Rio de Janeiro State University

Este trabalho analisa a relação entre religião e uso de tabaco entre funcionários públicos de campi universitários no Rio de Janeiro e participantes do Estudo Pró-Saúde em suas ondas 1 (1999, n=4030) e 4 (2012-13, n=2933). Foram utilizados questionários auto-administrados; associações transversais e longitudinais entre as variáveis independente (religião) e dependente (fumar/não fumar) foram estimadas via razões de chances em modelos de regressão logística ajustados para idade, sexo, raça/cor, situação conjugal, frequência religiosa e escolaridade. Foi identificado que respondentes evangélicos pentecostais, em contraste com aqueles de religiões afro-brasileiras, apresentaram menor chance de fumar e de iniciar o uso de tabaco entre as duas ondas da pesquisa. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento sobre as relações entre religião e saúde ao incluir dados longitudinais sobre a transição para o tabagismo e sua cessação e indica a pertinência da investigação do tema em relação a outros hábitos e condições de saúde.

Buildings may use 20% more energy by 2050 as a result of climate change, and energy efficiency is a key component of sustainable development in the construction industry. In this context, the double-skin façade has gained recognition as a design solution with the potential to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings in both hot and cold climates. The purpose of this research is to look at the usage of PSO and GA optimization algorithms in conjunction with EnergyPlus in the evaluation of design parameters of buildings with double façades using computational models. The optimization algorithms operate in the generation of scenarios, considering two climatic zones in Brazil. The tool can potentially assist civil construction designers in productive computing resources, enabling faster, and more assertive decision-making.

This work aims the assessment of the dynamic structural response of reinforced concrete floors subjected to rhythmic human activities, based on the use of biodynamic models, in order to consider the people-structure interaction effect. Initially, an experimental modal analysis on the investigated floor , with dimensions of 16m x 35m, was performed, in order to identify and assess the global dynamic behaviour of the structure. In sequence, a finite element model was developed and calibrated through experimental results. After that, based on forced vibration analyses, the floor dynamic response was determined (displacements and accelerations). It is concluded that the biodynamic systems modelling induced significant attenuations on the structural response when compared to those calculated based on the use of traditional “only force” models.

The construction of high-rise buildings has emerged as a constructive trend worldwide, and excessive vibration problems due to wind actions are becoming increasingly frequent. The Brazilian design standard NBR 6123 recommends that the transfer of wind actions used for structural analysis be carried out based on the pressure coefficients along the building facades for static analyses and considers their non-deterministic dynamic behaviour through a stochastic modelling method of the wind velocity field. To present an alternative approach to this methodology, this study aims to investigate the non-deterministic dynamic structural response of a real reinforced concrete building, considering the soil-structure interaction effect, using the pressure coefficients obtained through different methodologies such as numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), international databases, and the recommendations of the Brazilian standard NBR 6123.

Objective: to analyze the cost-effectiveness and calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of multilayer compressive treatment in relation to inelastic (Unna boot and short stretch) therapy according to the current literature. Method: quantitative study about cost-effectiveness through modeling with the aid of TreeAge® software for construction of the decision tree. The anticipated assumptions were obtained by using secondary literature data to estimate the cost and effectiveness of the assumed parameters. A systematic literature review with meta-analysis was performed for this end. Results: the decision tree after Roll Back showed that the multilayer therapy dominated the alternatives in the base case, representing an intermediate cost per application, although with the highest effectiveness. The cost-effectiveness analysis graph also showed extended dominance of the Unna boot in relation to the short stretch bandage. The sensitivity analysis showed that multilayer bandage remains a more cost-effective alternative, within the threshold of willingness to pay. Conclusion: the most cost-effective alternative was multilayer bandage, considered the gold standard in the literature. The second most cost-effective alternative was the Unna boot, the most used therapy in Brazil.

