Polytechnic University of Valencia

In this section, we provide preliminary explanations that expound how a quantum processor can execute any algorithm using only a limited set of gates. Such a set is therefore called universal.

Entanglement stands as one of the most captivating phenomena arising from the principles of quantum mechanics. It also emerges as a highly promising resource in the field of quantum science.

As outlined in Chap. 1, a full-stack development of a distributed system for quantum computation requires to be carefully engineered. The proposed stack allows a circuit designer to focus on the logic of its algorithm, without necessary consider all the issues coming from the physical infrastructure that will take care of computing it.

Assuming a good characterizing model for the noise affecting quantum information can be challenging. A highly generic one can be described as the evolution $\mathcal {N}$ on an d-dimensional system, where a state of interest $\sigma$ evolves together with the environment in a state $\rho$ [1].

In today’s competitive labor market is more and more important to retain the best human capital by offering employees the highest general satisfaction experiences with their job. This makes general job and personal growth satisfaction become an important element to foster in workplaces. While organizational politics has been associated with various performance benefits in organizations, one much-appreciated strategy is the ability to understand and influence others at work to achieve things from employees which could lead to unethical means to achieve results. Thus, even though internal work motivation is present in employees, principally due to the content of the work they must do, few studies consider that general job and personal growth satisfaction experiences could be seriously harmed if unethical contextual factors were present. The expected general job and personal growth satisfaction they should experience for doing their work might be harmed if motivated employees face supervisors with selfish political skills who treat them in a disrespectful manner. This chapter proposes and tests a model in which supervisor disrespectful leadership can reduce the positive effects that internal work motivation can have on the general job and personal growth satisfaction of employees.

Diversity-based designing, or the goal of ensuring that web-based information is accessible to as many diverse users as possible, has received growing international acceptance in recent years, with many countries introducing legislation to enforce it. This paper analyses web content accessibility levels in Spanish education portals according to the international guidelines established by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). Additionally, it suggests the calculation of an inaccessibility rate as a tool for measuring the degree of non-compliance with WAI Guidelines 2.0 as well as illustrating the significant gap that separates people with disabilities from digital education environments (with a 7.77% average). A total of twenty-one educational web portals with two different web depth levels (42 sampling units) were assessed for this purpose using the automated analysis tool Web Accessibility Test 2.0 (TAW, for its initials in Spanish). The present study reveals a general trend towards non-compliance with the technical accessibility recommendations issued by the W3C-WAI group (97.62% of the websites examined present mistakes in Level A conformance). Furthermore, despite the increasingly high number of legal and regulatory measures about accessibility, their practical application still remains unsatisfactory. A greater level of involvement must be assumed in order to raise awareness and enhance training efforts towards accessibility in the context of collective Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), since this represents not only a necessity but also an ethical, social, political and legal commitment to be assumed by society.

The formulation of new food concepts based on protein-rich ingredients from legumes or pseudo-cereals seems a promising approach to meet the increased protein demands in the older adults.

The purpose of research is to determine the impact of various forms of farming on the efficiency of agriculture in Turkestan region using econometric models, which will make it possible to formulate proposals for improving agricultural policy in the region. Research hypothesis. It is assumed that the structure of commodity producers has a significant impact on the efficiency of agriculture in Turkestan region. In particular, larger agrarian enterprises show high productivity and economic efficiency due to the scale of production and access to better technologies. At the same time, farmers and smallholders can make important contributions to the diversity of production and sustainability of the agrarian economy, but their efficiency may be limited by insufficient access to financial and technical resources. In the course of the study, the authors used methods of literature review of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical method, economic and mathematical method, modelling, etc. The result of the study is the development of proposals to optimise the structure of agriculture in the region, including measures to support small and medium-sized farms to improve their competitiveness, as well as the development of cooperation between producers to improve their access to resources and technology.

