Petersburg State Transport University

Relevance of information . The given article substantiates institutional, administrative and managerial, organizational and economical concepts aimed to develop platform economy of the Russian Federation. Such concepts specifically include the formation of a list of systemically significant operators in the platform economy with an established special status for state regulatory regime to provide them different state support of economic preferences. These concepts also comprise unified approaches to state regulation of digital economic processes, as well as unified conditions for cross-border turnover of goods, services and capital within the framework of international entities with participation of the Russian Federation (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Union). Objective . The article provides calculation of dynamics of aggregate capitalization of systemically significant operators of the platform economy in the Russian Federation within the time frame period of 2022–2024. It also provides comparative analysis of the growth rates capitalization of the platform economy and GDP, as well as it reveals the major trends and social-economic effects, which the domestic platform economy currently generates. Methods. The authors apply synthetic, analytic, deductive etc. methods, as well as econometric tools. Conclusions. One of the major findings of the article is the following: introduction of large-scale digital assets contributes to overcome contemporary challenges for the Russian international and domestic logistics.

The article outlines the problem of directive assignment of the service life of reinforced concrete bridges in the current regulatory documents. The service life is one of the defining characteristics responsible for the main parameters of the bridge structure. This study proposes a method for determining the service life of a reinforced concrete slab of a carriageway of a beam span, based on the description of the mechanisms of degradation of the protective layer and the kinetics of corrosion processes. The period of degradation of the protective layer is described by two processes running in parallel: the carbonization of concrete, as well as the penetration and accumulation of chlorides to a critical value. The description of these processes is based on the fundamental laws of the Fick's laws of diffusion. A stochastic approach is presented that makes it possible to take into account the random nature of the initial parameters, which is based on the Monte Carlo method.

The authors have performed the numerical modelling of aerodynamic loads on a high-speed train running on a viaduct and evaluated the stability of a train based on the minimum load pressure on the wheel under the combined effects of crosswind and inertial air pressure (known as drift). The distribution of air pressure on the surface of train body elements in areas of overpressure and rarefaction was mapped out. The study has identifi ed the combinations of aerodynamic impacts under which the loads on bogie wheels may decrease to unacceptable levels and established the maximum speed limits for varying aerodynamic loads that arise on coastal railway lines under stormy weather

The paper deals with a method of reducing the need for water transportation and water scarcity in the BRICS countries using the example of the eastern Ciscaucasia of Russia, where reservoirs are losing a large amount of water through evaporation. It is proposed to take in a supply of water for agriculture, urban and transport infrastructure by reducing the rate of spring melting of high-altitude snow by building large ice pools at the sources of mountain rivers. Pools are horizontal platforms with a cold base, where the rate of melting of winter snow is minimal. They will reduce the intensity of spring fl oods which cause mudslides, water loss, and destruction of transport infrastructure. Ice pools are built by building a cascade of prefabricated lightweight wooden barriers that are assembled on site without heavy machinery. The cascade of barriers ensures that ice pools grow in winter and accumulated ice is preserved in summer without changing the fl ow of the river. The cascade is periodically made taller, contributing to the growth of the ice basin up to the formation of a new mountain glacier with up to 3 million tonnes of water over 8–10 years of constru

This article is devoted to the study of logistics relations between Russia and Vietnam, with an emphasis on the consideration of transport routes and the identifi cation of problems in the fi eld of cargo transportation. In the context of the rapid growth of trade and economic ties between the two countries, the issue of optimizing logistics processes is becoming particularly important. Effi cient organization of transport chains can not only improve the speed of delivery, but also reduce costs, ensuring the competitiveness of market participants. The article focuses on the main routes connecting Russia and Vietnam and analyses the features of sea routes and networks of rail and road lines. The authors highlight the problematic aspects of the current system’s functioning, including diffi culties with cargo handling, a lack of information monitoring systems, bottlenecks in coordination between different modes of transport, as well as infrastructural constraints. Special attention is paid not only to the analysis of weak links in logistics between Russia and Vietnam, but also to the development of specifi c recommendations aimed at their elimination. The authors show that an integrated approach to solving existing logistical problems can have a signifi cant impact on strengthening cooperation between Russia and Vietnam, as well as serve as an incentive for further growth of trade turnover between the countries. The authors conclude that the implementation of the proposed measures will contribute not only to improving the effi ciency of cargo transportation, but also to creating favourable conditions for deepening strategic partnership. In this context, the study has not only a theoretical value, but also a high practical signifi cance, as it suggests concrete steps to implement logistical transformations in the near future

