Mutah University

Background Breast cancer in Jordan accounts for 37.5% of all cancers in females. With the absence of regular systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, work is focused mainly on health promotion campaigns. This study assessed the screening uptake, identified barriers, and examined women’s awareness of the importance of mammography screening in Jordan. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted in six governorates in Jordan. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with a random sample of women aged 40 to 69 years who were eligible for mammography screening. Results 610 participants with a mean age of 50.35 ± 7.6 years were included in the study. Breast self-examination, doctor examination, and periodic mammography screening were reported by 33.6%, 13.8%, and 10.4% of study participants, respectively. High income and family history of breast cancer were statistically significant predictors of screening. This study identified key barriers to screening such as cost and limited healthcare professionals’ advice. Conclusions In the absence of a national program for free systematic screening for breast cancer in Jordan, the uptake of mammography screening is expected to stay at low rates. The outcomes of the study will assist future campaigns and programs for improving the uptake of breast cancer screening in Jordan.

Gentamicin (GEN) is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for Gram-negative bacterial infections. One of the most common adverse consequences of it is renal damage which is developed in 30% of individuals receiving GEN for over 7 days. For the first time, we attempted to examine the reno-protective activity of rupatadine (RUP) on GEN-induced renal injury in rats. Renal damage was established by GEN in male Wistar rats. Histopathological analysis and kidney function panel were assessed. Levels of MDA, catalase, and SOD were detected using the colorimetric method. ELISA was utilized to assess the renal levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. qRT-PCR assessed mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2. Protein expression of Nrf-2, NF-κB, and caspase 3 were evaluated using Western blotting. GEN resulted in renal malfunction, high serum levels of cystatin C and BUN, increased renal levels of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β, decreased SOD and catalase activities, stimulated renal activation of NF-κB, and caspase 3 as well as inhibited the Nrf-2 protein expression, and upregulated Bax gene expression while it suppressed Bcl-2 gene expression. Conversely, RUP administration markedly attenuated the nephrotoxicity of GEN. RUP suppressed the levels of the proinflammatory mediators, inactivated the renal NF-κB and caspase 3 proteins, declined renal mRNA levels of Bax gene, and upregulated the renal mRNA level of the Bcl-2 gene. In conclusion, RUP mitigated GEN-caused renal damage by suppressing proinflammatory markers, mitigating apoptosis via repressing the intracellular PAF/NF-κB/caspase-3 pathway and upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascades.

Background Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer continues to be a significant global challenge, as resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) often reduces its effectiveness. Entinostat (ENT), a novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), has been suggested to overcome the resistance. However, there is still ongoing debate regarding its efficacy and safety. Objective Our meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of ENT plus exemestane (EXE) versus placebo (PL) plus EXE in patients with HR+ breast cancer. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to November 2024, resulting in the inclusion of four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1371 patients. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), while secondary outcomes were the objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and adverse events (AEs). Our meta-analysis was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42024615056). Results Our Analysis showed that ENT + EXE significantly enhanced PFS in the overall HR+ population Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.79 (95% CI 0.68–0.92; P = 0.003), particularly among human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2−) negative patients (HR = 0.80; 95% CI 0.68–0.95; P = 0.01) when compared to PL + EXE. However, no significant improvements were noted in OS (HR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.63–1.30; P = 0.60), ORR with relative risk (RR) = 1.37 (95% CI 0.90–2.07; P = 0.14), CBR (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.89–1.74; P = 0.29). Furthermore, our safety analysis demonstrated that patients receiving ENT + EXE experienced significantly higher rates of adverse events (AEs) of all grades, with a RR of 1.33 (95% CI 0.99–1.78) and a significant increase in grade ≥ 3 AEs (RR = 3.04; 95% CI 2.52–3.67). Conclusion The ENT + EXE combination demonstrates significant PFS benefits in HR + breast cancer patients compared to PL + EXE. However, no improvements were seen in OS, ORR, or CBR. In addition, the higher incidence of AEs, especially hematologic and gastrointestinal, highlights the need for careful patient selection and monitoring.

