O.P. Jindal Global University

This review explores the existing literature on posttraumatic growth in children and adolescent survivors of trauma. The review follows 5 stages of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of a scoping review. Databases like PsychINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for the articles. Of those retrieved, 35 met the criteria. The review findings suggest that the mean prevalence of growth in children and adolescent survivors ranges from 2.10 to 81.84 in the PTGI total scores, ranging from 0 to 105. The highest level of growth was consistently experienced in relation to other domains. Posttraumatic stress, social support, religious and cultural practices, coping strategies, rumination, and social support were suggested to be associated with posttraumatic growth.

Caste, a system of social division based on inherited status, has a long history in South Asia. At present, Caste is no longer specific to any religion or region, having been exported to various countries by the South-Asian diaspora, often lacking the equality framework required to address Caste-based discrimination. Caste and race are closely interconnected as comparable systems of oppression and discrimination. However, Caste-based discrimination has been accepted as a form of racial discrimination by the UN Committee since 1996 as a sub-element of discrimination under Article 1(1) of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) and as a form of discrimination based on work and descent prohibited by international human rights law since 2000. India has consistently held that caste can neither be equated with race nor covered under descent. The conceptualization of Caste in the wide category of work and descent to cover analogous systems worldwide has proven insufficient to address rampant abuses. Caste is not acknowledged as a distinct ground of discrimination due to its complexities, which require a targeted response internationally. Hence, recognising Caste as a sui generis category of discrimination would provide adequate guidance for national approaches to prevent such discrimination and achieve the equality guaranteed in the international legal framework.

Aim This study aims to examine the association of socio-economic and demographic determinants between knowledge of health insurance and actual health insurance coverage (uptake) among the street vending community in Chandigarh, India. Subject and methods A cross-sectional survey involving 250 street vendors from North-Indian city of Chandigarh was conducted between May–June 2021. Participants were selected using simple random sampling from the list of registered street vendors under the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were employed to identify the primary determinants influencing health insurance knowledge and coverage among street vendors. Results The study reveals significant positive association between education level and health insurance knowledge. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) ranged from 2.697 for street vendors with elementary education to 9.682 for those with higher educational attainment. Moreover, street vendors with relatively higher family monthly incomes exceeding INR 12000 demonstrated significantly greater knowledge of health insurance (aOR = 1.994, CI 1.007–3.949, p = 0.048). However, out of the 157 street vendors with knowledge of health insurance, only 17.19% (27) were enrolled and covered by it. Age and family size are the significant predictors of health insurance uptake, with aOR of 2.646 (CI 0.921-7.599, p = 0.071), and 0.403 (CI 0.161–1.009, p = 0.052), respectively. Conclusion Education and monthly income were the significant factors influencing knowledge about health insurance among street vendors. At the same time, age and family size were significant predictors of the uptake of health insurance among street vendors. This study can help policymakers conduct periodical campaigns and prioritize strategies for speeding up the procedure of enrolling this vulnerable group under health insurance schemes.

Regulatory authorities are putting a lot of pressure on manufacturers to devise strategies to boost their contribution to the circular economy. The limited comprehension surrounding the complex interplay that exists between the deployment of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) strategies, the capability to acquire information, and the ability to balance exploration and exploitation activities within an organization acts as a barrier for manufacturers to attain the optimal levels of organizational performance. As a result, the purpose of the current investigation is to investigate the strategic execution of I4.0 on manufacturers' information acquisition capability in order to foster the ambidexterity required to flourish in the innovation‐driven high‐performance ecosystem for attaining circular economy performance. In this study, data from a cross‐sectional survey that included responses from a sample of 238 Indian manufacturers were assessed using structural equation modeling. According to the results, I4.0 technologies assist organizations in strengthening their exploitative and explorative capabilities, allowing them to achieve success in innovation, which is directly related to their performance in circular economy activities. Unexpectedly, the association between an organization's information acquisition capability and its innovation performance is not substantial, but it is completely mediated by both exploitative and explorative capabilities, which are characterized as organizational ambidexterity.

Mechanically alloyed materials have emerged as a transformative technology in materials science, revolutionizing the landscape of advanced materials with their unique and tailorable properties. The current chapter delves into the present applications of mechanically alloyed materials, emphasizing their widespread use in industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and energy. These materials exhibit exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics, making them invaluable for numerous high-performance applications. The present research is focused on designing the microstructure of the alloys by optimizing the mechanical alloying process parameters to achieve the desired mechanical properties, such as increased hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. The chapter also explores the exciting prospects for mechanically alloyed materials in the future. One of the primary directions of research is the development of lightweight, high-strength materials for the transportation industry. These materials have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions in various modes of transportation. Furthermore, the integration of mechanically alloyed materials in 3D printing and additive manufacturing processes is presented as a pivotal advancement, allowing for the fabrication of complex components with precisely tailored properties, thus revolutionizing the manufacturing sector. In the energy sector, the book chapter discusses the role of mechanically alloyed materials in advanced battery and supercapacitor applications. Their enhanced electrical conductivity and durability are instrumental in improving the efficiency and lifespan of energy storage systems. Additionally, the exploration of high-temperature-resistant materials for gas turbine engines and nuclear reactors demonstrates their potential to reshape the energy landscape. These materials, with their versatile properties and wide-ranging applications, are a focal point of materials science research. As technology advances, the synthesis and characterization of these materials are expected to become more efficient, enabling the creation of innovative solutions to address the evolving challenges of the twenty-first century.