The relevance of eco-education and eco-enlightenment is determined by the global environmental challenges facing humanity, the history of formation and development of which is inextricably linked to the evolution of the natural environment. We have been using the benefits of nature for thousands of years and began to think about restoring its resources only at the end of the twentieth century. The ecological agenda is entering our lives more densely. The pollution of water bodies and the atmosphere, the cutting down of forests that do not correspond in quantitative terms to their planting, and the growth of industrial and household waste are now the subject of lively discussions on the need to preserve the planet’s balance. The world is a highly developed technological system. A large number of factories, plants, and manufactories, extensive use of the latest technologies, and the availability of broadband Internet entail technical progress and have a detrimental impact on the environment. This research aims to draw public attention to the problematic issues existing in the environmental sector and propose ways to improve the environmental safety of the country through changes in beliefs, knowledge, values, skills, and daily habits of people to form their sustainable and responsible behavior.

This research dwells on the potential capabilities of new digital solutions in reducing the divide between the job and university education markets. The main trends and parameters of the influence of digital change on the job and university education markets are analyzed, EdTech solutions in countries of Central Asia are considered, and the directions to reduce the divide between the job market and the university education market by creating a common digital educational ecosystem are determined. Emphasis is placed on the change in requirements and priorities in the job market through the formation of new processes and the addition of the requirements for the existing set of competencies for working with digital technologies. Justification is given concerning the change in the higher education system to satisfy the job market’s need for skilled employees who can deal with the tasks of Industry 4.0. EdTech startups in Central Asian countries are analyzed, and their impact on the transformation of the system of higher education, as well as the possibility of creating digital educational ecosystems, is determined. The value of this research is the offer to create a common educational digital ecosystem based on EdTech solutions, which would unite the interests of all stakeholders, allow processing information about the change of requirements to labor skills in Industry 4.0, and integrate the results of this process into the educational process to ensure the educational skills’ correspondence to the job market.

Atomic cities, Russian cities where enterprises related to the production and industrial use of nuclear energy are concentrated, are chosen as the object of research in this article. The authors will include in this list the cities of location of nuclear power plants and closed administrative territorial formations of the nuclear industry. Currently, more than 2.35 million people live in the cities where the State Atomic Energy Corporation «Rosatom» operates. The development of these territories as a framework for the development of our entire country is one of the important tasks of ROSATOM. The subject area of the study is to recreate and support the identity of the so-called “corporate image” of public areas of atomic cities (parks, squares, recreation areas). The article proposes to do this by equipping the designated places with small architectural forms of the architectural style common to all atomic cities (in the form of a peaceful atom, cooling towers, reactor, etc.). The objective of the study is to propose a design solution that will revive the traditions lost over time in terms of creating a unified architectural image of parks and public gardens in the cities where ROSATOM is present, while increasing the comfort of urban public spaces in these cities. The main methods of research are theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the problems of creating and improving the image of territories, systematization of the available material, its graphic visualization and others. The main result of the study is the justification of the feasibility of developing models of small architectural forms (benches, garbage bins, vases, entrance areas, lampposts, bicycle parking lots, etc.), the appearance and shape of which can identify the belonging of a park (public garden) to the city of presence of a nuclear power facility. This, in turn, will revive the unified appearance of urban spaces of atomic cities, and will have a positive impact on the growth of the level of attractiveness for tourist traffic and on the comfort of public spaces for the local population.

Aim. To carry out a feasibility study of implementing a blockchain for refrigerating circuit. Materials and Methods. To assess the feasibility of implementing a blockchain, capital costs and reduction in operating costs were calculated, and the payback period was determined. Eurosib SPb – Transport Systems JSC was used as an example. Results. The idea behind the project is to develop a system for remote dispatching control, monitoring and control of a diesel generator container and a system for remote monitoring of temperature parameters of refrigerated containers. Conclusion. The study have demonstrated feasibility of using a blockchain for a refrigerating circuit (as an example) by increasing the efficiency of logistics operations. This cuts operating costs, speeds up delivery due to less time required to process documents, minimizes risks, and controls the goods traffic at all stages of transportation.