BACKGROUND Grapevine producers demand solutions to control fungal trunk pathogens (FTPs) in nurseries. Adopting integrated strategies combining several control methods has been indicated as the best approach to prevent or reduce infections on grapevine propagation material. In recent years, electrolyzed water (EW) has emerged as a sustainable alternative for disinfection. Thus, the objectives of our study were: (i) to determine the effect of EW on the conidial germination and mycelial growth of a wider selection of FTPs associated with different grapevine trunk diseases; and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of EW to reduce infections caused by FTPs on grapevine planting material during the propagation process in a commercial nursery. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrated the capacity of different EW products to reduce conidial germination and mycelium survival of selected FTPs belonging to different genera and species, even given that the results were variable depending on the type of product, pathogen evaluated and time of treatment. In two different nursery experiments, conducted in 2021 and 2023, EW‐treated plants showed lower incidence of Petri and black‐foot associated pathogens when compared with the untreated ones, although these differences were statistically significant only in 2023. Moreover, there were no negative effects of the EW treatments regarding the viability of the grafted plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results about the effect of EW against conidia germination and mycelium survival of FTPs, and the results of the nursery trials, suggest that EW could have promising applications in the grapevine nursery process. This treatment could be integrated with other complementary management strategies and also be extended to nurseries of other fruit and nut crops, in which FTPs are currently becoming important emerging diseases. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

This paper presents the design and characterization of an 8-channel integrated comb source spectral processor based on an arrayed-waveguide grating in loop-back configuration, with a channel spacing of 100 GHz. The arrayed waveguide grating has an unconventional mounting, for improved aberration and sidelobes. The design of the arrayed-waveguide grating, following a mathematical modeling method, is covered. The method presented gives an accurate result with the need for little computational power and no need for specific software. The devices, fabricated in a silicon nitride platform, are characterized for their spectral responses. The spectral processor is also characterized for both its amplitude modulation as well as the phase modulation. The phase modulation is characterized using optical frequency domain interferometry.

Intelligent omni-surfaces (IOSs) have been considered for assisting outdoor-to-indoor millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. Nevertheless, the existing works have not adequately investigated how the number or the deployment locations of IOSs should be optimized for serving multiple indoor users. In this paper, we study IOS-assisted outdoor-to-indoor mmWave communications where IOSs are installed in an exterior wall of a building to refract mmWave signals from an outdoor base station (BS) to indoor users that locate among indoor blockages. Given a fixed total number of refracting elements, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the downlink energy efficiency of the outdoor BS while satisfying the dowlink data rate requirements of the indoor users by jointly optimizing the number, locations and phase shifts of IOSs and the beamforming vectors of the BS. To address the varying dimensionality and the non-convexity of the optimization problem, we decompose it into two subproblems that optimize the IOSs’ phase shifts together with the BS beamforming vectors and the number and locations of IOSs, respectively, and devise successive convex approximation and Continuous Population-Based Incremental Learning-based algorithms to solve them alternately. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can obtain the optimal number and locations of IOSs, resulting in significantly enhanced energy efficiency of the outdoor BS compared to benchmark schemes.

This paper introduces a methodology to build mathematical models based on evidence and data sets, considering data and model uncertainty. We study the evolution of obesity in the population, being obesity a consequence of the transmission of unhealthy lifestyle habits and behavioral patterns influenced by social networks (family, friends, peers, etc.). We propose a three-step methodology. First, we create a synthetic data set based on a previous model with real data. Then, we search for dynamic models based on difference equations that best fit the dynamics described by the dataset and their uncertainty (uncertainty-aware). To do this, we use a dynamic structured grammatical evolution algorithm (an algorithm that builds possible models) on which we have defined a grammar (set of possible expressions that can be part of the model). The definition of appropriate grammar is crucial because it allows us to build models that do not contradict the knowledge of the phenomenon studied. However, the data may suggest introducing new terms that indicate the influence of unknown factors. Finally, from among all the models obtained, we will algorithmically search for a selection of them that best describes the uncertainty of the data. This methodology can be applied to various scenarios with available datasets and a limited understanding of the phenomenon. It aims to generate models that not only achieve precision but also incorporate terms that correspond to identifiable processes, which can be explained within the context of the study problem.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have firmly established themselves in the realm of microwave and antenna technology in recent years. A multitude of different types of antennas and microwave components can be successfully produced through various AM methods.

