National University of Trujillo

At the Huacas de Moche (HdM), one of the most prominent archaeological sites in Trujillo, Peru, the needs of an expanding modern community are in direct conflict with the desire to preserve the wealth of archaeological information. The undetermined extent of the HdM site introduces disputes in land usage where potential archaeological features are destroyed in pursuit of cultivatable land. This work presents the results of an integrated archaeo‐geophysical and remote sensing investigation, which demonstrates the successful implementation of near‐surface geophysical instruments for the detection of archaeological features around prior HdM archaeological investigations. The goals of this study are to (1) evaluate the overall effectiveness of various geophysics and drone‐based sensing techniques at the HdM site, (2) interpret initial results at two test areas with and without active archaeological excavations, and (3) provide informed recommendations for future geophysical surveys across the broader HdM archaeological site and potentially other sites in the region. The methods deployed for this study include ground penetrating radar (GPR), frequency‐domain electromagnetics (FDEM), magnetics, and drone‐based photogrammetry. The resulting integrated geophysical analysis successfully reveals a broad collection of subsurface structures including features corresponding to walls, floors, and burials throughout these feature‐rich survey areas. Follow‐up excavations in a portion of the test bed, referred to as “Platform Uhle,” provide ground‐truth confirmation of the presence of many features interpreted from GPR data. The orthomosaic maps and digital elevation models from drone‐based photogrammetry surveys enable the delineation of subtle near‐surface features, including shallow depressions within the ancient urban centre, in areas that are difficult to identify through ground‐based observation alone. Lastly, the investigation results reveal that each deployed geophysical and remote sensing technique performed well given site conditions, which informs future acquisition for other geographically related archaeological sites.

Objective : To evaluate the effect of parenteral β-lactam antibiotics on outcomes related to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in adult patients in coma due to acute brain injury (ABI). Design : Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting : Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up toSeptember 30, 2024. Patients or participants : Adult patients in coma due to ABI. Interventions : Parenteral β-lactam antibiotics. Main variables of interest : Incidence and outcomes related to VAP. Results : Three RCTs involving 483 patients met inclusion criteria; 231 patients received β-lactam prophylaxis. Among these, there were 115 cases of early-onset VAP (EO-VAP), 49 of late-onset VAP (LO-VAP), and 102 deaths. All studies were conducted in Europe. Causes of coma included trauma, stroke, and CO poisoning. Intravenous β-lactams (ampicillin/sulbactam, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone) reduced EO-VAP risk by 57% (RR 0.43; 95% CI 0.30-0.61), and all-VAP by 35% (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53-0.80).No impact was observed on LO-VAP (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.54-1.67), 28-day mortality (RR 0.76; 95% CI 0.53-1.09), intubation duration (SMD-0.13; 95% CI-−0.46-0.21), or ICU length of stay (SMD-0.22; 95% CI-−0.22; 95% CI − 0.55-0.12). Heterogeneity and the risk of bias were low, with high overall evidence certainty. Conclusions : In adult patients in coma due to ABI, intravenous β-lactam antibiotics reduce EO-VAP and all-VAP risk.

This study aims to determine the phytochemical profile of Jatropha humboldtiana ethyl acetate fraction (EAFHJ) using UPLC-MS/MS and evaluate its neuroprotective potential via in vivo model. In vivo behavioral assays including elevated plus maze (EPM), forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test, and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) assay were conducted in mice to evaluate the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured, and acute toxicity studies were performed to determine LD50. Thirty-three compounds were identified in EAFHJ, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins. In the FST, EAFHJ reduced the immobility time to 131.50 ± 3.46 s at 100 mg/kg compared to 139.88 ± 4.58 s in the control group (p < 0.01). In the EPM, the group treated with 200 mg/kg of EAFJH spent 48.14% of the time in the open arms, compared to 31.30% of the control group (p < 0.05). In the PTZ trial, the latency to myoclonic seizures was 3.0 ± 0.5 min at 200 mg/kg of EAFHJ compared with 1.01 ± 0.5 min in the control group (p < 0.05). The LD50 of the EAFJH was greater than 5000 mg/kg, indicating low toxicity. Furthermore, a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4) were observed. Thus, it was concluded that Jatropha humboldtiana exhibits a diverse phytochemical profile and promising anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects, likely mediated by a combination of neurotransmitter modulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the precise molecular pathways involved and explore its clinical potential.

