Recent publications
A significant worldwide health concern is chronic wounds related to diabetes mellitus (DM), frequently leading to excised due to impaired healing processes exacerbated by secondary infections (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli ), neuropathy, and endothelial dysfunction. Doxycycline, recognized for inhibiting matrix metalloproteins (MMP-9), is essential for improving angiogenesis, cell migration, keratinocyte, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation for diabetic wound healing. This study explores the molecular interaction of doxycycline monohydrate with MMP-9 through in silico docking simulations using ArgusLab for protein preparation and BIOVIA Discovery Studio to analyze binding conformations and energy levels. Doxycycline-loaded nanoparticles (DOX-NPs) were synthesized using the ionic gelation process and characterized by the entrapment efficiency, Zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), size of the particle, FTIR spectra, and TEM. In vitro evaluations, encompassing antioxidant properties, drug release, antibacterial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and scratch assays on L929 fibroblast cells, revealed that DOX-NPs enhanced wound healing. The significant binding affinities between doxycycline and MMP-9 indicate the potential effectiveness of DOX-NPs application in diabetic wounds.
Eu3+-doped gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd3Ga5O12:xEu3+) phosphors with varying concentrations of Eu3+ were prepared by a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The phase purity and structure of the prepared phosphors were confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Gd3Ga5O12:xEu3+ were also investigated. The PL properties of the prepared GGG:Eu3+ phosphor exhibited strong emission in the orange–red region at 593–611 nm under ultraviolet (UV) excitation. This is because of 5D0→7F1 and 5D0→7F2 Eu3+ transitions. In the PL emission spectra of Gd3Ga5O12:xEu3+ (x = 0.01–0.08), variation in PL intensity was observed, and the optimal concentration was found at 5 mol.%. TL spectroscopy of Gd3Ga5O12:xEu3+ (x = 0.01–0.08) was also carried out, and the optimal concentration of Eu3+ ions based on the TL glow curve was 2 mol.%. Upon varying the UV exposure time for the GGG phosphor doped with 2 mol.% Eu3+ ions, the maximum intensity was observed for 20 min of UV exposure, with a peak centered at 97°C. Color chromaticity and purity were also measured.
Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutrition adopted have been significantly reported to impact the occurrence and frequency of acne. It typically occurs over the regions of the forehead, upper chest, and back of the body, which are regions with high proportions of active sebaceous follicles. The market today is flooded with the pool of anti-acne medications (oral, topical/systemic) that contain either a single therapeutic agent or a blend targeting multiple pathological pathways. However, the clinical applicability of these preparations is limited due to formulation stability, drug penetrability, and targeting, the incidence of secondary effects, antibiotic resistance, etc. Moreover, the effectiveness of the former therapies varies as per the type and severity of acne. Therefore, it is necessary to extensively research skin physiology under normal and diseased conditions so that newer, safer, and more effective medications can be devised. Moreover, their safety and efficacy should be validated by employing various acne models, and their comparative profiling should be done with standard marketed anti-acne preparations. Acne models assist to uncover the complex disease pathogenesis and identify the potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This review is an attempt to highlight varied in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo testing procedures done to assess drug efficacy, track disease progression, and compare test substances with existing treatments. By presenting a unified approach to acne modeling, this review will assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate model for their specific research goals, helping them to generate valuable and reproducible data to support the development of effective acne therapies.
The present study dealt with the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and built-up dynamics for four round-1 smart cities within a period of 20 years (2001-2021) using satellite-based remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The study also presented predictive aspects of built-up dynamics by the year 2031. Various layers contribute to urban growth viz. slope, population density, distance to Central Business District (CBD), major roads, and drainage were analyzed and prepared. The Cellular Automata (CA) model was applied using the previous years' layers and the thematic ones to predict the spatial extent of the year 2031. Thresholds for all thematic layers based on spatial proximity were selected for various classes of these factors. Built-up change rate for all the four round-1 smart cities viz. Ahmedabad (the year 2001 ~ 183.79 km 2 , the year 2021 ~ 252.3 km 2), Chennai (the year 2001 ~ 102.45 km 2 , the year 2021 ~ 137.07 km 2), Jaipur (the year 2001 ~ 132.73 km 2 , the year 2021 ~ 221.71 km 2) and Surat (the year 2001 ~ 97.73 km 2 , the year 2021 ~ 158.79 km 2) has shown a dynamic growth from 2001-2021. The study also revealed transition states of land cover classes between 2021 and 2031. The comparison between actual and simulated changes for the year 2021 showed the model's accuracy assessment. The estimates also revealed a continuous increment in the impervious state of the urban surface due to urban expansion. Thus, satellite image-based LULC classification, built-up mapping, and model-based prediction could be utilized for planning infrastructure development.
