Omsk State University

The main cause of increased mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is heart failure (HF). HF leads to an increase in the number of hospitalizations, a deterioration in the quality of life and prognosis. As the incidence of HF in DM2 is constantly increasing, there is increased interest in optimal diagnostic and prognostic algorithms using a panel of circulating biomarkers to ensure timely diagnosis, improve disease treatment and patient prognosis. As the number of new HF biomarkers is growing rapidly, this review outlines the most promising and accessible biomarkers associated with fibrosis, a key pathophysiological mechanism of HF, and describes their usefulness for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and screening of HF in DM2, as well as existing limitations.

The research and publications of the last decade have radically changed traditional medical concepts and our understanding of the possible interrelationship/comorbidity of organs and body systems. A lot of research is devoted to studying the relationship between the gut microbiome and various diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are chronic inflammatory diseases that are increasingly affecting millions of people worldwide, posing a major public health challenge. We searched the Pubmed and Scopus information databases for articles published before 04/01/2025 that examined the relationship between IBD and PD. Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses demonstrate the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease. Possible mechanisms of this relationship include changes in the intestinal microbiota, interaction along the gut-brain axis, and common molecular genetic mechanisms, the most interesting example being LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which was initially identified as a causative gene in Parkinson’s disease, and then its involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases was established. The presented review suggests the need for further prospective studies to clarify the relationship between inflammatory bowel diseases and Parkinson’s disease. The review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding the systemic consequences of changes in the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases and their potential impact on brain health. The modulation of the gut microbiome, taking into account their possible impact on Parkinson’s disease, has a promising potential for improving prevention and treatment through innovative therapeutic strategies, especially in comorbid patients.

Background . The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a serious public health problem, hampering the success of tuberculosis control programs around the world. Aim : Evaluation of epidemiological manifestations of tuberculosis and molecular genetic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with multiple drug resistance circulating in the Omsk region. Materials and methods . In accordance with the generally accepted algorithm of descriptive and evaluative epidemiological research, the incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in the Omsk region for the period 2009–2023 were studied. The material for the study was the data from official statistical observation forms. A total of 595 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from newly diagnosed patients with TB in the Omsk region in the period from 2019–2022 were studied. Cultivation of M. tuberculosis, determination of drug susceptibility, and DNA isolation were carried out using standard methods. Belonging of the strains to the Beijing genotype, its sublineages and clusters was determined using PCR based on the analysis of specific markers. Non-Beijing strains are spoligotyped. Results . In the Omsk region, the dynamics of tuberculosis incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis were characterized by a pronounced downward trend, reaching 43,7 and 66,8 per 100 thousand, respectively, in 2023. The prevalence of multidrugresistant tuberculosis remains significant (22,6 cases per 100 thousand population), and the proportion of MDR tuberculosis cases among newly diagnosed patients increased from 13,1% in 2009 to 28,4% in 2023. In the sample set of strains, 40,5% had MDR, 13,2% had pre-XDR. Genotyping of MDR (including pre-XDR) M. tuberculosis strains revealed the prevalence of the Beijing genotype (86.3%), in particular the subtypes: B0/W148 (38,2%), Central-Asian/Russian (34,4%), as well as clusters 1071-32 (10,0%) and 14717-15 (2,1%) of the ancient sublineage. The most numerous among the non-Beijing was the SIT262 spoligocluster (5,0%) of the Ural genotype. Conclusion . Against the background of a significant decrease in the prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis, the proportion of newly identified MDR-TB strains has increased. At the same time, molecular genetic monitoring of M. tuberculosis has revealed the key role of B0/W148 and Central-Asian/Russian Beijing subtype strains in the spread of MDR-TB. The results obtained demonstrate the spread of multidrug-resistant strains, providing information for making clinical and management decisions in the implementation of regional tuberculosis control programs.

Показано, что элементарные операции на решеточных узлах, определенные Тьюрингом, можно выразить через простые преобразования одного типа.