The circumstances of the arrival of the French architect Auguste Ricard de Montferrand in Russia and his confirmation as an imperial architect engaged in projects of national importance are briefly recounted. A brief overview of the erection by Montferrand and his main assistant Antonio Adamini of the Alexander Column, one of the most significant monuments for the architectural appearance of the city of St. Petersburg, is presented. Montferrand’s activities in creating printed and handwritten monuments, in which the progress of the work was recorded, are considered, with the aim of glorifying the master and the engineering feat he accomplished. Particular attention is paid to individual collections of original handwritten drawings and plans related to the construction and located in the collection of rare books and manuscripts of the Scientific and Technical Library of the Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, such as the original project of the monument proposed by Montferrand, collections of drawings and plans prepared by Montferrand and Adamini, and the highest approved working drawings from the collection of the construction office for the construction of St. Isaac’s Cathedral. Handwritten materials are considered in the aspect of the purposes of their creation and features as sources by which it is possible to trace in detail the process of creating the monument.

The analysis of the surrounding coastal relief of the North Caucasus Railway section, which is promising in terms of high-speed traffic development, and the coastal protection structures traditionally used on this section was carried out, and a three-dimensional map of the sailing directions near the section under study was constructed. A computer experiment was carried out using numerical modeling tools to examine the impact of storm waves on coastal protection structures and railway track structures in areas of intense coastal storm tide impact. The intensity of the impact of hydrodynamic factors on structural elements and the indirect impact of traditional coastal protection structures on coastal erosion were estimated. Computer modeling was carried out using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. A map of the distribution of flow velocities and excess pressure for the incident and reflected wave was constructed using a section of the coast as an example, and numerical indicators of the impact of hydrodynamic factors on the coastal structures of the railway were obtained. The study showed the advantages of integrating these structures into the natural landscape due to a significant reduction in the impact of reflected waves on coastal erosion. A comparative analysis of the impact of the specified hydrodynamic factors on the classical and alternative designs of the substructure of the track in the coastal zone, ensuring maximum use of the natural protection of the coastline, was carried out.

Grain is one of the most important food products. Nowadays there is a growth of container transportation of bulk cargo and, in particular, grain cargo. The transportation of grain requires the consideration of many factors, which complicates the requirements for the organization of the transportation process. Intermodal transportation of grain plays a special role in solving the problem of starvation in the poorest countries of the world, as well as in international trade with the countries of Southeast Asia and China. The article considers the features of intermodal transportation of export grain cargo. On the basis of the analysis of statistical and reporting data the urgency of the problem of grain export with the steady growth of the volume of grain cargo transportation in specialized containers is explained, the classification of grain crops is made, the risk factors of grain transportation by sea transport are considered, the logistics chain of grain delivery in bulk is analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of transportation of grain cargoes in specialized containers, including economic factors, are listed. It is concluded that to increase the efficiency of transportation of grain cargo in specialized containers it is necessary to improve the organization of logistics process, infrastructure, as well as technologies of terminal and warehouse infrastructure.

The article presents a variety of approaches to the definition of logistics, including a schematic representation of the classification of types and main functions of logistics in the author’s interpretation. A justification is given for the variability of methods for calculating logistics parameters, supported by illustrative examples from the theory and practice of logistics. It is noted that many solutions to logistics problems are associated with the concepts of optimality and optimization methods, since they often come down to finding the optimal route, optimal resource provision, distribution policy, production management, that is, to the optimal answer, which is achieved by, for example, reducing time for cargo delivery by choosing the most profitable supplier and carrier, as well as through the introduction of modern digital technologies. It is argued that in order to obtain the best (reliable and accurate) result, it is necessary to consider the entire logistics process not only from the point of view of a management approach, but also methods of mathematical analysis. In this regard, the article focuses on the possibilities of synergy between classical and digital logistics with mathematics and computer science to solve logistics problems. Particular importance is given to the practical use of the “backpack” method and dynamic programming in calculations and analytical conclusions for the purposes of logistics planning and accounting. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy in general, and logistics processes in particular, these approaches are acquiring a new, relevant interpretation and practical significance.

