Polytechnic Institute of Santarém

Aim To describe and evaluate the psychometric properties (reliability and construct validity) of the Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Scale‐Bilingual (MHLaSS‐B). Design This is a methodological study designed in a convenience sample of 271 Portuguese and Spanish nursing students who volunteered to participate in the research. Methods The Mental Health Literacy and Stigma Scale‐Bilingual version (Spanish and Portuguese) was used for data collection. MHLaSS‐B intercultural adaptation followed three stages: translation, back‐translation and pilot test and the thinking‐aloud techniques. Content validity was performed by Content Validity Index and Modified Kappa statistic. Construct validity and reliability tests were performed. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analysed using SPSS programs. Ethics committee approval and permission from the institution involved were obtained. Results The MHLaSS‐B has 28 items of one‐factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was 0.702. The cumulative variance explained was 23.14%. Respondents show High literacy and Low Stigma (M = 23.4). Patient or Public Contributions The availability of the MHLaSS‐B allows the general population of Portugal and Spain to have a versatile instrument for assessing stigma and MHL. The MHLaSS‐B presents good psychometric properties, and it can be a useful tool for novice health workers to better understand the aspects they should pay attention to manage MHL and stigma successfully. The MHLaSS‐B is a reliable, adaptable instrument that is now available and it can be used in investigation, teaching and clinical practice.

This research aimed to establish whether 12 weeks of bicycle-riding skills exercises with massed and distributed practice frequency at low and high intensity affect communication performance and stereotyped behavior among adolescent boys with autism. Fifty autistic boys aged 13.3 ± 1.32 years participated in the study. The participants were divided into homogeneous experimental groups (N = 10) with dissimilar training frequencies and intensities, along with a control group. Pre-tests using the GARS-2 test were administered to assess stereotyped behavior and communication skills, followed by post-tests and a one-month follow-up. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis and ANCOVA results at a significance level of 0.05 showed that there was a significant difference in the post-test of stereotyped behavior and communication skills (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and follow-up test one month later (p = 0.003, p = 0.048, respectively) between the intervention and control groups after performing bike riding skills exercises with low and high intensities and frequencies (one and three sessions per week). Regardless of the intensity and frequency, bike riding skills training during the critical period of adolescence can significantly reduce stereotyped behaviors and enhance communication skills, which can also support positive development in other domains for individuals with autism.

Background Endocrine therapy’s effects may hinder the functional performance and quality of life of women with breast cancer. Physical activity can counteract these effects, but this population does not regularly adopt it. This study aimed to test the impact of a 12-week home-based exercise intervention with a supervised component on the functional performance, quality of life, and physical activity of women with breast cancer undergoing endocrine therapy. Methods Twenty-one women were initially randomized. Three participants were missing at random before the intervention started, leaving 18 with breast cancer stage I to III diagnosis, aged 18 to 75 years, receiving endocrine therapy, and reporting low to moderate activity levels. The study comprised a weekly online exercise session and, an exercise booklet intervention, and control group. Functional performance, quality of life, and physical activity were assessed. ANOVAs with repeated measures and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons were conducted. Results High adherence to program was observed (80%). Significant group-by-time interactions, favoring the intervention group, were found for functional performance—sit-to-stand (F = 19.64; P < .001; Eta ² = .55), arm curl (F = 13.01; P = .002; Eta ² = .45), and timed-up-go (F = 12.22; P = .003; Eta ² = .43); quality of life—insomnia (F = 6.05; P = 0.026; Eta ² = .27) and global health status (F = 6.81; P = .020; Eta ² = .31); and total physical activity (F = 5.95; P = .027; Eta ² = .27). Conclusion The findings suggest that home-based exercise programs might be feasible and improve strength and overall mobility. These programs may contribute to increasing physical activity and quality of life of women with breast cancer. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.