The objective : to evaluate efficacy of treatment of concurrent (viral and drug-induced) liver injuries in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis using a multicomponent solution for infusions containing succinic acid. Subjects and Methods . The prospective comparative study included 122 patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and concurrent chronic hepatitis C and B, distributed in 3 groups depending on the clinical and biochemical activity of (viral and drug-induced) liver injuries and the nature of therapy. Group 1 included 48 patients with minimal activity of concurrent liver injury, Group 2 included 38 patients, and Group 3 included 36 patients with moderate clinical and biochemical activity. Patients in Groups 1 and 2 received intravenous administration of the solution of inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid (Remaxol, OOO NTFF POLYSAN) for 10 days, in Group 3, patients had detoxification therapy (glucose-saline solutions, sterofundin) and ursodeoxycholic acid. Results . Against the background of infusions of the solution of inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid in patients of Groups 1 and 2 there was a more pronounced decrease of ALT in 3.6-3.8 times vs. 1.9; AST – in 2.6-2.7 times vs. 2.4; TB – in 3.7 times vs. 1.6; DB – in 3.3 times vs. 1.8; GGT – in 5.7 times vs. 4.9 in Group 3. Conclusion . The obtained results demonstrate the efficacy of the solution of inosine + meglumine + methionine + nicotinamide + succinic acid in treatment of concurrent (viral and drug-induced) liver injuries with minimal and moderate clinical and biochemical activity in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis.

Relevance. The use of vapes and electronic cigarettes is becoming increasingly widespread among children and adolescents in Russia. In the absence of strict governmental regulation regarding their sale, many parents mistakenly view electronic cigarettes as a safer alternative to conventional smoking. However, this perception is misleading, as the adverse effects of electronic cigarettes and vaping devices are often comparable to, or even exceed, those associated with traditional tobacco use. Given the limited availability of comprehensive and reliable data, there remains a need for more thorough investigation into the impact of vaping and electronic cigarette use on the risk of developing oral diseases in adolescents. Objective. To evaluate changes in clinical and laboratory parameters related to metabolic processes in the oral cavity of adolescents who use vapes and electronic cigarettes. Materials and methods. A total of 315 seventeen-year-old school students from Omsk participated in a survey aimed at assessing the epidemiology of oral diseases. For clinical and laboratory analysis, 30 adolescents aged 17 with moderate caries activity were selected and divided into two equal groups of 15 participants. The comparison group included adolescents who did not use vapes or electronic cigarettes, while the main group consisted of users. Results. The analysis of clinical parameters in both groups suggests that vaping may act as a trigger for poor oral hygiene, inflammation of the marginal periodontium, and an increase in both the intensity and prevalence of carious lesions. Statistically significant alterations in the mineral composition of mixed saliva were observed in the vaping group, including reductions in total calcium, total phosphate levels, and the solubility product. Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, vaping—being a widespread phenomenon among adolescents—appears to exert a negative influence on the mineral composition of oral fluid. It may contribute to the development, aggravation, or unfavorable progression of oral diseases, either as a causative factor or as a condition that predisposes individuals to such outcomes.

This article examines one of the key challenges in the implementation of the unified monthly child benefit: ensuring that the assistance is granted only to families who genuinely meet the established need criteria. The basis for the benefit’s provision is a comprehensive need assessment, which is not always unambiguously perceived by society and often leads to attempts by certain individuals to circumvent eligibility requirements in order to receive the benefit. The subject of the study includes the provisions of Federal Law No. 81-FZ of May 19, 1995 “On State Benefits for Citizens with Children”, as well as the Rules approved by the Government of the Russian Federation that regulate the assignment and payment of monthly benefits for childbirth and child-rearing in the aspects not directly defined by the law. The goal of this article is to determine how effectively the current Rules ensure that the unified benefit is granted exclusively to families who actually satisfy the need criteria. By analyzing both the regulatory framework and the previous practices of providing social support based on need assessments, the article demonstrates that it is impossible to fully eliminate the risk of benefits being awarded to those who do not genuinely qualify. This issue stems not only from the high level of informal employment and the resulting underreporting of income, but also from deficiencies in how certain types of income are accounted for. The article also highlights common schemes used to bypass the so-called “zero-income rule,” such as fictitious divorces or registering as a self-employed individual subject to professional income tax in order to acquire or retain benefit eligibility. The author evaluates recent amendments made to the Rules in response to such practices. The article concludes that the most effective countermeasure is legislative reform that renders circumvention either futile or prohibitively difficult. However, this approach comes at a cost: increased regulatory complexity and the need for additional oversight mechanisms, which in turn require more administrative resources.