This study examines the determinants of the sustainable use of artificial intelligence (AI) among university professors in Peru. This research adopted a quantitative approach through a cross-sectional empirical–explanatory study, employing a structural equation model. Data were collected from 368 professors from eight Peruvian universities using a structured questionnaire that assessed six main constructs: attitude toward AI, prejudice against AI, facilitating conditions, use of AI, teaching concerns, and ethical perception. While the results reveal significant correlational relationships—with attitude toward AI, facilitating conditions, and prejudice against AI showing a significant association with its sustainable use, and the use of AI showing a significant relationship with professors’ ethical perceptions—the cross-sectional nature of this study precludes causal inferences. No significant relationship was found between the use of AI and teaching concerns. Additionally, demographic variables such as gender and age did not exhibit significant moderating effects. These findings contribute to understanding the factors related to the sustainable adoption of AI in higher education and provide valuable insights for the development of effective institutional strategies in the Latin American context.

The present study was designed to translate the Francis Burnout Inventory Revised into Portuguese and to test this translation among a snowball sample of 266 Catholic priests serving in Portugal (91% diocesan). The data demonstrated: good internal consistency reliability for the two scales proposed by this instrument (negative affect, α = .89 and positive affect, α = .89); support for the association with a measure of self-compassion; and support for the theory of balanced affect against a measure of thoughts of leaving ministry. The priests were found to display a high level of positive affect that masked a degree of negative affect, with a third of them reporting that fatigue and irritation were part of their daily experience.

Mn3O4 nanoparticles have been synthesized using alcoholic extracts, at pH = 7 and low temperature (60 °C), from different masses (1.00, 3.00, 5.00, and 7.00 g) of fresh leaves from Nerium oleander and Bixa orellana, without additional heat treatment. Appropriate techniques were used to identify the secondary metabolites of the extracts and evaluate the structural, optical, and chemical properties of the nanoparticles. The XRD results confirmed the formation of Mn3O4 nanoparticles with crystallite size in the 5−8 nm range, with more notable effects on the crystallinity of the nanoparticles obtained with B. orellana extracts. The greatest effect on the bandgap was observed in nanoparticles synthesized with N. oleander extracts. Raman spectra confirmed phonon confinement, and in the PL spectra, emission bands associated with structural defects, such as oxygen vacancies, were observed. In FTIR spectra, the main bands of Mn3O4 were identified, whose intensity decreased as the concentration of extract and other bands associated with functional groups of the extract increased. TEM images showed nanoparticles were spherical with 7.81 nm (N1) and 7.94 nm (B1) average diameters. The extract from N. oleander leaves was more appropriate than that from B. orellana for the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles under the conditions used.

This paper investigates the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions to the following semilinear problem: where $f\in C([0,\infty ),{\mathbb {R}})$ represents an oscillating nonlinearity that satisfies a type of area condition. Our main analytical tools include variational methods and the sub-supersolution method.

A new species of Nasa ser. Alatae (Urban & Gilg) Weigend from Northern Peru is described and illustrated. Nasa katjaesp. nov. was at first encountered by an observation on iNaturalist and subsequently collected in the humid Andean forests near Colasay in the province of Jaén (Cajamarca, Peru). Whilst comparing the new species with closely related Nasa loxensis (Kunth) Weigend, a taxon widespread in Southern Ecuador (and tentatively adjacent Peru), a reevaluation of the status of earlier synonymized Loasa calycina Benth. became necessary. Consequently, Nasa calycinacomb. nov. is rehabilitated at species level and Nasa loxensis is redefined.

