Pamukkale University

Internet is women's primary source of information about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus. The aim of this study was to determine the associations of electronic health literacy with cervical cancer and human papillomavirus awareness among women of reproductive age. This is a cross-sectional study. The research sample consisted of 330 women of reproductive age (15-49 years), who were admitted to family health centers. The data were collected between July and August 2023 using eHealth Literacy Scale and the Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Awareness Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the predictors of cervical cancer and human papillomavirus awareness. In this study, the mean score of women's knowledge about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus was found to be low (4.54 ± 3.94), and the mean score of threat perception was found to be moderate (45.60 ± 6.54). eHealth literacy was found to be a predictor of women's knowledge about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus and threat perception. This result suggests that eHealth literacy should be considered for interventions to increase knowledge and awareness of women about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus.

This study focused on the anatomical examination of root formation in cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) cuttings. A total of 210 cuttings were prepared from 1‑year-old shoots and planted in perlite medium under greenhouse conditions to assess their rooting performance. The rooting process of the cuttings was monitored for 150 days, with particular emphasis on the presence of leaves and cutting thickness. The number of roots in cherry laurel cuttings ranged from 2.33 to 19.38, with root length varying between 28.84 and 126.75 mm, root thickness between 1.52 and 2.51 mm, and the number of new leaves between 0.16 and 1.13. In anatomical examinations, the newly formed adventitious roots were fleshy, white, and highly fragile, developing rapidly. Our findings suggest that adventitious roots primarily originate from the vascular region (cambium, medullary rays, and secondary phloem parenchyma). Moreover, sclerenchyma cells in the phloem did not pose a mechanical barrier to root primordia formation. The study concluded that cherry laurel exhibits a high propensity for rooting, significantly influenced by factors such as the presence of leaves on the cuttings and cutting thickness. Further research focusing on molecular mechanisms and genetic variability could further enhance our understanding and application of cherry laurel in horticulture.

Purpose This study aimed to assess the quality, reliability, content, and usefulness of YouTube videos related to anesthesia in geriatric and elderly patients. Methods Using Google Trends, the most popular search terms in the past five years, “geriatric anesthesia” and “anesthesia in the elderly,” were identified. A search on YouTube using these terms initially yielded 200 of the most viewed videos for each term. After applying exclusion criteria, 87 videos were included for detailed analysis. Major themes and topics related to anesthesia in geriatric and elderly patients were identified using a pre-determined qualitative thematic analysis method. The usefulness of the videos was assessed using the specially developed Geriatric and Elderly Anesthesia Usefulness Score (GAEUS). The overall quality and reliability of the videos were evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the Modified DISCERN Scale (M-DISCERN), respectively. The average of the quality, reliability, and usefulness scores calculated by the researchers was used for consistency analysis. Results In our study, 48.3% (42) of the videos on geriatric and elderly patients concerning anesthesia on YouTube were created by personal blogs. The quality of the videos was measured using the GQS, with a mean score of 3.34 and a median of 3 (range: 1–5), showing no significant difference according to the video source ( p = 0.166). Reliability was assessed using the M-DISCERN scale, with a mean score of 3.37 and a median of 3.50 (range: 1–5), again showing no significant difference according to the video source ( p = 0.097). Usefulness was measured using the GAEUS score, with a mean score of 15.30 and a median of 12.5 (range: 2–63), which showed a significant difference according to the video source ( p = 0.000). The average duration of videos with low usefulness was 31.59 minutes (range: 5–44), while the average duration of moderately and highly useful videos was 59.37 minutes (range: 19.44–119.05). This duration difference was statistically significant ( u = 2.569, p = 0.010). Conclusion In our study, we examined YouTube videos covering anesthesia topics for geriatric and elderly patients. The highest usefulness scores were obtained from personal blogs; however, all sources generally showed low usefulness. The quality of the videos was assessed using the GQS, and their reliability was evaluated with the M-DISCERN. On both scales, the videos showed moderate performance across all sources. These findings indicate a need for more comprehensive and informative content on YouTube, especially for the education of healthcare professionals and patients. To better address the needs of elderly patients, the richness of content and educational value of these videos should be enhanced.

