Payame Noor University

Most of the treatment strategies for tumors and other disorders is photodynamic therapy (PDT). For several years, increasing the efficiency of nanostructured treatment devices, including light therapy, has been considered in different treatment methods. Light Dynamics The use of nanomaterial in this method's production and progress. The use of nanoparticles as carriers is a promising accomplishment, since all the criteria for an ideal photodynamic therapy agent can be given with these nanomaterials. The kinds of nanoparticles that have recently been used in photodynamic therapy are mentioned in this article. Latest advancements are being explored in the use of inorganic nanoparticles and biodegradable polymer-based nanomaterial as carriers of photosynthetic agents. Photosynthetic nanoparticles, self-propagating nanoparticles, and conversion nanoparticles are among the successful photodynamic therapy nanoparticles addressed in this report.

As human beings, we have always sought to expand on our abilities, including our cognitive and motor skills. One of the still-underrated tools employed to this end is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Until recently, rTMS was almost exclusively used in studies with rehabilitation purposes. Only a small strand of literature has focused on the application of rTMS on healthy people with the aim of enhancing cognitive abilities such as decision-making, working memory, attention, source memory, cognitive control, learning, computational speed, risk-taking, and impulsive behaviors. It, therefore, seems that the findings in this particular field are the indirect results of rehabilitation research. In this review paper, we have set to investigate such studies and evaluate the rTMS effectuality in terms of how it improves the cognitive skills in healthy subjects. Furthermore, since the most common brain site used for rTMS protocols is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), we have added theta burst stimulation (TBS) wave patterns that are similar to brain patterns to increase the effectiveness of this method. The results of this study can help people who have high-risk jobs including firefighters, surgeons, and military officers with their job performance.

Ionogels are gaining popularity as a potential replacement for volatile organic solvents in various processes, such as catalysts, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and medicinal chemistry, due to their low toxicity, high thermal stability, and good solubility. Magnet-responsive ion gels with high magnetic susceptibility are promising and can be used as catalysts, sensors, and MRI contrast agents. Herein, we fabricated simple and novel magnet choline carbomer ionogels using a precipitation-deposition method with carbomers and choline hydroxide. The morphology and structure of the resulting ionogels were analyzed using various characterization techniques, including FTIR, EDX, TGA, and SEM spectroscopy. These magnet ionogels were effective catalysts for a one-pot, three-component synthesis of benzopyran derivatives, providing mild reaction conditions, environmental friendliness, and good to excellent (78–96%) yields within a short reaction time (1–2 h). Additionally, the magnet ionogels were easily recyclable, and they could be reused up to five times without catalytic deactivation.

This research studied the effect of electrolyte composition NaCl, Na2SO4 and CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, C19H42BrN) on the electrochemical synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles. The NaCl concentration was varied in three levels of 58.5, 117 and 175.5 (g/L); the Na2SO4 concentration was changed in three levels of 24, 32 and 48 (g/L) and the CTAB concentration was adjusted in four levels of 2, 4, 6 and 15 (g/L). The current density and temperature were kept constant at 0.4 (A/cm2) and 70 °C, respectively and the cathode-anode distance was set at 2.5 cm. The morphology, composition, particle size and distribution of the samples were examined by FESEM, XRD and DLS. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of electrolyte NaCl and Na2SO4 enhanced the purity of Cu2O. The Cu2O crystals were smaller than 100 nm and formed as polycrystalline. Moreover, higher concentration of NaCl than Na2SO4 led to a better result. CTAB effectively inhibited the growth of Cu2O nanoparticles and the particle size decreased with increasing CTAB. The optimal result was achieved in the sample with 4 (g/L) CTAB and 175 (g/L) NaCl. Cu2O nanoparticles with high purity and crystal size of 27.87 nm were produced.

