National Aviation University

The widespread implementation of neural network tools for biometric authentication based on facial and iris images at critical infrastructure facilities has significantly increased the level of security. However, modern requirements dictate the need to modernize these tools to increase resistance to spoofing attacks, as well as to provide a base for assessing the compliance of the psycho-emotional state of personnel with job responsibilities, which is difficult to ensure using traditional monolithic neural network models. Therefore, this article is devoted to the development of a modular neural network model that provides effective biometric authentication for critical infrastructure personnel based on facial images, taking into account the listed requirements. When developing the model, an approach was used in which the functionality of each module was defined in such a way as to correspond to a task traditionally solved by a separate neural network model. This made it possible to use in each individual module a tested and accessible toolkit that has proven its effectiveness in solving the corresponding problem, which, in turn, compared to traditional approaches, allows for a 30–40% increase in the efficiency of the development and adaptation of authentication tools for the conditions of their application. Innovative features of the developed modular model include the ability to recognize spoofing attacks based on environmental artifacts and the naturalness of emotions, as well as an increase in the accuracy of person recognition due to the use of a U-Net neural network to highlight natural facial contours in occlusions. The experimental results show that the proposed model allows for a 5–10% decrease in person recognition error, recognition of spoofing attacks based on the naturalness of emotions and images of background objects, and recognition of the emotional state of personnel, which increases the efficiency of biometric authentication tools.

The article presents the result of analytical studies of engineering and security management of Smart technologies of agrotronics of plant growing. Smart agriculture, according to the world rating of the potential positive effect of global technologies, ranks first in the world. The authors proposed a methodology according to which data analysis takes place on the data platform of engineering and security management of Smart technology of agrotronics of crop production¸ which is developed under the condition of aggregation and monitoring. The data platform includes innovative mechanisms and approaches for analyzing monitoring data, including artificial intelligence and advanced analytical algorithms. All indicators and characteristics from the data platform are subject to synthesis and provide optimal output data from decision-making scenarios.

The experience of developed countries of the world and developing countries in carrying out digital transformation of social and economic processes that can be carried out on the basis of digital platforms, which allows to increase their efficiency and form information systems for the provision of high-quality digital services, is studied. The necessity of transformation of digital processes at the level of the state, regions, business, and family is substantiated. The importance of innovative mechanisms for the integration of new institutions or new categories is highlighted business entities in the IT sector, whose role as service integrators is growing significantly, as it allows for the effective interaction of network services with any business entities, government agencies and households. It is determined that in order to ensure a high level of digitalization using digital platforms, it is advisable to develop a set of measures to ensure the reliability of information data (Big Data) and close interaction between all participants in the IT services market; high level of cybersecurity; standardization and unification of such processes. We propose to consider platformization as a process of dynamic changes in the organization of activities of all market participants based on the use of modular digital platforms, service (cloud) technologies, as well as the related transformation of the concept of business models in the direction of their maintenance. We believe that the educational sector should offer a methodical approach to the implementation of innovative systems for improving the competencies of specialists in the field of digitalization of the economy, social sphere, and interpersonal relations based on the all-consuming use of IT technologies. The existence of digital gaps in the coverage of online education in developed and developing countries has been proven. The concept of digital transformation of socio-economic systems in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been developed.

A discourse on the current state and possible scenarios of the development of artificial intelligent systems toward the level and abilities of general intelligence has been ongoing actively. One of the areas that has drawn attention from researchers is the possibility and challenges in the alignment of artificial intelligent systems including those advancing beyond the current state-of-the-art toward human-like cognitive abilities with human norms and values. While practical activities, policies and projects aimed at ensuring alignment with the current generation of intelligent systems have been well underway, in this study we focus on a more general question: what are the prospects, chances and/or the possibilities of ensuring robust alignment of secondary intelligent systems, in the sense defined in the study, in the further horizon and to the level of general intelligence. To advance in answering this question we attempted to determine and describe the minimal necessary characteristics that intelligent systems progressing toward that level must possess with the conclusion that under some reasonable assumptions, developing secondary intelligence capable of achieving the level of general intelligence will be able, at some stage of their cognitive progress, to form their own views, intents and objectives. The conclusion of our analysis is that the scenarios of “runaway” general intelligence that has advanced beyond the possibility of reliable control and perhaps, even comprehension, cannot be excluded for intelligent sys-tems advancing toward the level of general intelligence and has to be exam-ined closely and rigorously by the research community, policymakers and general society