This study compares the emotion regulation, intent attribution, and emotional and psychological well-being (PWB) of children who lost their loved ones in the earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye on February 6, 2023, with children who were not directly affected by the earthquakes and who were nonbereaved. The participants consisted of 216 children living in earthquake zones who were bereaved and 202 children who were not living in earthquake zones and were nonbereaved. As a result of the study, it was found that the PWB and emotion regulation of children who were nonbereaved were statistically significantly higher than those of children who were bereaved. No significant difference was found between bereaved and nonbereaved children in terms of intent attribution. In addition, it was determined that significant positive relationships existed between PWB and emotion regulation in children who were nonbereaved. These relationships were seen at a lower level in children who were bereaved.

Purpose To analyze the relationship of the height of the pituitary gland (HPG) with the heights of the dorsum sellae (HDS) and tuberculum sellae (HTS) on pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views. Methods MRI slices of 180 healthy children (100 males and 80 females) aged 1–18 years were included in the study. Results Average HPG, HTS and HDS values were determined as 6.66 ± 1.58 mm, 10.97 ± 1.99 mm, 13.62 ± 2.67 mm, respectively. No statistically significant difference was determined between the measurements in term of sex. All parameters correlated with pediatric ages. HPG increased up to the prepubescent period, and decreased after this period (p < 0.001). HDS and HTS increased with an irregular pattern (p < 0.001). There were six children (3.33%) with HPG > 10 mm. There was no child with HPG/HDS > 1 or HPG/HTS > 1. Conclusion This work provided three substantial additions to the literature as follows: (a) all pediatric HPGs were distinctly smaller than HDSs and HTSs, (b) some children (3.33%) at puberty (age range: 10–14 years), regardless of sex, might have a HPG > 10 mm, even though there was no pathology at the pituitary gland, and (c) to our knowledge, this retrospective MRI examination evaluated the relation of HPG with variant sella morphology in normal children for the first time in the literature.

Background Effective haemodialysis management is crucial, and behavioural change interventions are essential for good haemodialysis self-management. However, no study explores the effects of Watson’s theory such as the humanistic approach to behavioural change in haemodialysis. Aims To evaluate the effects of motivational interviewing and an education programme based on Watson’s theory on adherence to treatment, satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) on haemodialysis. Methods This study was conducted in Turkey. Intervention group received four sessions of motivational interviewing and an education programme based on Watson’s theory, and the control group received routine care. The primary outcomes were adherence to fluid intake, diet and medication, attendance at haemodialysis sessions, satisfaction and HRQOL. The secondary outcomes were laboratory parameters. Results Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention ( n = 32) or the control group ( n = 28). There were statistically significant between-group differences in adherence to fluid intake, diet and medication, and the kidney disease burden sub-dimension of HRQOL, with medium to large effect sizes. There was no difference in laboratory parameters. Participants showed high levels of satisfaction with this programme. Conclusions This study provides evidence for nurses regarding Watson’s theory-based programme in a haemodialysis population. Results will help nurses to develop and practice customised effective interventions for haemodialysis.

This study investigated the simultaneous applicability of sintering (S) and vacuum carburizing (VC) processes of pre-alloyed powder metallurgy (PM) steel parts by vacuum-carbosintering (VCS) method in industrial-type low-pressure vacuum carburizing (LPVC) furnaces. In this context, the specimens were subjected to S, S + VC (VCS) and direct VCS heat treatments after warm pressing (WP). Subsequently, mechanical tests and microstructure characterization were carried out. In the specimens, a density value of 6.39 g/cm3 was obtained after WP. This value increased to 6.74 g/cm3 after VCS heat treatment, but this increase remained limited. A final density value of 7.32 g/cm3 was obtained after SVC heat treatment. While VCS specimens had a surface carbon concentration of 1.798 wt.%C, SVC specimens have a surface carbon concentration of 1.179 wt.%C. The carbon concentration decreased from the surface to the center, and this decrease occurred faster in VCS specimens. While VCS specimens had a case depth of ~ 2 mm, SVC specimens had a case depth of ~ 2.5 mm. After VC heat treatment, SVC specimens had a surface hardness of 517.7 HV1.0. VCS specimens had a surface hardness of 478.1 HV1.0. S specimens had the lowest hardness value (98.1 HV1.0). The lowest three-point bending strength was obtained as 192.3 MPa in S specimens. These specimens exhibited a uniform elongation of 3.5%. VC heat treatment increased the three-point bending strength of the specimens. The highest three-point bending strength was obtained as 248 MPa in SVC specimens. This value was 157 MPa in VCS specimens. Both specimens did not exhibit uniform elongation. The results of the study showed that the S and VC processes of PM steel parts can be successfully applied simultaneously using the VCS method in industrial-type LPVC furnaces.