The ecosystem-based approach has been accepted in Iran as a holistic way of wetlands management which is based on public participation and collaboration among different stakeholders that can affect and are impacted by wetlands basin. Surveys on the level of communication and interactions among these stakeholders have gotten very little attention in the existing literature , yet, are necessary and crucial for understanding the current situation of the region. This study aims to identify the key stakeholders and the level of their participation and cooperation in the sustainable use of satellite wetlands in the southern Urmia lake basin. For this purpose, after identifying the key stakeholders using the snowball sampling method and interviewing the stakeholders and activists effective on the protection and restoration of the wetland, the data was collected using interview tools and questionnaires, and the cooperation network matrix was formed. Then, the data was analyzed in UCINET software using the indices of in-degree, out-degree and betweenness centrality. The results of the research show that governmental organizations such as jahade keshavarzi, regional water company and urban water and sewage compared to other stakeholders, it has the most control and power in the organizational cooperation network and in contrast to civil society organizations, such as non-governmental organizations, farmers' organizations have the lowest in-degree centrality. Improper power and influence of NGOs and the local community in the stakeholder collaboration network could be a symptom of the dominant centralized, top-down, and hierarchical planning system in the watershed and wetlands resource management in this region.

Background Identifying healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) communication skills is crucial to improving patient outcomes. Iranian HCPs’ interpersonal communication skills (ICS) were validated using a culturally appropriate and indigenous scale. Materials and methods In November and December 2021, convenience sampling was used to collect data from 170 HCPs. Seven factors were covered by the questionnaire, which consisted of 30 items. In order to validate the scale, first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed. Various indices were used during the CFA, including Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Adjusted Goodness of Fit (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The Fornell-Larcker Criterion was used to assess discriminant validity. We analyzed the data in Lisrel 8.8 and SmartPLS 3.2.8. Results According to the Q2-index obtained from the blindfold test, the model had 44% predictive power. First-order CFA results showed acceptable indices (χ2 = 767.17; DF = 375; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.82; AGFI = 0.80; NFI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.22; RMSEA = 0.068). Furthermore, the second-order measurement model demonstrated adequate and desirable fit indices (χ2 = 797.24; DF = 381; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.82; AGFI = 0.78; NFI = 0.97; SRMR = 0.059; RMSEA = 0.068). General and listening skills were ranked highest in the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA). Conclusion HCPs could benefit from this scale as it can assist them in developing ICS. It is recommended that skills training programs be replicated among different populations to evaluate their effectiveness.

This study was conducted to develop a structural model for the relationship between sexual schemas, marital adjustment, sexual self-disclosure, and sexual anxiety in female sexual pain disorder by mediating social exchange styles. The statistical population included all women referred to sexual health clinics in Tehran. Using cluster sampling 220 eligible women were selected. The results of structural equation modeling showed a relatively good fit of the model. The results also showed that marital adjustment and sexual anxiety have a positive relationship and passionate-romantic gender schema and self-disclosure have a negative relationship with sexual pain disorder. The results indicate that the passionate-romantic and the embarrassed-conservation gender schema with the mediation of fairness style has an indirect effect on sexual pain disorder, while marital adjustment and sexual anxiety are directly involved in sexual pain disorder without the mediation of social exchange styles. The findings of the present study provide a useful framework for identifying the major components of sexual pain disorder which should be considered in prevention and treatment programs. Training and intervention based on the theory of social exchange, especially the fairness style, is proposed to sexual health practitioners for reducing the sexual problems of women with sexual pain disorder.

In this study, the adsorption behavior of anions (F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻) on the surface of the single-walled boron nitride nanotube (SWBNNT) is explored using density functional theory (DFT). The interaction between the ions with the pristine BNNT and the Ge-doped BNNT is performed in the solution phase. According to the obtained data, the F⁻@BNNT and F⁻@Ge-BNNT systems have the highest adsorption energy with values of − 329.85 and − 344.71 kJ/mol, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest values have been shown in Cl⁻@BNNT and Cl⁻@Ge-BNNT structures with values of − 31.17 and − 57.79 kJ/mol, respectively. During the complexation, a decrease in the energy gap (Eg) is accompanied by an increase in the reactivity and electrical conductivity. The HOMO–LUMO energy gaps are found to be the lowest in F⁻@Ge-BNNT with 5.311 eV followed by Cl⁻@Ge-BNNT and Br⁻@Ge-BNNT with 5.299 eV and 5.293 eV, respectively, while these values are 8.028, 8.048, and 7.992 eV for F⁻@BNNT, Cl⁻@BNNT and Br⁻@BNNT, respectively. The intermolecular interactions between the species are also evaluated using the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Finally, to confirm the obtained results, the calculated density of states is depicted.