Beta-Calcium orthosilicate (β-Ca2SiO4) doped with different concentrations of Ce3+ and Dy3+ in the presence of Li+ ions was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. The structural phase purity was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), resulting in all peaks matching well with JCPDS data file 86-0398. The average crystallite size of the phosphors was calculated using the Williamson-Hall (W-H) method. The formation and purity of the products were further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the phosphors were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Under 294 nm excitation, Ca2SiO4:Ce3+ Phosphor shows two emission bands at 310 and 390 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) studies revealed emission spectra at 481 nm (blue) and 577 nm (yellow) when excited by 350 nm. The blue emission at 481 nm is attributed to the magnetic dipole transition of 4F9/2 → 6H15/2, while the yellow emission at 577 nm is related to the electric dipole transition of 4F9/2 → 6H13/2. The energy transfer mechanism between Ce3+ and Dy3+ ions was studied, and the critical distance (Rc) was calculated to be 14.66 Å. The optimum PL intensity was observed for 2 mol % of Dy3+. Li+ ions were used as charge compensators, enhancing the luminescence intensity. Different concentrations of Li+ ions (1.0 – 3.0 mol %) also showed maximum intensity at 2 mol %. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) 1931 color coordinates of Ca2SiO4 indicate suitability as a white lightemitting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs).
The skin is a dynamic tissue that consists of different layers such as stratum corneum, the site for keratinocyte development and maturation for the natural changeover of skin. In psoriasis, this natural development of keratinocytes gets disturbed and aggregation of nucleated keratinocytes takes place in the epidermis of the skin, leading to the presence of scaly skin which makes the patient physically, socially, and psychologically ill. Various natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic treatments are available. Still, semisynthetic or synthetic are mainly used to treat psoriasis with side effects on different parts of the body, which is life-threatening. Various molecular target sites are getting upregulated such as JAK/STATs, PDE4, MAPK, Pan Selectin, TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17, and Tyk2 in psoriasis. Plants and their bioactive compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, resins, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids category are used in the treatment of psoriasis as topical, oral, and biological forms. Using a computational approach, the inhibition of these molecular targets can be studied and potential molecules can be identified. This research paper aims to find out the potential molecules that can inhibit the molecular sites and effective than synthetic ones.
Background
Menopause refers to the natural process of the “cessation of the menstrual cycle.” This phase predominantly affects aged women and can lead to various symptoms such as hot flashes, insomnia, night sweats, and sexual dysfunction, among others. Unfortunately, many women remain unaware of this condition, and some even choose to overlook the symptoms. However, those who recognize the symptoms consult with a doctor, who may recommend Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Initially, Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be effective, but prolonged use can result in side effects. To mitigate these effects, there is a need to explore and investigate herbal therapies as an alternative treatment for menopausal symptoms.
Objective
The objective of this review is to explore and summarize various herbs used in managing menopausal symptoms as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy.
Methods
For this review, we conducted a literature survey spanning from 1998 to 2023. We used keywords such as menopause, endocrinology, hormone replacement therapy, and herbs used for reducing menopausal symptoms to search databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciDirect. Relevant data were sourced from various journals like Plos One, JAMA, Frontier, Drug in Context, MDPI, Molecules, BMC Women's Health, Research Gate, Heliyon, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Nutrients, JMM, Wiley, OXFORD, Hindawi, Clinical Phytoscience, Pharmaceuticals, Phytomedicine, and Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society.
Results
The literature review encompassed 40 research articles and 200 review articles, including randomized controlled trials. The findings revealed that several herbal plants, including Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum, Actaea racemosa, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Oenothera biennis, Trifolium pratense, Humulus lupulus, Vitex agnus-castus, Valeriana officinalis, Linum usitatissimum, Cannabis sativa, and Asparagus racemosus, have shown efficacy in treating menopausal symptoms.
Conclusion
In conclusion, medicinal plants can play a significant role in managing acute menopausal syndrome. The intent of this review is to highlight the most recent research on estrogenic plants for medicinal purposes and their therapeutic impact on cognitive deficiencies brought on by estrogen shortage during menopause and aging.