Background The healthcare system, particularly the midwifery profession in Jordan, faces significant challenges that negatively impact midwives and the quality of maternal care, primarily due to resource limitations and increasing service demands. While quantitative research has examined burnout levels among Jordanian midwives, there is limited qualitative insight into their lived experiences, particularly in the southern region of Jordan. Objective This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to burnout among midwives in southern Jordan and to gain a deeper understanding of their professional experiences within the current healthcare context. Methods A qualitative descriptive approach was employed between 2023 and 2024. Ten midwives were purposively recruited from public hospitals and community health centers in southern Jordan. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria: confirmability, credibility, dependability, and transferability. Results Two main themes emerged from the analysis: 1) the emotional and physical toll of undervaluation and its negative impact on job satisfaction, and 2) limited professional autonomy and challenges related to empowerment in clinical settings. These findings reflect both personal and structural contributors to burnout. Conclusion Burnout among midwives in southern Jordan is driven by emotional strain, lack of recognition, and restricted autonomy. These challenges affect not only job satisfaction but also the quality of care provided. Addressing these issues through supportive policies, improved working conditions, and greater professional recognition is critical for strengthening the midwifery workforce. The findings also offer valuable insights for other countries with similar healthcare structures and midwifery challenges.

Introduction Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects up to 40% of reproductive-age women and often involves myofascial pelvic pain syndrome (MPPS), a musculoskeletal condition associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. Effective treatment options are limited, and pudendal nerve blocks have been proposed as an adjunct to pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of adding pudendal nerve blocks to PFPT on pain reduction and quality of life in patients with MPPS. Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blind trial enrolled women with MPPS referred for PFPT. Participants were randomized to receive either pudendal nerve blocks with local anesthetic and steroid or placebo saline injections weekly for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was pain measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes included muscle tenderness, pelvic floor strength, and quality-of-life metrics (PFDI, PFIQ, SF-36, and FSFI). Statistical analyses included paired t -tests and mixed-model analysis for repeated measures. Results Both groups experienced significant improvements in VAS scores ( p < 0.001) and muscle tenderness ( p = 0.003), with no significant differences between the groups ( p = 0.7, p = 0.15). As pain and tenderness decreased, patients reported increased pelvic floor strength, reduced distress, and improved quality of life by week 8. Conclusions While pudendal blocks did not significantly enhance outcomes over placebo injections, PFPT alone likely drove the observed improvements in pain and quality of life. Future studies with larger sample sizes and additional comparison groups are needed to explore the potential role of adjunctive therapies in managing MPPS.

Alzheimer’s is a global disease (AD). The most important pathogenesis of AD is the increase in the amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition, and abnormal phosphorylation aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Many etiological factors are implicated in the production of AD such as age, genetics, lifestyle, environmental factors, and gut microbiota (GM). Dysregulation of GM contributes to AD pathogenesis and cognitive impairment via several mechanisms, including Aβ and Tau protein aggregation, production of neurotransmitters and metabolites, immune dysregulation, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, and leaky gut.Sex differences might be an important factor for AD pathogenesis. About 75 % of AD patients are females. The higher prevalence of AD in females is due to their genetics, brain structure, and function, estrogen, lifestyle factors (e.g., education, occupation, exercise, and sleep), and incidences of infection and inflammations. Because women live longer than men do, they are more likely to get AD.This article discusses the role of the GM and sex differences in AD. It begins with an overview of the gut-microbiota axis and sex differences in AD. It discusses promising therapeutic strategies for AD targeting GM.

This study explores the use of deep learning neural networks and transfer learning to estimate the age of sheep from their dental images. This is an important aspect of agriculture for meat quality, animal welfare, breeding, and health management. Using cutting-edge techniques, MobileNet, ResNet50, and ResNet102, we compare two deep learning approaches: fine-tuning and feature extraction using the pre-trained version of these models as part of our investigation. We collected 540 images of sheep from nearby farms, concentrating on three age groups: young, middle-aged, and elderly, for the purpose of our study. With an interesting recognition accuracy of 96.9%, the experimental results demonstrate that ResNet102 is the best performer both when fine-tuned and when employing its deep features that are retrieved from its pre-trained version. These findings highlight how cutting-edge machine learning techniques have the potential to completely transform long-standing methods in the sheep sector and pave the way for developing a novel mobile application that improves economic outcomes and cultural conformity concerning sheep age recognition.