The consolidation of mechanically alloyed powders is a critical process in the field of materials science and metallurgy. Mechanically alloyed powders are synthesized through high-energy ball milling, resulting in finely divided and intimately mixed powder particles. This chapter provides an overview of the consolidation techniques employed to transform these mechanically alloyed powders into functional and advanced materials. Various consolidation methods, such as hot isostatic pressing, spark plasma sintering, powder extrusion, powder forging, solid and liquid state sintering, reaction sintering, selective laser sintering, and microwave sintering are discussed. Also, the chapter explores the effects of consolidation parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and holding time, on the properties of the final product. Further, it includes various advantages, challenges and applications of several consolidation techniques.

The study investigates the link between sustainable human resource management (SUHRM) and employee work well-being (EWW). It probes the mediating role of intrinsic motivation and employee empowerment between SUHRM and EWW and the moderating impact of employee organizational identification. The survey method was employed through a self-administered questionnaire. Constructs were measured using adapted scales, with responses recorded on a 5-point Likert scale. Data were collected from a sample of 312 employees across diverse organizations in the UAE, including banking, telecommunications, and information technology sectors. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling and hierarchical regression analysis to estimate the relationships between the variables in the proposed model. The results demonstrate that SUHRM has a significant direct relationship with EWW, with intrinsic motivation and employee empowerment acting as partial mediators. Additionally, organizational identification significantly moderates the indirect association between SUHRM and EWW through intrinsic motivation and empowerment, with a more pronounced effect among employees with solid organizational identification. The findings highlight the importance of organizations promoting EWW by adopting sustainable HR practices that inspire and empower the cultivation of a skilled and capable workforce. The research explores the underlying principles for modelling SUHRM practices, and different theoretical viewpoints outside the strategic HRM tradition are evaluated for their potential contributions to a framework for SUHRM that will bridge theory and practice, thereby offering practical implications for HR professionals and organizational leaders.

We report our theoretical study on the effect of CuO as a hole transport layer in copper indium gallium selenide solar cell. This solar cell device was optimized by varying the thickness and doping density in the copper indium gallium selenide absorber, the CuO hole transport layer, and the bandgap in the absorber layer, as well as maximizing the performance of the device. The results show that the CuO hole transport layer in the optimized copper indium gallium selenide solar cell improves its power conversion efficiency from 26.29% to 30.66% at 300 K for the absorber layer thickness of 0.4 µm. The external quantum efficiency is improved from 70% to 80% because of the suppressed electron–hole recombinations due to the presence of the CuO layer. The study has the potential to fabricate highly efficient thin-film copper indium gallium selenide solar cells with a low-cost and non-toxic CuO hole transport layer.

Strategic management theorists, organizational ecologists, organizational theorists, and ecosystem theorists deploy different perspectives to theorize, model, and analyse organizational forms. Organizational constructs, independent of the unitary or aggregate level, can be seen along the duality of social determinism and free will. The four configurations of organizational forms, namely, system structure, strategic choice, natural selection, and collective action view, adapted from organizational theory literature, are modelled from the business ecosystem perspective. Disruptive forces in the environment warrant organizational forms that can withstand the disruption. Deploying business ecosystems as an integrative organizational theory construct can provide meaningful insights in the form of a novel architecture that can consolidate multi-paradigmatic perspectives appropriate for all organizational forms. This study leverages the power of analogy, transverses the conceptual underpinning of the term business ecosystem, reveals the intricacies of firm and population behaviour, and explains relationships across various organizational forms within the ecosystem construct. Towards the end, the authors propose a business ecosystem as a multi-paradigmatic, meta-theoretical construct to map and navigate diverse organizational forms, thereby guiding the thoughts and actions of thinkers and practitioners in organizational theory.

The idea and framework of transparency provide the necessary foundation for protecting the privacy of individuals. However, there is no universal standardised scale available to measure the transparency level that a data controller should follow. This chapter will discuss the meaning associated with the transparency principle. Amongst other things, the chapter will discuss the general rules of the transparency requirement (Article 12) and the requirement of information to be provided (Articles 13–14). Further, the chapter will discuss how the transparency principle is connected to other rights and principles under the GDPR. It will broadly cover the rights of the data subject under the GDPR including the right to access (Article 15), right to erasure (right to be forgotten) (Article 17), the right to data portability (Article 20) and right to object to data processing (Article 21). Various CJEU judgements will be discussed in the process.