COVID-19 pandemic distinguished the problem of sensitivities lack of X-ray radiography and overexposure of the patients in computed tomography. The war in Ukraine induced the huge amount of shrapnel wounds. These types of injury have non-standard position in the body and lead to low efficiency of even digital radiography. In addition, there is a necessity of mobile devices, because they are used in Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals. To solve this problem the preliminary design and parameters of planned devices for digital X-ray tomosynthesis for diagnosis of chest organs as well as shrapnel wounds are substantiated.

This article focuses on the analysis of problematic aspects of the system of internal control and judicial review over the protection of human rights and freedoms in the context of covert obtaining of information for the needs of criminal justice. Focusing on control measures and striking a balance between justice and human rights, the article dwells upon the effectiveness of supervision mechanisms and the factors affecting their efficiency. Analysis of legislation and case law of various European countries is therefore carried out to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Various factors that determine the effectiveness of control measures are examined. In addition, ways of solving these issues in the legislation of European countries and other jurisdictions are considered. As a result, the main problems and obstacles in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens while secretly obtaining information for criminal justice are identified. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mechanisms of internal control and judicial review in criminal proceedings is evaluated. Finally, a course of actions is suggested to maintain the balance of interests between criminal justice and human rights and freedoms.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the primary greenhouse gases contributing to the enhancement of the greenhouse gas effect and global warming. Major sources of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions that significantly contribute to CO2 release into the atmosphere include: the use of energy from coal, oil, and natural gas, which generates large amounts of CO2 through the combustion of hydrocarbons for energy production; the use of vehicles, airplanes, ships, and other forms of transportation running on fuel; industrial processes such as cement and iron production; deforestation, which serves as crucial CO2 absorbers, and more. To reduce CO2 emissions and limit global warming, society is exploring avenues such as the use of cleaner energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, and the development of green technologies and sustainable production methods. As a result, greenhouse gas emissions lead to global warming and other climate changes. Decarbonization has become a crucial task for modern society in the context of climate change and sustainable development, aiming to reduce these emissions to mitigate negative consequences. The authors of this section explore decarbonization strategies and innovative approaches in various sectors of the economy and industry, investigating ways to reduce carbon emissions in the energy sector, transportation, agriculture, and other areas. The chapter explores key aspects of decarbonization, such as the use of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, green mobility technologies, and other initiatives. In particular, attention is focused on the need for international cooperation and technology development to effectively implement decarbonization strategies. The authors also highlight the importance of implementing political and economic instruments to incentivize the transition to low-carbon technologies and practices. The overall goal of the research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the opportunities and challenges associated with decarbonization, emphasizing the role of collaborative efforts across various sectors in achieving a sustainable future.

The research analyzes the interaction between the integration of business and economic security of the modern market and state-of-the-art outsourcing technologies in the IT industry, as well as reveals potential advantages and disadvantages that can arise in the process of integrating business and economic security. It defines general indicators of the perception of the outsourcing model by the IT staff and draws conclusions on whether this model is supported by employees. The article examines operational and economic security as two key aspects ensuring sustainability and successful activities of any companies and organizations. It is proved that ensuring operational and economic security requires an integrated approach that includes the development of strategies, implementation of security measures, and constant updating of policies and procedures to minimize risks and ensure the success of the company’s activities. 50 threats are analyzed and assessed. The results reveal the nature of the war’s impact on economic security, with social and food security components accounting for 22 and 14%, financial security at 16%, macroeconomic security at 14%, etc. The article proves the interrelation between IT outsourcing and operational and economic security, which is particularly important due to the high sensitivity of information. Thus, operational security in the context of IT outsourcing is reflected as control over access to data, and economic security covers cost transparency, financial management, and contractual terms. The article analyzes the IT services/outsourcing market, which has reached the level of 85.6 billion USD, and the forecasted market growth rate is 3.88%, according to Technavio research. EMEA (Europe, the Middle East, and Africa) is the region with the highest projected growth rate of 60%.