The traditional flexible job-shop scheduling problem (FJSP) typically operates under the assumption that the product operations must follow a strict sequence, meaning that an operation can only begin once its preceding operation is finished. Nevertheless, in real-world production environments, it is frequently observed that some operations can be performed without sequence restrictions, thereby providing greater flexibility in the scheduling process. In this study, two solution approaches are proposed to tackle three performance measures (completion time, total cost and total energy consumption) in the green FJSP. The first solution is a multi-level lexicographical analysis. Three levels were proposed in this approach to handle the three performance measures, where a novel mathematical model was introduced at each level. The priorities of the three performance measures are known and fixed. The second solution approach is a weighted multi-objective fuzzy mathematical model, in which the weights for the performance measures are varied. The results illustrate the ability of the second-solution approach to dominate the results of the first-solution approach in terms of simultaneously reducing the three performance measures. The two proposed approaches help the decision-maker to deal with the operation sequence constraints in green FJSP to acquire optimal scheduling considering the priorities of performance measures.

We introduce Iterative Clustering with Training (ICT), a hybrid approach that combines clustering with iterative classifier-based refinement. Unlike traditional clustering methods, ICT leverages supervised learning to reassign ambiguous boundary points, improving cluster quality. The proposed approach starts with an initial clustering phase, followed by the computation of silhouette scores to separate high-confidence core points from uncertain boundary points. A classifier (e.g., Random Forest) is then trained on core points to predict labels for boundary points, refining clusters in an iterative process until convergence is achieved. To avoid trivial clusters, minimum cluster ratio constraints are implemented. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets show that ICT outperforms traditional clustering methods such as k-means, HDBSCAN, and spectral clustering across several evaluation metrics, such as Adjusted Rand Index , Normalized Mutual Information, and Accuracy. ICT particularly excels at handling clusters that overlap, have noise, and complex geometries, where standard methods often fail. Key advantages include adaptive core selection , iterative refinement, and classifier flexibility, making ICT suitable for applications in customer segmentation, anomaly detection, and biological data analysis.

We proposed and simulated a lead-free and environmentally friendly photovoltaic device based on Na2SnBr6 as an absorber layer. We theoretically investigated the effects of different parameters (particularly absorber layer thickness, defect density, and charge transport layer selection) on the device performance. The optimized structure consists of CBTS as the hole transport layer and SnS2 as the electron transport layer. CBTS offers a good band alignment (high carriers’ mobility) and a large hole transport layer (bonding energy), and offers superior charge carrier motion with better coupling strength. The simulation results show a power conversion efficiency of 33.85%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V, a short-circuit current density of 46.00 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 86.46%. Various interactions between the interfacial defects and recombination mechanisms are analyzed. These results show that low defect densities and excellent band alignment result in high power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, this work serves as the theoretical basis of stable, efficient, and non-toxic photovoltaic devices based on halide double perovskites.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. While antiplatelet therapy is standard for secondary prevention, many patients still experience early neurological deterioration (END). Argatroban, a direct thrombin inhibitor, can potentially limit thrombus progression and improve AIS’s functional outcomes. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of argatroban in combination with single (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared to antiplatelets alone. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted until January 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating argatroban plus antiplatelets versus antiplatelets alone in AIS patients were included. The primary outcome was a 90-day modified Rankin Score (mRS) of 0–2. Secondary outcomes included mRS 0–1 and mRS 3–5 at 90 days, END, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) improvement, stroke recurrence, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality. We used the mean difference (MD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous ones at 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a P-value of 0.05. A total of 14 studies (four RCTs and 10 cohort studies) were included. Compared to antiplatelets alone, argatroban significantly improved functional outcomes, increasing the incidence of mRS 0–2 (OR = 1.36 [95%CI: 1.05, 1.76, P = 0.02]) and mRS 0–1 (OR = 1.54 [95%CI: 1.08, 2.2, P = 0.02]) while reducing END (OR = 0.42 [95%CI: 0.21, 0.85, P = 0.02]). Argatroban was also associated with greater NIHSS score improvement (MD = − 0.52 [95%CI: − 0.89, − 0.15, P = 0.005]). No significant differences were observed in mRS 3–5, stroke recurrence, ICH, sICH, or mortality. Subgroup analysis indicated that argatroban combined with DAPT showed the greatest benefits. Argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy improves functional recovery and reduces END without increasing bleeding risks. These findings support its use, particularly with DAPT, in mild to moderate AIS management. Further large-scale RCTs are needed to optimize dosing strategies and patient selection.