The chapter focuses on the obligations and tasks designated to data controllers and data processors. According to the WP29, the main purpose of defining the concept of a data controller is to determine who is responsible for complying with data protection Regulations and how data subjects can exercise their rights effectively. Essentially, it is about assigning responsibility. To comprehend the expectations, we will examine rulings from the CJEU and determinations made by the data protection authorities. Additionally, guidance from the EDPB and the ICO is consulted to grasp the standard expectations. The GDPR establishes that the primary responsibility consistently lies with the data controller.

This chapter covers conceptual elements connected with the data protection framework and briefly looks at the history and avenues of such framework in the EU. To begin with, it discuss the element of trust, which is foundational to data protection and privacy. Subsequently the chapter reflects upon concepts such as: Data Controller, Personal Data, Legal basis of processing (including Legitimate Interest, Consent and Necessity for the performance of contract) and Proportionality in the data processing. In doing so, the chapter will refer to different judgements of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) or the CJEU.

Transferring of personal data beyond EU is one of the most difficult questions tackled under the GDPR. It was an issue that the Data Protection Directive tried to remedy, but the GDPR proposes a comprehensive structure for data transfer. The GDPR sets the rules under circumstances when a data controller, while fulfilling the purpose of processing, is required to transfer personal data beyond the boundaries of the Union.

In the previous chapter, we have discussed several basic concepts of data protection, which are personal data, the data controller and legal basis of processing (including consent, legitimate interests and the necessity for the performance of a contract). A data controller who processes personal data must have a legal basis for processing. This chapter delves into the requirement of consent as a legal basis for processing. It also discusses the principles of processing that a data controller must observe when processing personal data. Finally, it discusses exceptions under the data protection framework, including the personal or household exemption and the journalistic purpose exemption.

The GDPR’s enforceability procedures which encompasses remedies, obligations and penalties are crucial to its implementation. These provisions are important in protecting individual’s right and ensuring accountability in data processing. Enforceability entails an oversight by the supervisory authority with the aim of ensuring consistent compliance throughout the EU Member States. Individuals can exercise their rights in case of breach, thereby making the data controllers and processors liable under GDPR. Penalties serve as a deterrent to non-compliance, reinforcing GDPR’s commitment to robust data protection standards. Together, these elements form a complete framework ensuing data protection measures protecting informational privacy in today’s data centric world.

The Law Society of England and Wales, as well as English politicians and judges, claim that English (contract) law is admirable, settled and predictable, and non-English legal systems are “laxer systems” whose judges are not as exceptionally knowledgeable as English judges. These claims of legal superiority attract foreign litigants such as African businesspeople to use English laws and forums to resolve their contractual disputes. This article aims to disprove these claims by rigorously assessing them from an Afrocentric lens, as well as from the prediction theory of law, English case law, and rules of contractual interpretation. It finds that English contract law and dispute resolution mechanisms are far from predictable and settled. Also, there is a staggering level of disagreement among English judges regarding their interpretation of commercial contracts. The article exposes the defects of English contract laws to enable foreign businesses to make informed decisions about their choice of laws and forums to resolve their contractual disputes.

This study examines the readiness of Nigerian libraries to integrate the metaverse, given the dynamic digital landscape and technological advancements. This research uses a quantitative survey approach to evaluate meta-verse literacy among Nigerian academic library professionals. The survey covers awareness, readiness, and perspectives on integrating the metaverse into library services. Results show a significant awareness of the metaverse among participants, with a high perceived priority for metaverse literacy. Potential benefits include enhanced user engagement and accessibility, while challenges include cost implications and privacy concerns. This study contributes to understanding metaverse readiness in Nigerian libraries, offering insights into the perceptions, challenges, and opportunities associated with integrating metaverse technologies into library services. The findings can guide Nigerian libraries in strategic planning for the future and contribute to the broader discourse on libraries' role in the digital era. KEYWORDS Digital inclusion; metaverse; metaverse literacy; sustainable development goals (SDGs) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Food security is a matter of both global and national concern in India. In a country such as India, where consuming leftovers and reducing food wastage is an ingrained moral and religious belief as opposed to other cultures, especially in some highly industrialised ones, this article explores the possibility that providing citizens with solutions that are mindful of their cultural acceptability will lead to the effective implementation of policies at micro levels. One of the facets of food security, food utilization, is an aspect which can be improved at the individual and household levels. It constitutes one such opportunity in India because of the inherent belief system of the country. My investigation is based upon the theory of Johan Pottier (1999) who stated that while food security is a global issue and much policies is directed at that scale, policies are not well-grounded in a bottom-up understanding of foodscapes of those at whom it was aimed. The paper uncovers unanimity regarding the notions of consuming leftovers and curbing food waste as religious beliefs among various religions across India. It also compares the cultural acceptability of reusing leftovers and reducing wastage in India with developed nations such as the USA and the UK. This work thus emphasizes on avenues for further exploration about how anthropologists can be mobilised in situations which involve purely qualitative solutions. This research is specific in regard to the Indian population.The article attempts to provide a solution to implement policies in India with the intervention of anthropologists as a supporting machinery.