Primary and secondary involvement of the thyroid gland by CLL has been reported as extremely rare in the literature. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology is one of the primary diagnostic procedures for determining the nature of suspicious thyroid nodules. Clinical information is particularly important during cytomorphological evaluation, especially in patients with a history of hematological malignancy. We report a case of a 58‐year‐old woman diagnosed with CLL, presenting with thyroid gland involvement 8 years after the initial diagnosis. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology revealed an infiltrative cellular smear with coarse chromatin and monomorphic cells displaying a tortoise shell pattern within a colloid‐containing background. Diagnostic confirmation was achieved through flow cytometric analysis of the aspirated fluid material. In patients with a history of hematologic malignancy, careful evaluation is required when a lymphocytic background is observed in aspirations, and additional methods should be employed if necessary. Distinguishing between primary and secondary lymphomas of the thyroid gland is clinically significant, as their treatment and prognosis differ substantially.

This study investigated the relationship between engineering habits of mind (EHoM) and self-regulation (SR) skills in 5- to 6-year-old children. The study employed a relational survey method and included 25 teachers and 400 children in their classrooms as participants. Data were collected using validated scales measuring engineering habits of mind and self-regulation skills and were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The study’s findings revealed a significant positive relationship between engineering habits of mind and self-regulation skills. Self-regulation components such as attentional flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control are moderately positively related to systems thinking, optimism, creativity, collaboration, communication, and attention to ethical considerations, which are components of engineering habits of mind. Our findings contribute to the studies on self-regulation skills and engineering habits of mind, which are increasingly prevalent in early childhood.

Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) on body weight (BW), fat distribution, and key molecular markers related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1(SREBP-1) in young (3-month-old) and middle-aged (16-month-old) rats. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group1 (ad libitum(AL)-fed young rats), Group2 (ADF-young rats), Group3 (AL-fed middle-aged rats), and Group4 (ADF-middle-aged rats). ADF was implemented as a 24 h feeding period followed by 24 h of fasting for 28 days. Serum and liver samples were analyzed via ELISA for SREBP-1, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) levels. Results Compared with Group-1, Group-3 had significantly greater BW and retroperitoneal fat content ( p = 0.001). ADF reduced BW in young rats (Group-2 vs. Group-1, p = 0.015) but not in middle-aged rats (Group-4 vs. Group-3, p = 0.073). ADF significantly reduced fat accumulation in middle-aged rats (Group-4 vs . Group-3 p = 0.001), although fat accumulation was greater in middle-aged rats than in young rats ( p = 0.001). Serum and liver PERK,GRP78,ATF6, and SREBP-1 levels were significantly greater in AL-fed middle-aged rats (Group-3 vs . Group-1, p < 0.05), indicating that ERS and lipid dysregulation increase with age. ADF significantly reduced these markers in middle-aged rats (Group-4 vs . Group-3, p < 0.05), suggesting a protective effect. Additionally, ADF lowered serum and liver SREBP-1 levels in young rats (Group-2 vs . Group-1, p = 0.003), highlighting its role in lipid metabolism regulation. Conclusions ADF appears to be a promising nonpharmacological approach for mitigating age-related metabolic and molecular disturbances. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term effects and translational potential in human aging. Graphical Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MStim on incontinence‐related clinical parameters, quality of life (QoL), sexual function, depression and anxiety in patients with UI after RP. Methods Forty men with UI after RP were randomized into two groups using the random numbers generator as follows: Group 1 received MStim ( n : 20), and Group 2 Sham‐MStim (control) ( n : 20). MStim and Sham‐Mstim were performed with MStim therapy armchair (Novamag NT60), 2 days a week, 20 min a day, a total of 16 sessions for 8 weeks. Men were evaluated in terms of improvement rates (primary outcome), severity of incontinence (24 h‐pad test), frequency of voiding, nocturia, incontinence episodes, number of pads, (3‐day bladder diary) anxiety‐depression (HADS), QoL (IIQ‐7), sexual function (IIEF), and continence rates and treatment satisfaction. Results While there was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters except erectile function, sexual desire, and intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction subgroups of sexual function and depression Group 1, a statistically significant improvement was found only in the severity of incontinence and bladder diary parameters in Group 2 at the 8th week compared to the baseline values ( p < 0.05). At the end of treatment; the severity of incontinence, nocturia, incontinence episodes, QoL, total and orgasmic function subgroups of sexual function and anxiety were significantly improved in Group 1 compared to Group 2 at the 8th week ( p < 0.05). The improvement rates (75.0% vs. 26.3%), continence rates (45.0% vs. 15.8%), and treatment satisfaction (effect size: d = 1.23) were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion MStim is a clinically feasible treatment option that is well tolerated with no serious side effects and is more effective than sham on both UI related clinical parameters and QoL, anxiety and sexual function in men with UI after RP. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04644614.