Objetivo: analizar el costo-efectividad y calcular la relación costoefectividad incremental del tratamiento multicapa compresivo con respecto al inelástico (bota de Unna y estiramiento corto) según la literatura actual. Método: estudio cuantitativo de costo-efectividad a través de un modelo con ayuda del software TreeAge® para la elaboración del árbol de decisión. Los supuestos anunciados se obtuvieron mediante el uso de datos secundarios de la literatura para estimar el costo y la efectividad de los parámetros asumidos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura con metaanálisis. Resultados: el árbol de decisión, después del Roll Back, mostró que la terapia multicapa prevaleció sobre las alternativas en el caso base, presentó un costo intermedio por aplicación, pero obtuvo la mayor efectividad. El gráfico del análisis de costo-efectividad también demostró que había un dominio extendido de la bota de Unna sobre el vendaje de estiramiento corto. El análisis de sensibilidad reveló que el vendaje multicapa sigue siendo la alternativa con mayor costoefectividad, dentro del umbral de disposición a pagar. Conclusión: la alternativa con mayor costo-efectividad fue el vendaje multicapa, considerado estándar de oro en la literatura. La segunda alternativa con mayor costo-efectividad fue la bota de Unna, la terapia más utilizada en Brasil.

Objetivo: analisar a custo-efetividade e calcular a razão de custoefetividade incremental do tratamento compressivo multicamadas em relação ao inelástico (bota de Unna e curto estiramento) de acordo com a literatura atual. Método: estudo quantitativo sobre custo-efetividade por meio de modelagem com auxílio do software TreeAge® para a construção da árvore de decisão. Os pressupostos anunciados foram obtidos pelo uso de dados secundários de literatura para estimativa do custo e efetividade dos parâmetros assumidos. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura com metanálise. Resultados: a árvore de decisão, após Roll Back mostrou que a terapia multicamadas dominou as alternativas no caso-base, representando custo intermediário por aplicação, porém, com a maior efetividade. O gráfico da análise de custo-efetividade também mostrou uma dominância estendida da bota de Unna em relação à bandagem de curto estiramento. A análise de sensibilidade mostrou que a bandagem multicamadas permanece como alternativa mais custo-efetiva, dentro do limiar de disposição para pagar. Conclusão: a alternativa com maior custo-efetividade foi a bandagem multicamadas, considerada padrão ouro na literatura. A segunda alternativa mais custo-efetiva foi a bota de Unna, terapia mais utilizada no Brasil.

In the perspective of Environmental History, this article analyzes the social relations for environmental conservation in time and space of the Serra da Tiririca State Park. The story of the institutionalization of the Park was analyzed by using documental research and interviews. There are positive views, related to political mobilization and social surveillance in the territory management process. Legal and administrative inefficiency determined its precarious institutionalization. For the effective management of the Park, so that the mistakes of the past are not perpetuated, the historical passive has to be contextualized. KEYWORDS: Management; Park; Society and environment relations

Resumen El presente texto investiga los últimos libros de Tamara Kamenszain y su gesto de reescritura de algunos poemas y ensayos de otros libros anteriores para reponer el “yo” o el episodio autobiográfico donde estaba borrado o velado “en una pátina de artificio”. En él se especula sobre las posibles intenciones de esta reescritura, que enlaza poema y ensayo, como un ejercicio de enderezamiento de la pregunta del yo hacia la “vieja crítica literaria/ que despreciaba la vida privada / en aras de una severa/ pureza textualista”, como ella dice en Chicas en tiempos suspendidos. La investigación acaba por llevar a una hipótesis de lectura: ¿se podría decir que esta reescritura sería su “lírica terminal”?