INTRODUCTION . In the modern conditions of the advertising industry development, one of the tools for forming a product communication strategy is the use of limited use vocabulary (dialectisms, jargonisms, neologisms, etc.), which has undoubted advantages and at the same time has a number of restrictions and conditions for use. The purpose of the study is to identify the functions implemented by the vocabulary of limited use in advertising communication. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Research material are texts of outdoor, printed, video advertising in more than 80 units. The methodological basis of the study is the following set of methods: directed sampling, descriptive-analytical, functional-stylistic, introspection, typologization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . The most common types of vocabulary used in advertising are neologisms and jargon (slang). At the same time, other vocabulary layers are characterized by frequency and high functional load. Dialectisms form the image of a natural product, give advertising a local flavor. Professional vocabulary and terms create the image of an “expert” and reliable brand. Jargon (slang) allows you to build communication with the target audience in its language and establish a trusting relationship. Neologisms attract attention and arouse interest in advertising text and product, and form the loyalty of the consumer audience. CONCLUSION . Limited use vocabulary is widely used in advertising and performs a number of functions: attracting attention and creating a unique Tone of Voice; transfer of key characteristics of a product or service; building an emotional connection with the target audience; prompting action; creating a comic effect.

INTRODUCTION . YouTube video hosting has become an effective platform for the functioning and development of sports discourse. The relevance of studying YouTube sports content is determined by the insufficient knowledge of this issue, despite the growing interest of researchers in sports discourse and in multibodal texts that provide content for blogs. The purpose of the study is to systematize sports YouTube channels, identifying their general, structural and genre-format features. MATERIALS AND METHODS . The material for the research are YouTube channels of sports topics. As a main method, the method of content analysis of sports YouTube channels collected using the continuous sampling method is used. The entire range of YouTube channels is characterized by several parameters: the economic basis of media activity, the level of technical support of media activity, thematic and genre-format specificity of the content. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . The work distinguishes between three types of channels: channels of sports media and sports leagues - media texts of the first order, original YouTube projects of professional journalists about sports and materials of non-professional bloggers - media texts of the second order, content of ordinary users - media texts of the third order. CONCLUSION . A study of existing media practices operating in the Russian-language sports segment of YouTube allows us to conclude that channels of a variety of formats are represented in the sports sector of video blogging. We can talk about the dominance of professional channels in which specialists, athletes, and journalists talk about sports.

«Sudden infant death syndrome» (SIDS) term unifies cases of non-violent, unexpectedly occurred death of a child under one year of age in the absence of objective data explaining the causes of death, history of disease and postmortem examination. Objective. To identify the diagnostic criteria allowing to determine the immediate cause of death in SIDS. Material and methods. We analyzed data on 64 cases of sudden deaths of infants under 1 year of age between 2016 and 2023. All cases of sudden death) were subjected to forensic medical examination arbitrarily for the purpose of excluding violent cause of death (trauma, poisoning). Judicial committee workers requested and preliminarily studied in detail the medical records. Standards of forensic medical examination, established by regulatory order (federal laws and orders) were applied in the corpse’s examination. Exclusion group included cases with confirmed chronic or congenital diseases, as well as cases of violent deaths. Results. The use of an established postmortem examination algorithm and an international standardized autopsy protocol significantly increases the number of identified causes of death, while reducing the frequency of SIDS diagnoses, that in turn allows to improve the quality of health care system work worldwide. Conclusion. It is necessary to develop and implement analogue of used abroad algorithm in the practice of domestic forensic medical experts and pathologists, that will allow to reveal the most frequent causes of death of children, draw attention of medical staff to them and, as a consequence, improve the quality of life-time diagnosis and contribute to the reduction of infant mortality.

