data obtained were analysed with the MAXQDA program. As a result of the data analysis, three main themes and seven sub‐themes were identified. The main themes are The Role of ChatGPT in Midwifery Education, The Effect of ChatGPT on Student Development and Concerns about the Use of ChatGPT. Midwifery students use ChatGPT for various purposes in theoretical and clinical courses. Although students are satisfied that artificial intelligence tools save time and make learning practical, students have some concerns about ChatGPT.

Background The incidence of Hepatitis A is increasing worldwide. Yearly classification of Hepatitis A Seroprevalence for different times in different regions of Türkiye allows indirect measurement of year-specific incidence rates of HAV infection and can be considered the best way to define Hepatitis A status. This study aimed to examine the change in the incidence of hepatitis A by systematically evaluating the available data on the seroprevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in the Turkish population. Methods Studies published between First January, 2000- 31 December 2023 that meet the inclusion criteria searched between 16.09.2023 and 31.01.2024 in nine databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Eric, CINAHL Complate, TR DİZİN, TÜBİTAK Ulakbim). Independently by two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts with consensus-based decision making. The Joanna Briggs Institution (JBI) Analytical Cross Sectional Studies and Prevelance Studies list were used in this study. Pooled prevalence was calculated using 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochrane’s Q and I2. The random effect model was selected by Cochrane’s Q and I2. Funnel plots were used for publication bias. The data were analyzed via Jamovi 1.2.22. Results Data were extracted from 63 studies. Pooled prevalence was calculated using 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots were used for publication bias. In this meta-analysis, data were obtained from all geographical regions of Türkiye, and the general prevalence of Hepatitis A in the population was found to be 53% [95% CI 0.47, 0.59; I2 = 99.94%]. In subgroup analysis conducted by year, the prevalence of hepatitis A was 45% [95% CI 0.22, 0.67; I2 = 99.8%] between 2002 and 2006, 52% [95% CI 0.39, 0.65; I2 = 99.54%] between 2007 and 2011, 60% [95% CI 0.49, 0.70; I2 = 99.9%] between 2012 and 2016, and 51% [95% CI 0.41, 0.61; I2 = 99.97%] as of 2017. Additionally, a systematic review revealed that vaccination, socioeconomic status, and sex may also affect HAV seroprevalence. Conclusions HAV seroprevalence in Türkiye; It was observed that it increased between 2002 and 2016 and decreased until today as of 2017. This systematic review provide a comprehensive overview of HAV virus epidemiology and identify key knowledge gaps, contributing crucial information for influencing factors. Trial registration PROSPERO ID = CRD42023464384.

This study investigated a new glass system containing various oxides, namely, V2O5, Bi2O3, B2O3, and PbO, with the aim of understanding their optical properties, gamma attenuation characteristics, and fast neutron moderation abilities. The optical properties were assessed through the refractive index and other parameters such as the reflectance loss (Rloss), optical transmittance (Topt), molar polarizability, molar refractivity, metallization criterion (M), and static dielectric constant. Moreover, through a comprehensive theoretical analysis, the radiation shielding performance of the glass system was determined by computing their gamma and neutron attenuation factors. The PHITS Monte Carlo simulation code and the XCOM program were used to calculate the gamma radiation interaction parameters, while standard theoretical models were adopted for the estimation of neutron cross-sections. It was deduced from the obtained results that, as PbO concentration increased at the expense of V2O5, Rloss decreased. Also, Topt increased with values of 0.6081, 0.6265, and 0.6514 for VBBP1, VBBP2, and VBBP3, respectively. The lowest half value layer (HVL) was observed at the lowest energy for the VBBP3 sample containing the highest PbO content. The synergistic effects arising from the combination of the various oxides offer unique opportunities for tailoring the optical and shielding attributes of the studied glasses to meet the demands of diverse optical, radiation shielding, and technological applications.

Objective: Engaging in excessive digital gaming can detrimentally affect physical and psychological health. This research aimed to examine the relationships between digital game addiction , classroom engagement, sleep deprivation, and mind-wandering and to test the mediating effect of sleep deprivation and mind-wandering on the relationship between digital game addiction and classroom engagement. Method: Employing a relational survey design, data were collected from a convenience sample of 750 Turkish adolescents (295 males, 455 females) aged 13-17 years, using an online cross-sectional survey. All participants were in middle or high school. Results: Digital game use varied; 154 (20.5%) did not play digital games. Among those who played digital games, the highest percentage played 0-1 hour per day, 188 (25.1%). Digital game addiction scores ranged from 7-35 (M = 13.57, SD = 5.90). Digital game addiction, sleep deprivation, and mind-wandering were associated with poorer classroom engagement. Sleep deprivation and mind-wandering mediated the relationship between digital game addiction and classroom engagement. Conclusion: The relationship between digital game addiction and classroom engagement appears to be at least partly explained by sleep deprivation and mind-wandering. Future research should investigate these variables across different age groups of adolescents, employing both qualitative approaches and longitudinal quantitative methods. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic (1) Digital game addiction is significantly associated with poorer classroom engagement. (2) Sleep deprivation and mind-wandering have been identified as significant predictors of classroom engagement. (3) The mechanisms driving the relationships between digital game addiction, sleep deprivation , mind-wandering, and classroom engagement remain less understood. What this topic adds (1) High levels of digital game addiction were associated with greater sleep deprivation and mind wandering, which in turn was associated with lower classroom engagement. (2) Sleep deprivation and mind wandering mediated the relationship between digital game addiction and classroom engagement. (3) These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing sleep deprivation and mind wandering may be especially beneficial for adolescents who experience poor classroom engagement due to digital game addiction.

The structural, mechanical, optical, magneto-electronic, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties have been studied of the double perovskite (DP) Sr2CrBiO6 at high temperatures by using PBE, mBJ and mBJ + SOC approximations with first-principles calculations. The DP Sr2CrBiO6 exhibits semiconductor traits and ferromagnetic attributes under ambient conditions. Further, different physical aspects have been discussed at elevated pressure and temperature. The material shows a direct band gap of semiconducting behaviour in both channels (spin-up and spin-down). Additionally, it is susceptible to brittleness. The results were acquired by utilising electromagnetic and elastic methodologies. For the study of optical properties, different factors like reflectivity $\:R\left(\omega\:\right)$, index of refraction $\:n\left(\omega\:\right)$, complex dielectric constant $\:\epsilon\:(\omega\:$), absorption coefficient $\:\alpha\:(\omega\:$), and optical conductivity ($\:\sigma\:\left(\omega\:\right)$) are used for a photon energy of up to 30 eV to perceive the optical response. To figure out the lattice thermal conductivity (κL), different mechanical and thermal factors, such as the Debye temperature ($\:{\theta\:}_{D}$), are calculated. Measurements were taken to find out the lattice thermal conductivity (κL/τ), electrical conductivity (σ/τ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and Power factor (PF) at temperatures ranging from 200 K to 1200 K. The specific heat capacity ($\:{C}_{V}$) starts rising gradually from 100 K and reaches at the Dulong-Petit limit of 242 J/mol.K. The DP compound exhibits significant features of a high S and σ/τ, which are in line with its semiconducting properties depending on temperature and pressure via the quasi-harmonic Debye model. As a result, it demonstrates significant potential for utilisation in thermoelectric applications. The double perovskite compound Sr2CrBiO6 has exhibited significant potential for utilisation in optoelectronic devices that operate within the ultraviolet energy range.