This study aimed to examine physical match performance and the effects of opponent ranking and positional differences in both the English Championship League (ECL) and the English Premier League (EPL) over five consecutive seasons. Fifty-four professional outfield soccer players (average age 24.6±5.4 years, weight 76.6±6.9 kg, height 1.79±0.09 m) from an English club were involved. Physical data obtained with the 18 Hz GPS technology tracking system from 213 regular-season matches spanning the complete 2018/19 to 2022/23 seasons were examined. The results showed that, considering the level of the opponent, total distance (TD), high-intensity distance (HSR), and the number of decelerations (DEC) significantly varied in both EPL and ECL (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05 respectively). Additionally, opponent level influenced sprint distances (Spr) and accelerations (ACC) in the EPL (p < 0.05, p < 0.05) but not in the ECL. The highest running metrics were noted when the team played against a high-ranked opponent. Concerning positional roles, more physical metrics were influenced by opponent level in the ECL (centre-backs (TD, ACC), full-backs (TD, DEC), centre midfielders (TD, HSR, Spr, DEC), attacking midfielders (TD, Spr, DEC), centre forwards (TD)) than in the EPL (centre midfielders (TD, HSR, DEC), attacking midfielders (TD, DEC), centre forwards (TD)). These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how players from different positions perform in elite soccer match-play against varying opposition rankings. Coaches may then tailor tactical approaches, positional, and individualized training regimens to address the specific physical demands associated with matches against different-ranked opponents.

The aims of this study were to: compare training loads between the English Premier League (EPL) and English Championship League (ECL) and examine differences between playing positions. Forty-six 1st team players from the same club participated in the study. GPS metrics were obtained during all EPL and ECL training sessions across four consecutive seasons, 2019–20 to 2022–23. The study team was promoted from the ECL at the end of season 2020–21. There was a significant interaction effect between position and league for all GPS metrics (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.001–0.003), except for relative high-speed running (HSR) distance, sprint distance, and sprint efforts (p > 0.05). A significant main effect for league for all GPS metrics (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.001–0.009) was found, with EPL training sessions resulting in greater total distance per minute, HSR distance per minute, high metabolic load distance (HMLD) per minute, number of HML efforts, accelerations, and decelerations per minute compared to training in the ECL (p < 0.001; d = 0.061–0.224). For position, a significant main effect for all GPS metrics (p < 0.001; η 2 = 0.001–0.005) was observed. Centre midfielders covered more distance per minute than all other positions (p < 0.001, d = 0.040–0.167). In conclusion, higher training values in the EPL were evident, except for centre forwards, providing some guidance on the differing positional physical demands that may support coaches and practitioners to design position-specific drills incorporating physical and technical/tactical strategies.

The study aim was to compare the external load during varying microcycles (M1-M4 during pre-season and M5 during the in-season) in elite female Portuguese soccer players and to describe external load variations between differing Ms. Fourteen first-team players participated in the study (age 23.29 ± 3.19 years, weight 59.14 ± 6.87 kg, height 1.66 ± 0.08 m). Load measures included total distance, high-speed running (HSR) distance (≥15 km/h), number of accelerations and decelerations [acceleration 1 (ACC1), >1–2 m/s; acceleration 2 (ACC2), >2–3 m/s; acceleration 3 (ACC3), >3–4 m/s; acceleration 4 (ACC4), >4 m/s] and decelerations [deceleration 1 (DEC1), <1–2 m/s; deceleration 2 (DEC2), <2–3 m/s; deceleration 3 (DEC3), <3–4 m/s; deceleration 4 (DEC4), <4 m/s]. M1 showed higher values of total distance, ACC1, ACC2, ACC3, DEC2, DEC3 and DEC4 than M2 (p = <0.001–0.04), although HSR was higher in M2 (p < 0.001). M2 showed lower values of HSR, ACC1, DEC1, DEC2, DEC3 than M3 (p = 0.001–0.04). M3 reported higher values of total distance, ACC1, ACC2, DEC1, DEC2 than M4 (p = <0.001–0.03), while M4 only found higher values of ACC4 and DEC4 than M5 (both, p = 0.01). The highest values occurred in M3 for the majority of external load metrics (except ACC3, ACC4, and DEC4 which were higher in M4). However, during the transition from M4 to M5, only ACC4 and DEC4 decreased with all other measures maintained, thus supporting the notion to maintain similar loading patterns during official competition.