Accounting digital transformation in today’s fast-digitizing banking environment is becoming an imperative force driving transparency and governance in the banking industry. This study explores the effect of accounting digital transformation on transparency in finance, with emphasis on the mediating effect of good governance in Jordan’s commercial banking. Based on survey data from 386 bank experts, the study utilizes Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze the relationships among organizational, technical, and human dimensions of digital transformation, governance, as well as financial transparency. The findings show that all three dimensions have positive impacts on transparency in finance, and good governance partially mediates these relationships. These insights provide policy makers and practising managers with actionable advice to enhance financial reporting through governance and digitization.

Background Language barriers in medical education, particularly in countries where foreign languages are used as the medium of instruction, pose significant challenges for domestic medical students. These barriers hinder academic performance, comprehension, and communication with patients, ultimately impacting the quality of healthcare delivery. Despite the prevalence of this issue, a comprehensive understanding of its effects remains underexplored. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on language barriers in medical education and propose strategies to address them. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of studies published up to March 21, 2024, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies focused on language barriers faced by medical, pharmacy, nursing, dental, or veterinary students in countries relying on foreign-language-based medical education. Data extraction included study characteristics, reported language barriers, and their impact on education and patient communication. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results From 5,410 citations, 49 studies involving over 14,500 students met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (n = 32) were conducted in Arab countries, with 15 in Saudi Arabia. Two key themes emerged: (1) Education and Academic Performance: Students frequently reported difficulties comprehending foreign-language textbooks, lectures, and assessments, leading to poor academic outcomes, increased stress, and higher dropout rates. (2) Communication Skills with Patients: Studying and training in a foreign language hindered students’ ability to communicate effectively with patients in their native language, impacting empathy, medical history collection, and overall patient care. Many studies highlighted students felt more confident and effective when using their native language during clinical interactions. Conclusion Language barriers in foreign-language-based medical education significantly impede students’ academic performance and patient communication skills. Addressing these challenges through reforms, such as integrating native language instruction and supplemental language training, is crucial to enhancing medical education quality and ensuring effective healthcare delivery. Future research should explore innovative solutions, including bilingual education and AI-driven translation tools, to bridge these gaps.

Food preservatives can break food safety worldwide; herein, we studied the mitigating effect of Ficus carica (FC) on hepato‐renal injury resulting from monosodium glutamate (MSG) or metanil yellow (MY) as a common food preservative. Rats were assigned into five groups; Control, MSG (400 mg/kg), MY (200 mg/kg), FC+MSG (received FC plus MSG), and FC+MY group (received FC plus MY). The antioxidant properties of FC were evaluated. The results revealed the antioxidant potency of FC leave extract. MSG/MY evoked a hepato‐renal injury indicated by marked elevations in their biochemical functions. Besides, oxidative damage was also initiated represented by significant increases in MDA levels and decreases in GSH content and SOD activity accompanied by apoptotic cascade (increases in Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase3 expression). The molecular docking ascertained the interaction between MSG/MY and cellular antioxidants. However, FC was able to reduce the MSG/MY‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and histopathological alterations as well as improve the liver and kidney functions. In the molecular docking model, the natural bioactive compounds of FC explored high affinities for binding with Bax and caspase‐3 abrogating the induced apoptosis. The antioxidant potential of FC mitigated the hepato‐renal damage in rats caused by MSG or MY.