Relevance. In modern personnel management systems, more and more attention is paid to the principle of human-centeredness. From the standpoint of increasing the return on employees, special attention has been paid to such a complex indicator as the quality of their working life. In this context, an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing it is required, especially taking into account the turbulence in development inherent in the modern Russian economy. The purpose is development and advancement of theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation and development of the quality of working life. Objectives: to analyze the concepts of quality of working life; to identify the features of intra-company mobility that affect the increase in employee productivity; to substantiate and develop proposals for improving the quality of working life based on employee mobility within the enterprise. Methodology. The methods of quantitative and qualitative, monographic and retrospective analysis, methods of comparing economic phenomena and processes, methods of abstraction, generalization of analyzed economic information, as well as specific methods of quality economics and motivation theory were used. Results. Improving the quality of life, including work life, requires building an effective system of interaction between society, business and the state, which is especially important in the context of economic turbulence. The paper analyzes the concept of quality of work life. The factors of formation of quality of work life are determined. Directions of personnel development in order to stabilize employment are proposed. The theoretical results of the study develop the theory of quality economics and the theory of labor economics. Applied findings of the study can be useful for enterprise management and heads of HR services. Conclusions. One of the main conditions for the growth of labor productivity is the quality of work life. Planning of mobility within the organization should be carried out on the basis of differentiation of employees depending on the degree of their importance, for which it is recommended to categorize employees into the "center" and "periphery". Such division of personnel allows applying an individual strategy of personnel development in order to stabilize employment. The existing mechanisms of organization, motivation of labor and formation of quality of working life are seriously influenced by external factors, in particular, such a factor is a series of macro shocks of recent years, which caused turbulence in the economy; intra-company mobility is aimed at satisfying the needs of the individual and it can be considered as a factor in improving the quality of working life, including in the conditions of the noted turbulence.

p>Risk assessments of long-span bridges with cable elements shows that there is real danger of cable fracture. Such localized failures can lead to significant or complete structural collapse, as was the case with the 2019 bridge collapse in Taiwan. Therefore, this study focuses on tied-arch bridges and the main negative factors that can lead to hanger failure are considered. Basic methods of bridge calculation in case of sudden hanger failure are shown. It is hypothesized that existing quasi-static methods may lead to some errors in estimating the bridge strength. In this study, a scaled physical model is made and the dynamic response of the physical model in case of hanger failure is obtained using strain-gauge measurements. The study shows that the problem of progressive failure of tied- arch bridges is relevant and requires further research in the field of quasi-static analysis.</p

p>A significant number of artificial structures on the Russian railroad network are reinforced concrete bridges, which are subject to a large number of negative environmental factors. Due to sea coasts or industrial production nearby, high concentration of chloride ions accumulates in the atmosphere causing corrosion of concrete girders reinforcement. In addition, with the increase in axial loads as well as the development of high-speed railways, it is also necessary to consider the effect of moving loads on the service life of bridges. This study considers the combined effect of these factors, which leads to corrosion-fatigue failure of reinforcement. The method of calculation of the time of crack nucleation and growth up to the critical value on the basis of the real spectrum of stresses in the reinforcement obtained from the results of dynamic analysis is given. The most dangerous trains according to Russian codes for a particular spanning structure were selected.</p

Introduction. Engineering survey forms a basis for making informed decisions regarding the operation of stone structures following exposure to high temperatures and fire. Aim. To determine the residual bearing capacity and to specify methods for reinforcing stone structures after a fire. Materials and methods. The impact of fire on stone structures depends on the size and material of the stone, the spatial arrangement of the walls, the thermal and prolonged effects of the fire, and the firefighting methods employed. Results. Stone buildings constructed in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century were predominantly 2–7 stories high, while those built in the second half of the 20th century ranged from 5 to 14 stories. The walls were primarily made of solid and hollow ceramic and sand-lime bricks. The mortar used for wall masonry in the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century was cement-lime based. The thickness of walls built in the late 19th to early 20th century typically comprised 2–2.5 bricks, while after the 1920s, it was generally two bricks. When exposed to thermal effects of a fire, ceramic brick masonry at temperatures up to 800 °C experiences spalling of the stone to a depth of no more than 5 mm, with vertical and inclined surface cracks appearing, while the bearing capacity remains unaffected. At temperatures between 800 and 1000 °C, fire damage penetrates to a depth of 5–10 mm, resulting in vertical and inclined cracks extending no more than two courses of masonry, with wall bulging not exceeding 1/6 of their thickness. The bearing capacity of the masonry decreases by 15–20 %. When masonry walls and columns made of ceramic bricks are heated from 1000 to 1200 °C, damage exceeds 10 mm in depth, with vertical and inclined cracks extending over two courses of masonry, and bulging of walls reaching one-third or more of the masonry thickness. The bearing capacity of the masonry declines by more than 20 %. Conclusions. All cracks must be classified according to their causes: overloading of wall sections, thermal effect, and uneven foundation settlement. This necessitates an inspection of wall sections adjacent to areas affected by fire. The type and condition of the mortar in the masonry are to be assessed. For comparison, joints in masonry adjacent to fire-damaged areas should be examined. The design resistance of brick masonry subjected to fire exposure, after cooling, is considered equal to the design resistance prior to the fire multiplied by a coefficient for reduced bearing capacity k mc .