Purpose Home-based exercise training may improve access to surgical prehabilitation in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but its efficacy remains unclear. This study systematically investigated the effects of home-based exercise prehabilitation on postoperative exercise capacity, complications, length of hospital stay, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in CRC patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing home-based exercise prehabilitation with control in CRC patients were eligible. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus from their inception to June 3, 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, with sensitivity analysis on studies with good methodological quality (PEDro score ≥ 6). Results Eight RCTs involving 1092 participants were included. The primary analysis showed a significant improvement in postoperative 6-min walk distance following home-based exercise prehabilitation compared to control (mean difference (MD) = 30.62: 95% CI: [2.94; 57.79]; low-certainty evidence). However, sensitivity analysis revealed no significant between-group differences (MD = 22.60: 95% CI: [− 6.27; 51.46]). No significant effects of home-based exercise prehabilitation were found on postoperative complications (risk ratio = 1.00: 95% CI: [− 0.78; 1.29]; moderate‐certainty evidence), length of hospital stay (MD = − 0.20: 95% CI: [− 0.65; 0.23]; moderate‐certainty evidence), and HRQoL (physical functioning: MD = 2.62: 95% CI: [− 6.16; 11.39]; mental functioning: MD = 1.35: 95% CI: [− 6.95; 9.65]; low and very-low certainty evidence). Conclusion Home-based exercise prehabilitation does not reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay after CRC surgery. Its effects on postoperative exercise capacity and HRQoL remain uncertain due to low-quality evidence.

Background/objectives: Riding a bicycle is a foundational movement skill that can be acquired at an early age. The most common training bicycle has lateral training wheels (BTW). However, the balance bike (BB) has consistently been regarded as more efficient, as children require less time on this bike to successfully transition to a traditional bike (TB). The reasons for this greater efficiency remain unclear, but it is hypothesized that it is due to the immediate balancing requirements for learners. This study aimed to investigate the reasons why the BB is more efficient than the BTW for learning to cycle on a TB. Methods: We compared the variability of the child-bicycle system throughout the learning process with these two types of training bicycles and after transitioning to the TB. Data were collected during the Learning to Cycle Program, with 23 children (6.00 ± 1.2 years old) included. Participants were divided into two experimental training groups, BB (N = 12) and BTW (N = 11). The angular velocity data of the child-bicycle system were collected by four inertial measurement sensors (IMUs), located on the child's vertex and T2 and the bicycle frame and handlebar, in three time phases: (i) before practice sessions, (ii) immediately after practice sessions, and (iii), two months after practice sessions with the TB. The largest Lyapunov exponents were calculated to assess movement variability. Conclusions: Results supported the hypothesis that the BB affords greater functional variability during practice sessions compared to the BTW, affording more functionally adaptive responses in the learning transition to using a TB.

Biological control agents (BCAs) are beneficial living organisms used in plant protection to control pathogens sustainably. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained attention in biopesticides due to their safety as recognized by the Food and Drug Administration. These bacteria possess antifungal properties, demonstrating inhibitory effects through nutrient competition or the production of antimicrobial metabolites. Numerous Lactobacillus species have shown the ability to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, primarily through acid production. The organic acids secreted by LAB reduce the pH of the medium, creating a hostile environment for microorganisms. These organic acids are a primary inhibition mechanism of LAB. This article reviews several studies on LAB as BCAs, focusing on their inhibition modes. Additionally, it discusses the limitations and future challenges of using LAB to control phytopathogens for sustainable agriculture.

Diabetic retinopathy screenings are a vital strategy to avoid the severe consequences of this disease. However, their success depends on the adherence of the target population. The present work aims to review the adherence to diabetic retinopathy screening, more specifically the influence of the persons with diabetes’ social network (contacts between persons with diabetes) on their screening behaviour. The used data set comprises information of 75,921 persons with diabetes, distributed by 20 Primary Health Centre Groups of the Portuguese North Region. Persons with diabetes of the same Group were organized in an N-by-N matrix, resulting in 20 social networks. Network metrics were calculated and its relationship with the adherence to screening was analysed using two perspectives: correlation between global network metrics and adherence rate; cluster analyses based on node level metrics. The results obtained show that: (1) Less connected networks, strongly divided into communities and with a great number of connected components, present the highest adherence rates. (2) The node level metrics allow the identification of groups where the problem of non-adherence is especially high. (3) The non-adherence phenomenon is especially evident in a small group of highly connected individuals. We believe that these results are of utmost relevance as a starting point for future research and as support to the planning of interventions related to diabetic retinopathy screening adherence.