The intellectual production of Luiz Carlos de Freitas is analyzed with the goal of learning the conception of educational quality that he defends. A literature review is adopted, covering papers in educational quality with evaluation policies. The author defends the conception of social quality under the focus of negotiated quality and criticism in contrast to the business conception that emphasizes the reduction of resources and contents, favoring interests of corporations and the meritocracy in education. Keywords Luiz Carlos de Freitas; Educational evaluation; Educational quality; Business quality; Negotiated quality

This text focuses on the process of de-characterization of teacher education by imposing the BNCC on degree courses, reconfiguring educational policies to order processes of control, standardization and centralization. This process was linked to the de-professionalization of teachers and in the deconstruction of their identity, emphasizing their (dis)humanizing character. In dispute for formative conceptions, the culture of evaluation is imposed blaming teachers for the performance of students, while exempt the State from the offer and democratization of schooling. Keywords Right to education; Curriculum standardization; Teacher training; Educational policies

This essay presents the relationship between evaluation in Early Childhood Education and formative evaluation. It starts from the guidelines of official documents produced by the Ministry of Education and from the contributions of researchers who defend more democratic, dialogical, and participatory evaluation processes. The difference is considered powerful for pedagogical practice, as there are several childhoods. The commitment to the principles of social quality expands pedagogical relationships for human formation, not restricting evaluation practices for classification. Keywords Evaluation in Childhood Education; Difference; Social quality

This paper investigates the implicative conditional, a connective intended to describe the logical behavior of an empirically defined class of natural language conditionals, also named implicative conditionals, which excludes concessive and some other conditionals. The implicative conditional strengthens the strict conditional with the possibility of the antecedent and of the contradictory of the consequent. \({p\Rightarrow q}\) is thus defined as \({\lnot } \Diamond {(p \wedge \lnot q) \wedge } \Diamond {p \wedge } \Diamond {\lnot q}\). We explore the logical properties of this conditional in a reflexive normal Kripke semantics, provide an axiomatic system and prove it to be sound and complete for our semantics. The implicative conditional validates transitivity and contraposition, which we take to be integral parts of reasoning and communication. But it only validates restricted versions of strengthening the antecedent, right weakening, simplification, and rational monotonicity. Apparent counterexamples to some of these properties are explained as due to contextual factors. Finally, the implicative conditional avoids the paradoxes of material and strict implication, and validates some connexive principles such as Aristotle’s theses and weak Boethius’ thesis, as well as some highly entrenched principles of conditionals, such as conjunction of consequents, disjunction of antecedents, modus ponens, cautious monotonicity and cut.

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) is commonly used in outdoor applications that expose it to environmental conditions capable of degrading its properties, notably ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, we subjected GFRP to UV radiation for a duration of up to 180 days in an accelerated aging chamber. The composites underwent mechanical testing through tensile and flexural evaluations, while chemical and physical changes in the composite were assessed using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and optical microscopy. Tensile tests revealed a noticeable reduction in GFRP strength after just one month of UV exposure, with a decrease of 18.7% observed at 90 days of exposure. In contrast, the behavior of the composite under flexural testing showed an initial improvement in strength after 30 days of UV exposure, with a significant increase of 54.1%. With longer exposure times, flexural strength gradually decreased but remained 18.9% higher than the strength of the unaged composite after 180 days of UV exposure. Other characterizations indicated material degradation, marked by phenomena such as photo-oxidation, composite yellowing, and the appearance of microcracks on the surface. These factors collectively contribute to the reduction in composite strength. Despite the visible degradation, the aged composite may exhibit improvements attributed to post-curing. However, over more extended periods, it may experience a decline in mechanical properties. Consequently, longer degradation times may unveil a behavior pattern distinct from what is observed during shorter periods, contingent upon the specific mechanical load under consideration.

A study of the Bell-CHSH inequality in gauge field theories is presented. By using the Kugo-Ojima analysis of the BRST charge cohomology in Fock space, the Bell-CHSH inequality is formulated in a manifestly BRST invariant way. The examples of the free four-dimensional Maxwell theory and the Abelian Higgs model are scrutinized. The inequality is probed by using BRST invariant squeezed states, allowing for large Bell-CHSH inequality violations, close to Tsirelson’s bound. An illustrative comparison with the entangled state of two 1/2 1 / 2 spin particles in Quantum Mechanics is provided.