Aim. To study the main causes of increased aminotransferase levels in the practice of a primary care physician. Material and methods. The scientific literature was analyzed using the PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU databases by following keywords: cytolysis syndrome, aminotransferases, hypertransferasemia, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase. Based on the literature search, data on the most common cytolysis causes in clinical practice were analyzed and systematized, and a step-by-step algorithm for diagnostic search was presented. Results. In clinical practice, cytolysis syndrome can be detected both among patients with existing complaints from the digestive system at the time of examination, and in asymptomatic patients (random diagnostic finding during a preventive medical examination). Conclusion. To determine the strategy of managing a patient with cytolysis, the etiological factor should be clearly and accurately verified, which sometimes requires a long time and routine expensive research methods.

The document represents an expert consensus on the organizational and practical aspects of managing outpatients with prediabetes. The resolution emphasized the importance of timely detection and outpatient monitoring of individuals with carbohydrate metabolism disorders. We discussed diagnostics using various methods (fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, oral glucose tolerance test), and the need to integrate the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) into the practice of preventive and outpatient monitoring examinations. The experts noted the lack of regulatory framework for prediabetes and emphasized the need to develop an interdisciplinary consensus on this condition. Proposals were made to amend statistical data forms, include prediabetes in the outpatient monitoring system, and develop a separate charge for in-depth preventive counseling. The discussion ended with the development of a set of proposals aimed at increasing the effectiveness of prevention, early diagnosis and medical monitoring of patients with prediabetes.

The reaction of 2-(chloromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and -1,3,4-oxadiazoles with thioacetic acid in the presence of DIPEA led to the formation of S-((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)- and ((1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)ethanethioates. A series of 2-thienyl-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and -1,3,4-thiadiazoles were obtained by the reaction of 3-chloroacrylaldehydes with (1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)- and (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methanethiols formed in situ from S-((1,3,4-thia(oxa)diazol-2-yl)methyl)ethanethioate in methanol in the presence of K2CO3. The photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were studied.

This study examines the methodological aspects of applying machine learning algorithms to explore new opportunities in interpreting inter-neuronal connections. The aim was to demonstrate that the combination of Ilastik and StarDist is effective for the morphometric characterization of giant synaptic terminals in the stratum lucidum of CA3 in the hippocampus of white rats under normal conditions and in the post-ischemic period. Material and methods . Cerebral ischemia in Wistar white rats was modeled by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (OCCA) for 20 minutes. Animals were studied without intervention (n=6, control) and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after OCCA (n=36). Staining with hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl staining with thionine, as well as immunohistochemical reaction for synaptophysin, were used. Numerical density (NDT), sizes, staining intensity, and area of the terminals were determined, and the Ilastik and StarDist plugins were applied on the ImageJ/Fiji platform. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric methods in Statistica 8.0. Results . The relative area of the terminals did not differ between the manual method and machine learning. Machine learning provided additional information on numerical density, sizes, and average brightness of the terminals. At 6 hours after OCCA, NDT decreased by 44.3%, but then recovered over 7 days. The average area of the terminals was 16.7% larger at 6 hours and 1 day, but smaller than the control level at 14 days. The brightness of the terminal pixels was inversely proportional to the content of chromogen: it increased at 6 hours and 1 day after OCCA, then returned to control levels. Correlations were observed between the area and brightness of the terminals (R=0.78). Conclusion . The use of the combination of Ilastik and StarDist allowed for accurate assessment of numerical density, sizes, shape, relative area, and staining intensity of synaptic terminals in the hippocampus. Compared to the manual method, the application of machine learning provided significantly more information about the terminals in color immunohistochemical images.

This article explores corporate social responsibility in the context of supporting employees who have children or plan to have them. In light of the demographic crisis in Russia, particularly in Russia, particularly in the Omsk Oblast, this study examines the initiatives of large companies that have developed social support programs for family-oriented employees. The primary focus is on analyzing successful case studies aimed at increasing birth rates by creating conditions that allow employees to balance work and family life. The study reveals that, despite the economic incentives included in state policies, the main issue of the demographic crisis remains unresolved. The demographic situation is further exacerbated by economic problems, a declining number of reproductive women, and uncertainty in the labor market. For this reason, the article suggests engaging businesses in supporting families as a sustainable solution to increase birth rates and improve employees' quality of life. Modern labor market research confirms a shortage of young professionals, presenting employers with the challenge in retaining and motivating their personnel. The labor market competition index in various Russian regions remains low. Furthermore, the high migration rate of skilled workers from these areas aggravates the staff shortage, especially in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. The article provides examples of company programs from organizations such as "Norilsk Nickel", "Transneft" and "MMK". These programs include support measures like material assistance, favorable conditions for large families, and medical and educational services for employees' children. The study demonstrates that these measures, aimed at reinforcing family values, can increase employee loyalty and productivity. Recruitment agencies report that in Omsk the cost of adapting a new employee can exceed 90,000 rubles. Programs of major companies not only serve to motivate employees but also create stable conditions for families, thereby reducing turnover and stabilizing work teams. Thus, based on modern statistical data, this article confirms that implementing social support programs for employees with family responsibilities has a significant positive impact on both the demographic situation and various business performance indicators.