Aim: To develop and employ a copper, sulfur, nitrogen–carbon quantum dot (C,S,N-CQD) multifunctional platform for synergistic cancer therapy, combining chemotherapy and photothermal treatment with in vitro cancer cell imaging. Materials & methods: Cu,S,N-CQDs were synthesized hydrothermally, loaded with disulfiram (DSF), and characterized through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, photoluminescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction and EDAX. Results: Cu,S,N-CQD exhibited 5.5% absolute fluorescence quantum yield, 46.0% photothermal conversion efficiency and excellent stability. The release of DSF-loaded Cu,S,N-CQD, photothermal performance, and IC 50 on PC3 prostate cancer cells, were evaluated. The impact of cellular glutathione on nanocarrier performance was investigated. Conclusion: Cu,S,N-CQD as a photothermal agent and DSF carrier showed synergy (combination index: 0.71) between chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. The nanocarrier simultaneously employed for in vitro cancer cell imaging due to its unique fluorescence properties.

We call a submodule N of an R-module M epi-superfluous in M if for any submodule L of M, \( L\,+\,N\,=\,M\) implies that L is an epimorphic image of M. Also, we call a submodule Y of an R-module M epi-supplement of X in M, if Y is epi-retractable with the property \(M\,=\,X\,+\,Y\). An R-module M is epi-supplemented if for all submodules \(X, X^{'}\) of M such that \(M\,=\,X\,+\,X^{'}\), there exists an epi-supplement Y of X in M such that \(Y\subseteq X^{'}\). Essential properties of these new concepts are studied. Moreover, we investigate the structures of epi-Noetherian and epi-Artinian modules with respect to their epi-superfluous and epi-supplement submodules.

In this paper, we extend the popular supervised learning technique Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) for regression modeling based on fuzzy responses and exact predictors. For this purpose, we suggest a penalized squared error ridge-based method to estimate the model components including fuzzy parameters and exact tuning constants. The performance of the newly proposed model is examined via established goodness-of-fit criteria and the effectiveness is demonstrated within some numerical application examples. Following the obtained results it is indicative that the fuzzy RBFN regression model outperforms conventional fuzzy nonlinear and multiple regression models and provides more accurate results for nonlinear regression problems.

Let \(\mathscr {M}_p(\alpha ;\varphi )\) denote the class of p-valently \(\alpha \)-convex functions by \(h(\xi )=\xi ^p+\sum _{j=p+1}^{\infty }a_j\xi ^j\) in the open unit disk \(\textbf{D}\), such that where, \(\varphi \) is an analytic convex univalent function with positive real part and \(\varphi (0)=1\). The symbol \(\prec \) is the subordinate relation. In the present paper, subordination theorem, sharp bounds for the Fekete–Szegö coefficient functional associated to h and the integral representation of the functions to this class are given. Also, the monotony of class \(\mathscr {M}_p(\alpha ;\varphi )\) with respect to parameter \(\alpha \) is shown. Moreover, we determine the order of starlikeness for class \(\mathscr {M}_p(\alpha ;\varphi _{A,B})\), where, Many well-known results appear as a special consequence of our work.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on reductive C–N coupling of nitro compounds and boronic acids, with special emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions. The metal-catalyzed reactions are discussed first. This is followed by electro-synthesis and organophosphorus-catalyzed reactions. Finally, the available examples of catalyst-free reactions will be covered at the end of this review.

In this paper, we consider the homogeneous Gödel-type spacetimes and we completely classify the Ricci bi-conformal vector fields on these spaces. Also, we show that all Ricci bi-conformal vector fields on homogeneous Gödel-type spacetimes are Killing vector fields and Ricci collineation vector fields.