The object of the research is technologies and technical means for selective destruction of mineral matrices of complex multicomponent titanium ores of primary deposits and beneficiation of minerals with altered magnetic properties. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency of enrichment of titanium-iron ores by preliminary high-temperature treatment using new-type separators. This is achieved by substantiating the targeted selective destruction of mineral complexes and changing the magnetic properties of ore minerals as a result of temperature-controlled oxidation reactions. Methods of complex generalization, analysis and evaluation of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of creation and introduction of new technologies and technical means for increase of efficiency of enrichment of titanium ores on the basis of separators of new type by substantiation of the directed selective destruction of mineral complexes and change of magnetic properties of ore minerals are described. It was found that for ilmenite, the main titanium component of raw materials, a low mass fraction of titanium is typical - no more than 30.0%, and ilmenite has lamellar-thin nano inclusions of hematite - 31.53 vol. %, which are difficult to remove from the ilmenite matrix. It is proved that in titanium-containing ores selective opening of splices occurs due to recrystallization of grains due to previous reduction, strengthening of bonds in hematiteilmenite contact zones and non-ore inclusions and creation of a network of germinal cracks inside nano splices due to exposure to mineral matrix. C. It is shown that the use of magnetic separation of raw materials after high-temperature treatment reduces the mass fraction of harmful elements such as silicon, aluminum and calcium oxides from 11.89 to 1.2% in the concentrate product and allows to increase the mass fraction of titanium oxide from 32.3 up to 37.6%, and total iron from 33.86 to 42.29%; The technology of complex ore beneficiation has been developed to provide concentrates used for the extraction of titanium slag (mass fraction of titanium oxide - 80-81.84%) and high-purity metallic iron Fe with an average chemical composition of Fe 0.993 Ti 0.006. The results of development and implementation of new generation technologies and separators in the enrichment and processing of titanium ore were obtained in the laboratories of the State Higher Educational Institution (KVUZ) "Kryvyi Rih National University" (Krivoy Rog, Ukraine) and implemented at the Public Joint Stock Company (PJSC) » (Zaporozhye, Ukraine) and the State Institute for the Design of Mining Enterprises SE" Krivbasproekt "(Krivoy Rog, Ukraine). The developed technologies are also the basis for the feasibility study of ore processing technology of the Abu Galaga field (Egypt), in the design of the industrial complex and can be useful for other enterprises in developed mining countries. Research and implementation of new technologies and technical means using dry magnetic separation will allow for the stable production of high-quality concentrates, as well as the reduction of the grinding and enrichment front by at least 15–20% of the original, which will reduce operating and capital costs by more than 30% and will become a powerful technological reserve for the development of mining production.