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main staples in the Peruvian Andes. Phenotypic diversity is extremely high in terms of plant morphology, grain colour, grain size and uses. However, little is known about the genetic component of the Peruvian maize. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used, for the first time, to infer the genetic diversity and population structure of 25 accessions of maize collected from two ecoregions of the departments of the Peruvian highlands, Cajamarca and Huancavelica, to provide a basis for the conservation and breeding of this crop genetic resource. A total of 29,332 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified along all 10 chromosomes of maize. STRUCTURE analysis revealed two clusters (open-pollinated cultivars and landraces). Principal coordinate analysis and our dendrogram showed that these accessions of Peruvian maize do not group based on their geographic origin but on their improvement status, however, this is weakly supported. Average genetic diversity was very high (0.35). Analysis of molecular variance showed a reduced variation between populations (2.85%) and indicated that variability within populations is 97.15%. The lowest population divergence was zero for populations of Colcabamba versus Pichos and Daniel Hernandez versus Colcabamba and the highest population divergence (0.041) was observed for population Cajamarca versus Santiago de Tucuma. As expected, FIS values were positive. Additional samples from other Andean and west coast Peruvian localities are needed to provide a better understanding of the genetic components of this important crop aiming to develop a modern breeding programme of maize in Peru.

Introduction The university experience often brings various personal and academic challenges that can negatively impact students’ mental health. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of a mindfulness program on stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, social support, and life satisfaction among university students. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 128 participants, divided into experimental and waiting list control groups. The experimental group participated in a mindfulness meditation program consisting of 12 weekly sessions. Pre-test and post-test measurements were performed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess the variables. Results The experimental group showed statistically significant differences between the study phases and the groups after the intervention for all the variables examined (p < 0.05). The effect sizes calculated using the HC3 model were stress (η² = 0.376), anxiety (η² = 0.538), depression (η² = 0.091), sleep quality (η² = 0.306), social support (η² = 0.704), and life satisfaction (η² = 0.510). The mindfulness program was shown to be effective in reducing levels of stress, anxiety, and depression while also improving sleep quality, social support, and life satisfaction in college students. Conclusion These findings indicate that mindfulness meditation may be valuable for enhancing psychological well-being in educational settings.

Background and aims Childhood and adolescent obesity is a global public health concern. Obesity induces several metabolic disturbances. Several studies have explored the association of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine (Hcy) with obesity. This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence regarding the differences in serum levels of vitamin B12, Hcy, and folate among children or adolescents with and without obesity. Methods A random-effects meta-analysis using the Sidik-Jonkman method and corrected 95% confidence interval (CI) using the truncated Knapp-Hartung standard errors was used for all meta-analyses. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with the corresponding 95% CI was used as the only effect size. The Cochran’s Q test and the I² statistic were used to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and the Egger test. Results Twenty studies were included with a combined study population of 7,791 patients. There were no significant differences between children/adolescents with and without obesity with respect to serum vitamin B12 levels (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.53 to 0.06; p > 0.05, I² = 74.93%) and folate levels (SMD: −0.12; 95% CI: −0.29 to 0.06; p > 0.05, I² = 19.6%). However, children/adolescents with obesity had significantly higher Hcy levels compared to counterparts without obesity (SMD: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.14; p < 0.001, I² = 86.4%). Conclusion Children and adolescents with obesity had higher Hcy levels than those without obesity. However, no significant differences were found for vitamin B12 and folate levels. Hcy may play a role in the development of obesity in this population.