This study examined the educational approaches (educare, educere, or holistic) of researchers publishing on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within the context of UNESCO's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 agenda. Utilizing a bibliometric review and content analysis of 630 peer‐reviewed articles from the Web of Science (WoS) database, the study identified trends in publication outputs and thematic evolution. Results indicated a shift from traditional educare approaches focused on knowledge transmission to more holistic frameworks that integrate cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions of learning. Notably, an increasing number of researchers have adopted the educere approach, emphasizing critical thinking and student empowerment, aligning with UNESCO's goals for fostering global citizenship. Key thematic developments included the growing recognition of interconnectedness between education and sustainability, reflecting a broader trend toward holistic education. The findings highlight the importance of balancing educare, educere, and holistic approaches to advance sustainable education and meet global challenges.

Matrix methods are extremely useful for deriving some well-known Fibonacci properties such as Cassini identity, d’Ocagne identity, and the convolution property. In this work, a particular matrix was defined, such as the matrix used by Mc Laughlin [11]. Using this new matrix, some well-known important and fundamental properties of generalized Fibonacci-like sequences are given. Later, many identities containing the elements of these sequences were obtained through the proposed matrix. Moreover, some equations obtained in this study have not been studied in the literature. The use of the matrix discussed here can be used to generalize some of the work that has been done to find significant identities.