Relevance The problem of expanding the raw material base of the gold mining industry is becoming more pressing due to the depletion of explored reserves, rising production costs and the costs of minimizing the man-made impact on the environment. With the depletion of oxidized gold-bearing ores, finely disseminated ores are increasingly being involved in processing. An increase in gold production volumes can be achieved by improving the beneficiation process. An alternative to traditional beneficiation technologies is electrotechnologies that use the phenomenon of energy impact on mineral raw materials. Among them, the range of application of the resin-in-pulp electrosorption leaching technology is expanding. Objective Justification of technologies and technical means for electrosorption leaching of gold from flotation tailings of refractory sulfide raw materials. This will increase metal production and strengthen the mineral resource base of gold mining enterprises and reduce damage to the environment. Methodology A comprehensive method was applied, including analytical studies using the fundamentals of system analysis and mathematical statistics, technological experimentation using mathematical planning of experiments, economic and mathematical modeling, technical and economic calculations and pilot industrial implementation. Laboratory studies were modeled on the tailings of flotation enrichment of gold from the flotation tailings of refractory sulfide raw materials. The application of electric fields was provided by two parallel electrodes. Scientific novelty Theoretical and technological experimentation, substantiation of fundamentally new technologies and technical means of electrosorption leaching of gold from flotation tailings of refractory sulfide raw materials. Results The efficiency of using technogenic resources is achieved by combining traditional enrichment technologies with the capabilities of hydrometallurgy and electrochemistry. Flotation tailings of ores with gold content from 1.0-1.5 g/t are leached according to the scheme: granulation to a size of 15-30 mm with the addition of 1 g/l of cyanide, sulfuric acid removal of metals, alkaline treatment to pH 10-11, cyanidation with an irrigation density of 20 l/m ² per hour, gold sorption on anion exchanger, anion exchanger regeneration and regenerate electrolysis. Gold leaching from refractory sulfide raw materials is possible after the destruction of sulfides upon reaching an oxidation potential of 1000 mV, it effectively proceeds in a solution of 20-30% sodium chloride upon application of direct electric current with a density of 800-1200 A/m ² , pH of the medium 2.0-4.0 and a temperature of 60-800 C with the extraction of up to 70-80% of gold into the solution with an electric power consumption of 120-220 kW/t. The results of the experiment confirm the efficiency of the technology of electrosorption leaching of gold from gold-bearing pulps. The leaching rate increases by 25-30%, the sorption capacity of the anionite AM-2B increases by 2.5-3 times. An increase in the capacity of the sorbent and a decrease in the amount of gold in the liquid phase shifts the equilibrium of the system towards gold dissolution and intensifies the volume and completeness of its extraction. Implementation The technologies of electrosorption and electrochemical leaching of gold from ore flotation tailings have been tested and recommended for industrial development at the Aksu, Bestobe, Zholymbet deposits and implemented in the practice of ABS-Balkhash, Kazakhaltyn JSC (Republic of Kazakhstan) and can be recommended for other developed mining and gold mining countries of the world.

The characteristics of sea water level (SWL) in the northwestern part of the Black Sea and the main influencing factors were studied. Based on observation data, it was found that the mean SWL at hydrological stations along the coast is similar. Over the past four decades, an increase in SWL has been observed, with an average rate of about 3.3 mm per year. This rise is comparable to the average increase observed in the World Ocean. Since about 2000, the increase in level has practically disappeared. It was shown that this feature is caused by the changes of the Black Sea water balance. The increase of air temperature in the studied region is greater than worldwide. This increase is observed alongside with the increase in water temperature and a significant increase in evaporation from the sea surface. The inflowing river runoff, which has been less than usualin recent years, also has an effect on SWL. In addition to long-term changes, seasonal fluctuations also occur. During a year, the smallest increase is observed in May and June, the largest – in November and February. The intra-annual distribution of water runoff from the Danube and Dnipro rivers is the primary factor that influences the seasonal changes of SWL.