The Raigarh district is a home for various tribal groups, such as, Kanwars, Oraon, Gonds, Majhi and Birhors. The research paper focuses on traditional Tattoo art as practiced by various tribal groups of the region. The tribal perceive tattooing as a permanent identification mark which accompanies a person to next life. It is considered vital for the young tribal girls to have tattooing before their marriage. it is also believed to have healing effect. Diversified motifs of tribal art include human figures (dancing scenes, palms and soles), animal figures, plant figures, natural scenes along with non-geometric and geometric designs. Relatively greater concentration of motifs is observed on walls and floors of worshiping places. These motifs are expression of their cultural beliefs system related to their clan Gods, rituals, magic, mythology and folklores Some of tattoo motifs, such as, Symbolic human figures, animals figures (Scorpion, Centipedes, Sparrows), Plant figures (leaves, Creeper, Flowers) exhibit broad similarities to those of ancient rock art of the region. These ethnographic parallels provide useful clues for reconstructing life ways of ancient communities. Tribal groups, by and large, have been living in their homeland since remote past. While impact of interactions with non-tribal communities in recent past has brought some changes in their traditional occupation, food, dress etc., there is virtually no change in case of their magico religious practices, beliefs in clan Gods, mythology and folklore. Thus, it may be hypothesized that motifs observed in the tribal art have been playing cultural role related to their magico-religious practices, clan Gods, folklores and mythology, since the time their remote ancestors were occupying rock shelters.
Problem statement: To provide better prospects to the respondent tribes. context of the work was based onquestionnaire. To improves economic self dependence. Approach: The questionnaire based progress did byauthors to solve the problem. Identification of area, selection of individual / population, collecting primary databy the method of questionnaire, secondary data collection by different source such as magazine, reports,publication etc. evaluation on the socioeconomic empowerment of tribal women through sericulture. Results:Socioeconomic upliftment done through the research, income level get doubled. We found positive correlationtowards the economic upliftment. Change the life style of tribes due to economic growth and development.Without effecting, the traditional occupation, upliftment occurs in the field of sericulture. Conclusion: Due tolocal employment generation, inter state migration is checked thus resulted additional income generated.Moreover they had regular saving habit. It is noteworthy that due to above facts no environmental hazardsdevelop by the tribes. After adopting the sericulture, they need not go to money lenders or any middle man thusresulted their self-respect elevated and they recognized socially. They also released from the debt ness.
Numerous antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have been discovered in the present scenario, leading to drug development challenges. The concerning of drug development has needed to search for new antimicrobial agents. The mushrooms are a rich source of potential antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antimicrobial potential of the polar solvent (hot water, methanol, and ethanol) extracts of four wild polypore mushrooms (Daedaleopsis confragosa (from two different sites), Schizophyllum commune and Laetiporus sulphurous) was estimated. The present study's in vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated by the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against pathogen and non-pathogenic microbes, including bacterium (Bacillus cereus McR-3, Bacillus subtilis BAB 2437 and Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182) and fungus (Aspergillus ustus MTCC 2200 and Cunninghamella elegans MTCC 552) respectively. The result revealed that the isolated extract showed a selective antimicrobial capacity. The growth inhibitory analysis indicated that all the polar solvent extracts showed antimicrobial properties. The methanolic extracts revealed maximum antibacterial, and similarly, water and ethanol extracts gave moderate antifungal activities. The result suggested that polypore mushroom has the best natural resources, including good antimicrobial activity potency and nutritional constituents for human health. Therefore, it recommends developing a remedy for human health instead of synthesized drugs.
Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also called male-pattern hair loss, is a hair loss condition facilitated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the potent form of testosterone. The hallmark of this disorder is a patterned decrease in scalp hair density. In androgenic alopecia, 5α-reductase iso-enzyme, which is responsible for conversion of testosterone to DHT, is increased in the scalp follicles. In the presence of DHT, hair cycle is shortened and progressively miniaturizes scalp follicles. Like most tissues, hair undergoes continuous turnover throughout life. Hair follicles are replaced periodically; the time interval is dependent on location and by the process of hair cycling. AGA occurs in a sequential step. In genetically predisposed men the initial development is bitemporal recession, followed by diffuse frontal loss and after there a bald patch over the vertex of the scalp accurse. Ultimately, all the hair over the crown is lost. With each new cycle, hair follicles are regenerated and follicular stem cells are responsible for this and recapitulate many of the signals of embryologic development. Various factors are influence and alter the regenerating hair follicle with advancing age. In this review, the recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of androgenic alopecia are discussed. The recent developments in the pharmacotherapy of this condition is also reviewed and presented.