Tropical Animal Health and Production is a journal founded 55 years ago. It is dedicated to the publication of results of original research, investigation, and observation in all fields of animal health, welfare and production which may lead to improved health and productivity of livestock and better utilization of animal resources in tropical, subtropical and similar environments. Research is in strong alignment with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, particularly No Poverty, Zero Hunger, and Good Health and Well-being. To celebrate its 55th anniversary, the editorial board has composed this Editorial article in an effort to address the major challenges that animal and veterinary scientists in the tropics and adjacent regions will address over the next 55 years. The task is accomplished in a systematic fashion addressing the topic species by species (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, poultry, camelids, etc.) and in the context of different groups of health challenges encompassing production, vector-borne, parasitic and transboundary diseases. Challenges are difficult and complex, and the solutions herein proposed may be difficult to implement. It aims to be an informed overview of the major difficulties the sector will experience in the near future, ultimately suggesting tools to address them. Only time will tell if they are accurate, effective or implementable. Nevertheless, Tropical Animal Health and Production Editorial Board, secretariat, reviewers and authors will certainly do their best to contribute to the advancement of animal health and production in the Tropics and the Mediterranean.

Objective To examine and synthesize the evidence of experiences and perspectives on the specific context of informal post-care and the existing support network. Method This is a qualitative systematic review with metasynthesis, according to the framework of the JBI, carried out in the CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS and PsycINFO databases, with no time limit. The articles were evaluated using the JBI Qualitative Data Extraction Tool. A total of 1,236 articles was identified, of which 18 were selected and 7 were analyzed. The level of evidence found was moderate. Results The experiences and perspectives of the informal post-caregiver reveal the need for support, namely: in personal development - attribution of meaning, in self-care perspectives and in identity reconstruction; in managing the impact of the legacy of caring - discontinuity of support in the trajectory of caring, financial vulnerability, and the impact on mental health; formal and informal resources for the future - projection of the future, structured services and family and community support. Conclusion Post-caregivers’ perception of their support network is that their individual and interpersonal needs are not identified, and that formal and informal services are not articulated. DESCRIPTORS Caregivers; Life Change Events; Community Networks; Systematic Review

Objective To examine and synthesize the evidence of experiences and perspectives on the specific context of informal post-care and the existing support network. Method This is a qualitative systematic review with metasynthesis, according to the framework of the JBI, carried out in the CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, BVS and PsycINFO databases, with no time limit. The articles were evaluated using the JBI Qualitative Data Extraction Tool. A total of 1,236 articles was identified, of which 18 were selected and 7 were analyzed. The level of evidence found was moderate. Results The experiences and perspectives of the informal post-caregiver reveal the need for support, namely: in personal development - attribution of meaning, in self-care perspectives and in identity reconstruction; in managing the impact of the legacy of caring - discontinuity of support in the trajectory of caring, financial vulnerability, and the impact on mental health; formal and informal resources for the future - projection of the future, structured services and family and community support. Conclusion Post-caregivers’ perception of their support network is that their individual and interpersonal needs are not identified, and that formal and informal services are not articulated. DESCRIPTORS Caregivers; Life Change Events; Community Networks; Systematic Review