Objective Anchusa officinalis L. (A. officinalis) is a herbaceous traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of some diseases. The presence of its medicinal properties suggested that A. officinalis (AO) leaf extract could be used as a coating agent for the environmentally friendly production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods The synthesized biogenic silver nanoparticles (AO-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against common bacterial pathogenic strains was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The presence of phytochemicals was determined by LSMS/MS. The MTT assay was used to investigate AO-AgNPs’ cytotoxic activity in malignant (LnCap, Caco2, MDA-MB2, A549) and healthy (HEK-293) cell lines. Results LC-MS/MS analysis detected the presence of rich phytochemicals that may be responsible for reduction reactions. Biogenic AO-AgNPs exhibited effective inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at low concentrations. The most effective antimicrobial activity was measured as 0.5 µg/mL MIC against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Moreover, AO-AgNPs showed significant inhibition on the growth of cancerous cell lines, especially at a concentration of 25 μg/mL. On the contrary, it was determined that the inhibition rate decreased in the growth of healthy cell lines due to the increase in concentration. The lowest EC50 values were determined as 15.15 µg/mL in A549 cells. Conclusion The obtained results showed that AO could be an important source for the synthesis of AgNPs. Especially their ability to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria at low concentrations compared to common antibiotics indicates that AO-AgNPs can be used as biomedical agents in various areas. Moreover, their suppressive effect on cancerous cell lines showed that they have the potential to be used as an anticancer agent, but due to their proliferative effect on healthy cell lines, care should be taken in determining the appropriate dose.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents applied immediately after bleaching on the colour stability, whiteness index and whiteness index difference of enamel. Methods One hundred enamel samples from bovine incisors were divided into two groups for at-home and in-office bleaching. The samples were further divided into five subgroups: (1) Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), (2) Casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), (3) Calcium glycerophosphate, fluoride (CaGP, F), (4) Hydroxyapatite, fluoride (HAp, F), and (5) control. After treatment, all samples were stained with red wine. Color measurements were taken at baseline, after bleaching, after remineralization, and after staining using a dental spectrophotometer. Optical parameters included L*, a*, b*, CIEDE2000 color difference (ΔE00), whiteness index for dentistry (WID), and whiteness index difference (ΔWID). Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Dunn tests. Results Color and whiteness differences after bleaching were statistically similar between in-office and at-home bleaching (p > 0.05). Remineralization protocols had no significant effect on enamel color or whiteness across all groups (p > 0.05), but significant differences were found between the CPP-ACPF, CaGP, F, HAp, F, and control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of remineralization agents after bleaching was found to be ineffective on color and whiteness change of bleached enamel. Remineralization agents containing HAp, CPP-ACP and CaGP, respectively, were found to be more successful in terms of color stability.

Objectives We aimed to determine the effects of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) and melatonin on the kidney in rats with ischemia‐reperfusion injury. Methods Sixty male rats were divided into six groups: Control group (C) ( n : 10), Sham group (S) ( n : 10), Ischemia Reperfusion group (IR) ( n : 10), Group that was treated with melatonin intraperitoneally after ischemia reperfusion (IR+M) ( n : 10), Group in which AD‐MSCs were applied locally after ischemia reperfusion (IR+MSC) ( n : 10), and group that after IR, melatonin and AD‐MSCs were administered (IR+MSC+M) ( n : 10). Five rats from each group were sacrificed on day 3 and five of them on day 14. Blood samples were analyzed for BUN and creatinine. Histological analysis was performed. Results BUN and creatinine levels were higher in the IR group compared to the groups ( p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in creatinine levels in the IR+MSC+M group on day 14. BUN levels decreased significantly in the M and IR+MSC+M groups ( p < 0.05). Losses in the glomerular epithelium and tubule cells, enlargement, and hemorrhage areas in the bowman space were detected in the IR group. The histologic scoring was significantly lower in the IR+MSC+M group on the 14th day ( p < 0.05). While Caspase‐3 and Bax expression increased in the IR group, it decreased in the treatment group, especially on day 14 ( p < 0.05). Bcl‐2 expression was negative in all structures in the IR group, whereas it was increased in the treatment groups. The apoptosis rate was highest in the IR group and decreased in the treatment groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Melatonin and MSC were effective in ischemia–reperfusion injury by improving renal function and inducing the anti‐apoptotic pathway.

We introduce a specific deformed Bose gas model, whose underlying quasiparticle algebra is related to the κ-deformed bosonic oscillator algebra. We then develop the statistical distribution function of a gas model of the κ-deformed bosons containing finite and infinite dimensional cases. We investigate interpolating statistics behavior of this deformed model and apply it to lattice oscillations via the Debye crystal model. The effect of the deformation parameter κ onto the low-temperature behavior of the model specific heat is discussed and is compared with the results of both the standard phonon gas and the ones with the Tsallis non-extensive statistics. Another application is carried out onto the Bose-like condensation of this deformed model and the conditions under which the κ-deformed boson condensation would occur in such a system are discussed. It is shown that the critical temperature of the κ-deformed boson gas with the infinite dimensional case is higher than that of the ideal Bose gas, while it has lower values than those of the ideal Bose gas for the finite dimensional case. We consider that the results obtained in this work may provide much physical insight into further studies on strongly correlated quantum materials as well as interacting theories of bosons including collective excitations, where unconventional quantum statistics might have an important role.