Intensive, large‐scale agriculture promotes the conversion of natural habitats and diversified crops into monocultures, decreasing both native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity, leading to landscape simplification. Yet, a key knowledge gap persists on the relative impacts of the loss of native vegetation and landscape heterogeneity on biodiversity. Addressing this gap is pressing to support policies that conciliate agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and to move forward some scientific controversies, as the ‘land sharing versus land sparing’ and ‘habitat loss versus fragmentation’ debates. Through a hierarchical sampling design that maximised variation, while minimising correlation, between landscape heterogeneity and native vegetation cover, we recorded the occurrence of medium and large‐bodied mammals in native vegetation and agricultural areas of 55 landscapes in a global conservation hotspot and a key commodity production area—the Brazilian Savanna, Cerrado. We compared simple, additive and interactive models to investigate the effects of landscape heterogeneity and native vegetation cover on richness and composition of native and invasive mammals. Native and invasive mammal communities were affected by both native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity, although the effects of the first was stronger than the later. Both aspects had positive effects on native species richness and negative effects on invasive species richness, indicating that the loss of native vegetation and the reduction in landscape heterogeneity lead to biotic homogenisation. Yet, while landscape heterogeneity benefited most native species, the direction of its effect varied among invasive species and depended on native vegetation cover. Synthesis and applications . Besides reducing habitat loss, avoiding landscape homogenisation is key for conciliating agricultural production and biodiversity conservation, pointing to the relevance of policies encouraging crop diversification. As increasing landscape heterogeneity can in part compensate the negative effects of losing native habitat on biodiversity in agroecosystems, policies can gain feasibility by adjusting the balance between native vegetation cover and landscape heterogeneity according to what best suits local restraints and demands.

Purpose To investigate the role of adiposity in the associations between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and head and neck cancer (HNC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods Our study included 450,111 EPIC participants. We used Cox regressions to investigate the associations between the consumption of UPFs and HNC and OAC risk. A mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in these associations. In sensitivity analyses, we investigated accidental death as a negative control outcome. Results During a mean follow-up of 14.13 ± 3.98 years, 910 and 215 participants developed HNC and OAC, respectively. A 10% g/d higher consumption of UPFs was associated with an increased risk of HNC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.34) and OAC (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.47). WHR mediated 5% (95% CI 3–10%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and HNC risk, while BMI and WHR, respectively, mediated 13% (95% CI 6–53%) and 15% (95% CI 8–72%) of the association between the consumption of UPFs and OAC risk. UPF consumption was positively associated with accidental death in the negative control analysis. Conclusions We reaffirmed that higher UPF consumption is associated with greater risk of HNC and OAC in EPIC. The proportion mediated via adiposity was small. Further research is required to investigate other mechanisms that may be at play (if there is indeed any causal effect of UPF consumption on these cancers).

Allergic rhinitis is among the most common chronic diseases in the world. Obesity can lead to a chronic systemic inflammatory process. In this study, we evaluated the effects of body weight on the response to treatment of allergic rhinitis with nasal corticosteroids. Two groups of patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were compared: one composed of obese patients and one composed of normal weight patients. Nasal endoscopy, peak nasal inspiratory flow, quality of life, the VAS, SNOT22, and NOSE-5 questionnaires, and the concentration of nasal cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-ᾳ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10) through nasal brushing were evaluated before and after treatment with 400 mcg/day nasal beclomethasone. No differences were identified between the groups in nasal endoscopy, peak nasal inspiratory flow, the VAS, SNOT22, and NOSE-5 questionnaires, or in the cytokines INF-γ, TNF-ᾳ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 prior to nasal corticosteroid treatment. Both groups showed improvement in the VAS, SNOT-22, and NOSE-5 questionnaires and an increase in peak nasal inspiratory volumes after treatment. In the eutrophic group, there was an increase in INF-γ and IL-5 after treatment. When comparing the variation in cytokines before and after treatment between groups, IL-10 was the cytokine that showed altered behavior dependent on weight. Obesity did not seem to impact nasal symptoms and physiology and presented a similar clinical response to treatment with nasal corticosteroids to normal weight patients. However, obese patients had an impaired anti-inflammatory response during treatment with nasal corticosteroids.