We present the findings of a multidisciplinary study of burial 2 at Ust-Aleyka-5 on the Upper Ob. In 1982, an upright burial of a child with abundant funerary offerings (lithic artifacts, ornaments made of bones and teeth of mammals, shells of Unio bivalves) was unearthed. We focus on a find unique in the region—the shell of a sea snail Tritia nitida, a gastropod, which, at present, lives in the Mediterranean, Black, and Azov seas. The Raman spectroscopy analysis of a mineral pigment detected on the shell allowed us to identify it as red ocher. Similar traces were found on dropshaped pendants made of bone, antler or deer teeth, and on fossil shells of Unio aff. tumidus. On the basis of AMS analysis, burial 2 dates to the mid- or late 4th millennium BC. The T. nitida shell indicates ties (likely indirect ones) of the Barnaul stretch of the Ob to the Black Sea region.

The article focuses on studying the specifics of the influence of the age structure of the population on regional inflation in the territory of the Russian Federation. The main research issue is to identify the nature of the influence (proinflationary or disinflationary) of all population groups (younger than working age, working age, older than working age). A distinctive feature of the work is the simultaneous use of a dynamic and spatial econometric approaches to modeling inflation in the context of demographic processes. The study is conducted for 79 regions of Russia in two subsamples (2003—2014 and 2015—2021). This allows us to take into account the effect of the implementation of the inflation targeting regime, which has been implemented as part of the Bank of Russia’s monetary policy since 2015. As a result of the analysis, it has been found that the population younger than the working age has a disinflationary character, and older than the working age has an inflationary character. No statistically significant results are found for the working age group.

Introduction. Blood indicators reflect the influence of conditions in the Far North on the body of workers. Goal. The assessment of disadaptation in workers in the Far North based on deviations of laboratory blood parameters from reference limits. Materials and methods. The results of blood tests in male military personnel of three groups (nn=12, 10, 15) were analyzed. The presence and severity (in %) of deviations from the reference limits were ranked in points for the indicators of lipids, C-reactive protein, vitamins (B9, B12, D), minerals (ionized and total calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron). An individual’s maladaptation was determined by the sum of points, severity, and indicators; group 2 by average, severity in general, indicators and proportion with the severity of deviations. Results. Work experience was 2.5±0.15; 5.2±0.15 (p1–2=0.001) and 7.1±0.2 years (p1–3=0.001; p2–3=0.001). Individual in group No. 1 had deviations from the norm of 7 points, the severity of disadaptation was 29.2%. In the group 5.5±0.4 points, deviations in 100.0%, severity 22.9%. Working group No. 2 has a total score of 7, the severity of disadaptation is 29.2%. In the group, the sum was 8.9±0.7 points (p1–2=0.001), deviations in 100.0%, severity 37.1%. In group No. 3, the examined person had a total score of 11, severity of 45.8%. For the group – 11.0±0.5 (p1–3=0.001; p2–3=0.022) points; disadaptation in 100.0%, severity 45.8%. An increase in the severity of disadaptation with an increase in work experience by 7.9-16.6%. Limitations. Blood parameters in male military personnel, differing in duration of work in the Far North. Conclusion. The increase in disadaptation in an individual, by group, by indicators depending on work experience, proves the extreme influence of the North on health. The method made it possible to recommend prevention: group No. 1 – correction of dyslipidemia and hypovitaminosis; No. 2 – additionally higher doses of vitamin D, calcium, correction of inflammation; No. 3 – additionally mineral deficiency.