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) is the change in time intervals between heart beats, reflecting the autonomic nervous system’s ability to adapt to psychological and physiological demands. Slow breathing enhances parasympathetic activity, increasing HRV. Pranayama, a yoga breathing technique, affords the conscious regulation of respiration frequency. This study aimed to characterize HRV, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation of basic yoga breathing slow techniques with regular yoga practitioners. Methods: In total, 45 yoga practitioners were included in the study (including 7 males, mean age of 54.04 ± 11.97 years) with varying levels of yoga experience (minimum 3 months, maximum 37 years). Participants performed three breathing conditions: baseline (control) and two yoga techniques (abdominal (adham) and complete (mahat)) breathing, each for 10 min in the supine position (i.e., savasana). For each condition, respiratory frequency, heart rate (HR), blood pressure and peripheral oxygen levels were collected. Results: The findings revealed that both abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques promoted a decrease in respiratory frequency (p < 0.001, r = 0.61; p < 0.001, r = 0.61, respectively), and an increase in peripheral oxygen saturation (p < 0.001, r = 0.50; p < 0.001, r = 0.46, respectively), along with blood pressure decreases in all mean values, and a significant decrease in systolic pressure, considering all conditions (p = 0.034, W = 0.08). There were significant increases in standard deviation of HR during abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques compared with the baseline (p = 0.003, r = 0.31; p < 0.001, r = 0.47, respectively), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. Moreover, the complete breathing technique exhibited the greatest variability in HRV measures, with several significant differences compared with abdominal breathing (standard deviation of HR, p < 0.001, r = 0.42; SD2, standard deviation of points perpendicular to the Poincaré parallel line, p < 0.003, r = 0.31; SD1/SD2, p < 0.003, r = 0.31), suggesting a more profound impact on autonomic modulation. Conclusions: simple, inexpensive and non-intrusive abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques can effectively and momentarily enhance HRV and oxygen saturation in adults, mature adults and the elderly.

Background/Objectives: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a lifestyle offering numerous health benefits. Nevertheless, the adherence to the MD is moderate even in Mediterranean countries. While sociodemographic factors influence MD adherence, additional impacts occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional longitudinal study with three cohorts of Portuguese adults analyzes MD adherence before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and explores the effect of sociodemographic variables. Methods: Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and MD adherence were assessed in the years 2019, 2021, and 2024 with an online self-filled questionnaire. MD adherence was measured with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Results: MEDAS score increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 2019 to 2021 (6.2 ± 0.7 to 7.7 ± 0.1), followed by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in 2024 (7.2 ± 0.1) relative to 2019, which was more pronounced in participants with higher income. Accordingly, a trend in healthier food choices was observed followed by a decline in 2024. Of note is the significant increase in red meat consumption (p < 0.05) in 2024 relative to 2021. Respondents who consumed more red meat were mostly men, employed, or in a stable relationship. Most respondents practiced sport “Never or occasionally” in 2019 and 2021 (59.4 and 55.2%, respectively); in 2024, this category was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced (40.9%); men or higher-income participants were more likely to meet the recommended activity levels. Conclusions: This study reveals that the improvements in MD lifestyle during the pandemic were not sustained in 2024, as healthier habits formed during confinement were not fully integrated into long-term behavior. These findings strengthen the need for targeted public health interventions to promote the MD.

This article explores the crucial role of higher education institutions in catalysing regional innovation ecosystems. In particular, it aims to study how polytechnics in Portugal have been involved in this process. The research utilizes an exploratory and reflective case study approach to present real-world evidence of collaborative efforts within innovation networks that involve both businesses and the social economy. Thus, the study raises awareness of collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship networks, emphasizing genuine interactive learning and knowledge exchange. Polytechnic institutions can enhance regional competitiveness by providing education and training for future entrepreneurs and highly skilled professionals, as well as offering technological and managerial solutions that drive value creation and the emergence of new businesses and markets, potentially even on an international level. The study also emphasizes the fourth mission of higher education institutions, particularly polytechnic institutes, focusing on empowering communities through social innovation projects for sustainable local and regional development.

Introduction The study aims to analyze scientific publications on the association between social networks, social relationships, and social support for sports coaches. It seeks to identify the types and levels of social support provided by various agents, and to understand the impact of this support on coaches’ wellbeing. The goal is to help coaches better utilize social support, thereby enhancing their quality of life, work, and performance. Methods This study systematically reviewed 11 scientific articles to investigate the association between social support, social networks, and social relationships in sports coaches. It aimed to identify the types and levels of social support offered to coaches by family members, peers, and friends. Our research utilized the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and assessed study quality using the STROBE Statement. Eligibility was determined by the PECOS criterion based on the search strategy terms. Results Our findings indicate that social support has significant positive effects on sports coaches. It enhances selfcompassion, prevents burnout symptoms, boosts job and life satisfaction, and reduces stress levels. Organizational support, characterized by clear guidelines, guidance, and autonomy, yielded positive outcomes. Conversely, the absence of social support correlated with negative outcomes for coaches, including lower self-compassion, increased stress and burnout symptoms, reduced job and life satisfaction, and heightened work–family conflict. Coaches’ social networks encompassed family members, peers, friends, and other sources, with friends perceived as the most influential. Maintaining an effective social support network is crucial for coaches’ performance and psychological wellbeing. Discussion This systematic review emphasizes the importance of social support for coaches in both their personal and professional lives, noting its positive effects and the negative consequences of its absence. Given the demanding nature of coaching, improving social support systems can enhance coaches’ wellbeing and the success of sports activities.