The dataset offers a comprehensive information to analyse cities and neighbourhood that are potentially unsafe for women, this information has been collected for four cities: Toluca (Mexico), Valencia (Spain), Dublin (Ireland) and San Francisco (USA). The collection includes quantitative and qualitative variables obtained and processed from open data, georeferenced publications from a social media platform, and points located through participatory mapping sessions. The data is structured in raw format, organized by country and city, and categorized according to the data source used while processing, which allows unrestricted access with most data analysis software and it does not depend on specific licenses. This format includes both geometric information and associated attributes allowing reusability and analysis in different environments. Additionally, the release of this data allows developing models tailored to specific local contexts and represents a significant advance in open data access as stated in the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5), especially in relation to indicator 5.2.2. In general, this indicator faces a lack of sufficient data for accurate measurement, which limits the ability to accurately assess and address gender-based violence. By providing an open and flexible resource, the dataset not only facilitates comparative research and informed policymaking, it also supports the international commitment for transparency and contributes to filling existing gaps in information on violence and insecurity. Data availability: https://zenodo.org/records/13892007

In the EU and UK, novel foods are foods that were not used for human consumption to a significant degree within the Union and the UK before 15 May 1997 [...]

Nature based solutions (NbS) for flood regulation (e.g., forest restoration) need to be informed by the analysis of climate change and land-use/cover change (LUCC) effects on floods, but these effects are still poorly understood. In this study, it is hypothesized that effects of climate change and LUCC on floods exhibit an abrupt change at a threshold elevation with implications for forest restoration. The study was carried out in the Tena watershed located in Ecuadorian Amazon. Hydrological simulations were run using TETIS model for different climate and LUCC scenarios. Projected precipitation from the Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the SSP5-8.5 scenario of CMIP6 was assessed. Isolated and combined effects of climate change and LUCC on floods across an altitudinal gradient were analyzed at 42 flow sites. Obtained results confirm the hypothesis showing the existence of a threshold elevation at 590 m a.s.l., where abrupt changes on floods occurred. The effects of LUCC prevailed over the effects of climate change in the upper basin, while in the lower basin, effects of climate change prevailed, especially for small and medium flood events. The results suggest that native forest is priority in the area above the threshold elevation, informing restoration as a NbS for flood regulation in humid tropical basins in a context of climate change.

Hydrological restoration of wetlands has become a critical pressing issue in environmental preservation due to climate change. This study seeks to develop a novel methodology to identify which type of water resources available are the most appropriate for restoring a particular wetland, considering a holistic perspective based on the triple bottom line (TBL) assessment, which is a logical framework for identifying and integrating social, environmental, and economic factors into decision-making processes. The elicitation was addressed through a comprehensive holistic index using analytic hierarchy process for ranking TBL dimensions and drivers. This new hybrid technique was applied for elaborating sustainable rules of water allocation to restore the wetlands of the Tablas de Daimiel National Park, located in central Spain. The environmental dimension was analyzed using six drivers: the synergistic use of infrastructures, the water resources location, the wastewater reuse, the energy consumption, the landscape degradation, and the impact on water resources. The social dimension was evaluated measuring three drivers: community acceptance, political acceptance, and market acceptance. And finally, the economic dimension was assessed through the expropriation of land costs, the infrastructure costs, the maintenance costs, and opportunity costs associated. These drivers guarantee traceability and transparency in the elicitation process, becoming a novel allocation framework to support policy makers in wetland conservation. Applying the proposed methodology, Tagus-Segura interbasin water transfer is the best ranked option (83.13%), closely followed by pumping well areas (79.12 and 78.24%) and wastewater recycling plants (74.34 and 68.26%). The unique holistic index proposed is a transparent and traceable decision support tool to address water allocation in wetland restoration.

The behaviour of the generalized Hilbert operator associated with a positive finite Borel measure $\mu$ μ on [0, 1) is investigated when it acts on weighted Banach spaces of holomorphic functions on the unit disc defined by sup-norms and on Korenblum type growth Banach spaces. It is studied when the operator is well defined, bounded and compact. To this aim, we study when it can be represented as an integral operator. We observe important differences with the behaviour of the Cesàro-type operator acting on these spaces, getting that boundedness and compactness are equivalent concepts for some standard weights. For the space of bounded holomorphic functions on the disc and for the Wiener algebra, we get also this equivalence, which is characterized in turn by the summability of the moments of the measure $\mu$ μ . In the latter case, it is also equivalent to nuclearity. Nuclearity of the generalized Hilbert operator acting on related spaces, such as the classical Hardy space, is also analyzed.