This paper is devoted to the following boundary value problem with tempered fractional derivatives where $\alpha \in (0,\frac{1}{2})$, $\sigma >0$, ${\mathbb {D}}_{b^-}^{\alpha , \sigma }u, {^{C}}{\mathbb {D}}_{a^+}^{\alpha , \sigma }u$ are the right Riemann-Liouville and left Caputo tempered fractional derivative respectively and $f: [a,b] \times {\mathbb {R}} \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$ is a suitable Carathéodory function. In order to obtain at least one weak solution, we use minimal principle and Morse theory. To assure the (PS) conditions, a new compact embedding is presented. This work complements the previous works (Cuti Gutierrez et al. in J Appl Anal Comput 14:3496-3519, 2024; Torres Ledesma in Progr Fract Differ Appl 10:677-694, 2024, J Pseudo-Differ Oper Appl 14:62, 2023) considering the case $\alpha \in (0, \frac{1}{2})$.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an action plan proposed by the United Nations to improve the quality of life of all people in the world by 2030. This paper explores the levels of accomplishments proposed by the UN in terms of the resulting scientific production. Measuring the scientific production linked to each of the objectives in each period allows estimating the scholarly efforts made to respond to the challenges proposed by each objective in the short term. The SciVal platform was used to consult and analyze the scientific production for each goal published in Scopus (2013–2022). The indicators generated by the platform were used to characterize the scientific production, its impact, collaboration percentages and the prominent themes in each field. Scientific production related to SDGs accounted for 28% of global production. Those with greater scientific production have been health (ODS3) and energy (ODS7). The COVID-19 pandemic may have had an impact on the overall scientific production. The main themes within each goal show high impact indicators, but with moderate indicators of international collaboration, suggesting that international efforts aimed at SDGs may only be from a few countries. Among the most important cross-cut concepts of the main themes to all objectives are climate change, air quality, domestic violence, ecosystem, gestation, and democracy. The results of this study highlight the thematic impact of each concept on sustainable development in general beyond a single objective. The United States and China are the countries with the highest scientific production for sustainable development.

Monitoring pesticide use in food is essential for the health safety of consumers so that concentrations above the allowed limits can cause side effects in humans. Hence, the objective of this work was to validate a spectroscopic method for qualitative/quantitative pesticide residues in vegetables through UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, presenting a case study for samples of Trujillo-Peru popular markets. Seven varieties of vegetables were submitted to QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction and evaluated by the validated method. Dimethoate, dissulfoton, methomyl, methylparathion and phorate were above the FAO limits, which highlight the need for suitable measures for pesticide control in foods available to the local population.

Introduction Sepsis is a systemic process that refers to a deregulated immune response of the host against an infectious agent, involving multiple organ dysfunction. It is rapidly progressive and has a dismal prognosis, with high mortality rates. For this reason, it is necessary to have a tool for early recognition of these patients, with the aim of treating them appropriately in a timely manner. Methods This research is a systematic review based on bibliography indexed in four online scientific databases for studies published since inception to February 2024, which was obtained through the use of a search strategy. Eight studies were identified for quantitative analysis and included in our meta-analysis. Results The meta-analysis revealed that among 23,551 patients diagnosed with sepsis, 5,825 had a positive LqSOFA, and 3,086 experienced the primary outcome (mortality). For LqSOFA, a sensitivity of 0.61 (95% CI 0.60–0.63), specificity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.80–0.81), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 3.46 (95% CI 2.86–4.18), negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.38–0.59), and odds ratio (OR) of 7.43 (95% CI 6.01–9.20) were determined. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.807. Conclusions The LqSOFA score demonstrates a good predictive capacity for in-hospital mortality in septic patients, showing clinically significant levels of sensitivity (69%) and specificity (79%).

This article aimed to comprehensively map research on the metallurgical recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) in the mining industry from 2010 to 2024, identifying key themes, trends, and future directions. Using a mixed-methods approach that included bibliometric analysis, text mining, and content analysis, the study pursued the following objectives: (i) to capture the scientific background of research on the metallurgical recovery of REEs, identifying key themes and trends over the past 14 years, (ii) to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on the topic, and (iii) to propose future directions in this field. A total of 132 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed, sourced from the Scopus, JSTOR, and Taylor & Francis databases, and selected using the PRISMA method and ad hoc sampling. The analysis identified three primary research areas: (1) innovation in rare earth recovery, (2) environmentally friendly metallurgical methods contributing to sustainability, and (3) challenges and perspectives on recycling and reusing rare earth elements. Based on these findings, three future research lines were proposed: Optimization and Integration of Hybrid Processes for Sustainable REE Recovery, Technological Advancements in Selective Recovery and REE Processing y Closed-Loop Systems and Biotechnological Solutions for REE Recycling. These efforts aim to enhance sustainability and optimize resource utilization in the mining industry, promoting practices that contribute to a more responsible, efficient, and sustainable development model for REE recovery.