Background There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specific training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the different profiles of each playing position. Objective This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands according to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies. Methods A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions. Results A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifications were reported across studies, 59% of studies classified players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards. The findings suggests that central and external midfielders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfielders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfielders perform more passes than external midfielders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfielders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions. Conclusion This scoping review demonstrates that there are differences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specific requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfill their tactical responsibilities during the game.

Introdução: A intervenção dos enfermeiros no processo de luto parental, em cuidados de saúde primários, espelha uma necessidade de saúde basilar, assistindo na vivência de um processo de transição pelo casal. Torna-se crucial a valorização do equilíbrio funcional e emocional da família, bem como a experiência de luto e os sentimentos vivenciados. Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica sobre as intervenções de enfermagem, em cuidados de saúde primários, dirigidas ao casal enlutado pela morte de um filho. Metodologia: Scoping Review realizada de acordo com a metodologia PRISMA-ScR e a mnemónica PCC: população, conceito e contexto. Pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL Complete, B-On, Science Direct e RCAAP. Estudos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês foram incluídos, com o limite temporal 2018-2023. Os estudos identificados foram organizados no Rayyan®, e a sua relevância, analisada por dois revisores independentes. Dos 1021 artigos disponíveis, sete foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Da análise emergiram quatro temas: manifestações de luto (negação, raiva, negociação, depressão, aceitação); atitudes e comportamentos promotores de luto adaptativo (religião, rituais, fim de vida no domicílio, redefinição de objetivos de vida, ocupação do tempo, autocuidado); obstáculos ao luto adaptativo (apoio dos profissionais insuficiente e comportamentos de outras pessoas) e redes de apoio no luto parental (formal e informal). Considerações finais: As experiências de luto vivenciadas pelo casal, permitiram mapear as intervenções de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar dirigidas ao casal pela morte do filho, as quais emergem como prioritárias, bem como a formação profissional na área.

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a range of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. This cross-sectional study, conducted in a Portuguese TMD department, aimed to assess the relationship between malocclusion and TMD severity. Methods: Data on demographic variables, TMD clinical symptoms, and malocclusion classes were collected using the EUROTMJ database. The Chi-square test (χ²) identified associations, with their intensity measured by Cramér’s V (φc). Results: The study included 1170 patients (932 females and 238 males), with a mean age of 41.73 ± 16.80 years. Most patients exhibited Angle Class I malocclusion (85.5%), followed by Angle Class II (13.5%) and Angle Class III (1.1%). Class II malocclusion was associated with increased TMD severity (p < 0.001), higher myalgia levels (p = 0.002), more frequent disc displacement without reduction (p = 0.002) and lower maximum mouth opening values (Class II: 38.13 ± 7.78 mm, Class I: 39.93 ± 8.67 mm). Significant associations were also found between malocclusion type and arthralgia (p = 0.021), mouth-opening limitation (p = 0.016), and TMJ crepitus (p = 0.017). In cases of malocclusion, the presence of oral signs of bruxism explained the degree of myalgia, disc displacement, and severity (p = 0.003; p = 0.048; p = 0.045). Conclusions: This study highlights that (1) the most common type of dental malocclusion in TMD patients was Class I; (2) Class II malocclusion was associated with increased TMD severity and oral signs of bruxism; and (3) Class III was rarely observed in TMD consultation. The findings suggest that bruxism behavior in cases of malocclusion may be significant in TMD.