Проблема безпеки інформації, яка циркулює в каналах зв’язку, постійно актуалізується. Особливо гостро вона стоїть для VoIP-телефонії військового призначення або подвійного використання. Це пов’язано й зі зростанням цінності конфіденційної інформації, яка становить інтерес для кіберзлочинців, і з нарощенням технологічної складності кібератак за одночасного збільшення продуктивності технічних засобів несанкціонованого отримання інформації. Серед відомих механізмів забезпечення кібербезпеки мовної інформації, яка циркулює в каналах зв’язку, одне з ключових місць займають криптографічні методи її захисту. Найчастіше для організації безпечного VoIP-трафіку використовують протоколи безпеки SRTP, які реалізують симетричний криптографічний алгоритм шифрування AES. Водночас потенційна компрометація найкращого симетричного криптографічного алгоритму AES-256 потребує пошуку нових нетривіальних підходів до удосконалення механізмів забезпечення кібербезпеки. Одним із них є підхід, який ґрунтується на використанні моделі криптосистеми Фредгольма. Згадана криптографічна система належить до класу симетричних криптографічних систем, але до сьогодні, через відсутність науково обґрунтованих криптографічних алгоритмів, вона ще й досі не набула практичного впровадження. Для вирішення цієї суперечності в дослідженні з урахуванням принципу О. Керкгоффса розроблено метод криптографічного захисту мовної інформації на основі диференціальних перетворень академіка НАН України Г. Пухова. Запропонований метод дозволяє отримати шифр у вигляді диференціального спектра, який стійкий до відомих методів криптоаналізу. У статті розроблено алгоритм реалізації цього методу. Наведено результати шифрування та розшифрування мовної інформації. Збіжність результатів моделювання з іншими відомими методами підтверджує роботоздатність розробленого методу.

The article examines modern approaches to waste management within the framework of green economy development in Ukraine. The focus is on the importance of transitioning to sustainable waste management practices, considering the need for environmental protection and sustainable development. Key strategies such as waste reduction, recycling and reusing materials, as well as safe disposal, are considered. Particular attention is given to the legislative and institutional measures necessary to support these strategies. The authors emphasize the importance of integrating the principles of circular economy and ecodesign into waste management policy. They also discuss the role of investments and innovations in developing modern waste processing technologies in the green economy sector. The article provides examples of successful strategies and initiatives implemented in Ukraine, as well as analyzes existing barriers and possible ways to overcome them, forming directions for waste management as a component of green economy development strategy. Among the main ones are: increasing the level of waste processing and reuse, promoting circular economy, creating ecological infrastructure, implementing innovative technologies, and providing incentives for enterprises. It is separately noted that the financial provision of waste management differs by a complex set of characteristics, as waste is generated in various sectors of public, municipal, and private economies. The authors point out that each of these sectors has its own specifics in waste generation and disposal, as well as differing conditions for attracting financial resources for the development of waste management.

The article examines the process of decentralization that began in Ukraine in 2014 and encompasses the reform of local self-government, administrative-territorial structure, and state governance. Special attention is paid to the formation of communal land ownership, land management in amalgamated territorial communities, and consolidation of land plots within agricultural land areas. The article analyzes the current state of the reform, its impact on the development of agriculture, and regional policy. It explores the problems and prospects of further implementation of decentralization in Ukraine. The authors of the article discuss the possibilities of expanding the development of territorial communities by transforming state-owned agricultural lands located outside of settlements into communal property. According to their opinion, this would enable the creation of communal enterprises specialized in the production of biofuel and implementation of environmental and conservation projects. They note that implementing a balanced management system requires the development of a comprehensive criterion for sustainable development of administrative-territorial units and entails creating a mathematical model to find optimal solutions. Such a model should take into account the territorial structure at various levels and the interrelation of factors affecting the functioning of territorial units. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of expenditures on environmental conservation measures, including an analysis of key aspects to optimize the planning of such expenditures. The research methodology is based on processing primary data and utilizing correlation-regression analysis. The assumption of the existence of a linear regression relationship between expenditures and their impact on the natural environment is posited. The research results aim to provide recommendations to the government and stakeholders regarding the optimization of expenditures and the enhancement of the effectiveness of environmental protection measures in Ukraine.

The article focuses on the structural analysis of a steel cylindrical silo with a corrugated wall, following the guidelines of EN 1993-4-1 standard. The resistance and stability of silo vertical stiffeners under axisymmetric loads during grain storage are being studied. The design model of the ribs is based on a centrally compressed column. In the plane of minimal rigidity, it is further elastically supported by corrugated sheets of a cylindrical shell. The resistance and stability of ribs are analysed using design models of various levels of detail, ranging from simple analytical to complex finite element models. The analysis compares different design models, highlights their pros and cons, and provides recommendations for their practical use.