Cancer is a complex disorder characterized by the unregulated proliferation of cells that have the potential to invade other regions of the body. It stems from genetic alterations in various cell types, resulting in tumor formation. These growths are classified as benign [noncancerous] or malignant [cancerous]. Unlike benign tumors, which typically remain localized, malignant tumors can spread, infiltrate nearby tissues, and establish secondary growth in organs far from the original site. The treatment approach depends on the specific type and progression of cancer, encompassing options such as surgical intervention, radiation-based therapies, drug-based treatments, immune system-boosting techniques, and therapies targeting particular cellular mechanisms. Skin cancer is a common occurrence among various cancer types, especially in populations with lighter skin tones. Skin cancer is a prevalent form of cancer, particularly in the Caucasian population. The most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], and melanoma. BCCs, which arise from the basal layer of the epidermis, are often treated with surgery, topical therapies, or cryotherapy depending on their risk and location. Mohs micrographic surgery is effective for high-risk or recurrent BCCs, whereas topical treatments such as 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod are used for superficial BCCs. Early diagnosis through biopsy and various imaging techniques is crucial for effective management. Advances in treatment, including targeted therapies and improved surgical techniques, continue to enhance patient outcomes and reduce recurrence rates. Understanding these diverse aspects of cancer and skin cancer will help devise effective treatment strategies and improve patient prognosis.
The primary purpose of the present work was to formulate folic acid (FA) conjugated biogenic sliver nanoparticles (AgNPs) loaded with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DSP is the potent glucocorticoids (GCs) which reduce the inflammatory cytokines but its application is restricted due to its unfavourable pharmacokinetics and significant adverse effects. Biogenic AgNPs were prepared from Piper nigrum (Pn@AgNPs) with chitosan as a stabilizing agent and loaded with DSP (DSP-Pn@AgNPs). DSP-Pn@AgNPs was optimized using response surface methodology, which was further modified with FA (FA-DSP-Pn@AgNPs). The conjugation of FA with DSP-Pn@AgNPs was verified by ¹H-NMR. FTIR and EDX analyses identified certain functional groups and quantified the presence of silver ions in the nanoconstructs, respectively. The XRD pattern of FA-DSP-Pn@AgNPs revealed its crystalline structure, whereas its spherical shape has been confirmed via images of SEM and TEM. The in vitro release of DSP from FA-DSP-Pn@AgNPs showed 94% release at pH 6.5 within 48 h, through Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. FA-DSP-Pn@AgNPs show antioxidant capacity by inhabiting DPPH, H2O2, OH, and NO radicals, along with anti-inflammatory properties such as anti-proteinase, lipoxygenase, collagenase, and elastase. The study also found no significant cytotoxic effect on non-LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, confirming systemic drug toxicity reduction. On the other hand, it significantly reduces LPS-stimulated cell line implying a probable anti-inflammatory action in RA. Thus, this study presents a synergistic action to guide the rational design of multifunctional anti-RA nanoconstructs, which show promise for clinical use.
Edible and medicinal mushrooms are valuable sources of polysaccharides, known for their dual roles as immunostimulants and immunosuppressants. This study aimed to enhance polysaccharide content by fusing two mushroom species, P. florida and C. militaris, while exploring their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. These mushrooms have diverse health benefits, including lowering high cholesterol, providing anti-inflammatory effects, supporting diabetes management, aiding in cancer treatment, and enhancing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Successful hyphal fusion was achieved, and optimal culture conditions were determined using response surface methodology. The hybrids exhibited superior growth compared to the parental strains. Hyphal fusion improved several attributes, resulting in diverse hybrids with increased biomass and metabolite production. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of exopolysaccharides, with concentrations measured at 28.4 g/L (P1), 31.50 g/L (CD), and 36.74 g/L (F3). GC–MS analysis identified various bioactive metabolites, including a higher concentration of dimethyl palmitamine in the hybrid, a novel compound, butanenitrile, 2-(methoxymethoxy), which was not found in the parental strains. These compounds are likely responsible for the enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
Graphical Abstract
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