Introduction. The choice of an innovative development model depends on many factors, including the specifics of the enterprise, its resource potential, market conditions and development strategy. Large enterprises with significant resources can combine open and closed innovation models, which allows them to effectively integrate external knowledge while maintaining control over key assets. Smaller companies can use open innovation to reduce costs and get to market quickly with new products, especially when they cannot afford large investments in R&D. Contemporary Ukrainian scholars support the idea that innovation models, in particular open innovation and the triple helix model, contribute to improving the competitiveness of enterprises and provide them with the ability to quickly adapt to changes in the global economy. The purpose of the article is to improve the theoretical foundations of development and strategic decision-making through the choice of an innovative development model according to the specifics of an enterprise as a component of ensuring economic security. Research methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the works of leading domestic and foreign scientists, methodology and systemic principles of conducting comprehensive scientific research. Among the special research methods used in the work are: abstract and logical - to study the development of the problem and summarise the findings; theoretical generalisation - in the process of disclosing the definition of ‘innovative development of enterprise’; observation, comparative advantages, economic analysis, clustering and comparison - to study the theoretical basis for the development and adoption of strategic decisions, improve the structuring of models of innovative development, and ensure the economic security of enterprise. Results. It is proved that enterprises that actively cooperate with external partners using the open innovation model face the risk of losing control over critical technologies and data. It is proved that in this context, the triple helix model, which combines the resources of government, science and business, becomes attractive, as it balances the interests of various participants in the innovation process. Cooperation of scientific institutions with business facilitates the faster introduction of new technologies into the real sector of the economy, which increases the overall competitiveness of the country in the global market.

Introduction. This article substantiates the use of a KPI system as a tool for post-marketing analysis in public procurement. Post-marketing of public procurement is understood as an assessment of whether the procurement met the needs of the budget holder, was economically advantageous, complied with legal regulations, and achieved the intended goals. Given the existing challenges—such as inefficient use of budget funds due to inflated prices, corruption and fraud, substandard goods and services from suppliers, and unfair competition—this study proposes a KPI framework for assessing the socio-economic efficiency of procurement, including price, quality, operational, competitive efficiency, transparency, and social and environmental impact. Objective. The objective of the article is to justify the use of a KPI system as a tool for post-marketing analysis in public procurement. Methodology. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, formalization, abstraction, comparison, and classification. Results. The article outlines KPI evaluation methods for post-marketing analysis, including economic and statistical analysis (horizontal, vertical, and comparative), surveys, questionnaires, and feedback collection from end users and suppliers to assess satisfaction levels. Additionally, observation, audits, procurement process monitoring, and complaint and violation analysis are considered. The proposed principles of public procurement post-marketing based on KPI have the potential to improve procurement efficiency by adjusting marketing tools for future operations, such as forming adequate technical requirements and qualification criteria for participants, identifying unreliable suppliers, optimizing budget expenditures by analysing previous procurements, and fostering long-term public-private partnerships. Evaluating procurement efficiency using KPI not only helps identify weaknesses in the procurement process but also enhances transparency, economic viability, and social responsibility in public procurement.

The aim of this work is to implement the adaptation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication channel using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Simulation was provided on the base of original model for communication channel “Ground Control Station – Satellite Transponder – Aerial Relay Drone – UAV”, which was designed using MATLAB Simulink software. Dependences of the Bit Error Rate (BER) on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for different data rates, BER on Ground Control Station antenna diameter and BER on “Satellite Transponder” and “Aerial Relay Drone” amplifiers nonlinearity were obtained and analysed. The program code for training a linear regression model for predicting BER based on the obtained data is presented. The trained model adaptively changes SNR to find the optimal value at different Data Rates. The BER, SNR, and Data Rate dependences on time during channel adaptation are plotted.

The article analyzes the operation of cement concrete road and airfield structures. Factors influencing the formation and development of deformities. The materials and technologies that are used in the construction, reconstruction and repair of road and airfield pavements, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. The issues of increasing the durability of concrete have been studied.