This study aims to predict hemorrhagic stroke outcomes, including 90-day prognosis and in-hospital mortality, using machine learning models and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Data were collected from a national Stroke Registry from January 2014 to July 2022. Various predictive factors were considered, such as stroke severity at presentation, patient demographics, laboratory results, admission location, and other clinical features. Random forest, logistic regression, XGboost, support vector machines, and decision trees were trained and evaluated. SHAP analysis was conducted to identify key predictors. The RF model demonstrated superior performance in predicting prognosis, while LR was more effective in predicting in-hospital mortality. The National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) and admission location were key predictors. Despite its limitations, this research underscores the importance of advancing stroke registries and emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive external validation of predictive models. Furthermore, it demonstrates the importance of initial stroke severity in influencing patient outcomes and highlights the significance of admission to stroke units in reducing poor outcomes. This may help shape interventions to enhance stroke center capacities and influence strategic policies. This study contributes towards developing more precise predictive models for hemorrhagic stroke outcomes, potentially impacting clinical practice and optimizing resource allocation significantly.

Background/Objective: Congenital anomalies (CAs) are structural or functional abnormalities contributing to global neonatal morbidity and mortality. Data on antenatally diagnosed CAs in southern Jordan are limited. The present study reports their prevalence and patterns at the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Clinic of a governmental hospital and examines associated maternal, pregnancy, and delivery outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, hospital-based study involved all pregnant women who presented to the clinic between January 2022 to December 2023 and were diagnosed with congenital fetal anomalies. Data about maternal characteristics, classification of fetal anomalies, and pregnancy outcomes were retrieved from medical files. Statistical analyses comprised chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, independent t-tests, and multiple binary logistic regressions. Results: Among the 750 pregnant women, 74 (9.9%) were diagnosed with CAs. Urinary system anomalies were the most common (54.1%), followed by central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (37.8%). Major anomalies constituted 59.5%, whereas 40.5% were minor anomalies. Gestational age at diagnosis and birthweight were significantly associated with major anomalies (p < 0.05). All stillbirths (10.8%) and pregnancy losses before 24 weeks of gestation (9.5%) occurred in cases with major anomalies (p < 0.05). Though preterm delivery rates were higher with major anomalies, this association was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Major CAs (59.5%) in this southern Jordan cohort were strongly linked to stillbirths and early pregnancy loss, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and improved prenatal care. Targeted interventions, including anomaly scans and risk factor (RF) screening, may reduce the 9.9% prevalence observed.

Background Diabetes mellitus is predominantly a growing global problem interconnected proportionally with obesity escalation. The current study evaluated the prognostic implications of vitamin B12 administration on Body Mass Index (BMI) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in type 2 diabetic patients treated with dapagliflozin. Methods In this controlled randomized, double-blind trial, 160 patients for each arm were enrolled from July 2022 to June 2023 in Amman, Jordan.; 76 females and 84 males with inclusion criteria of vitamin B12 less than 233 ng/ml, age between 19-76 years, HbA1c range between 6.8-9.1%, and BMI less than 35. Group I received only dapagliflozin 10 mg/daily for a period of 12 months, whereas, group II received vitamin B12 supplements, methylcobalamin 500 µg, once daily with dapagliflozin 10 mg/day. HbA1c, Vitamin B12, and BMI were measured at time intervals of 0, 6, and 12 months. Using SPSS version 23, P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The continuous variables were reported as median and IQR. Mann-Whitney-u test and Correlations Spearman’s rho were used for continuous variables. Results The co-administration of vitamin B12 significantly decreased the levels of HbA1c in group II (54 participants) to 6.66±0.643 by 0.6 %, F(2,78)=172, P<0.001, compared to the subjects in group I (6.92±0.434). A significant impact of vitamin B12 administration on BMI lowering was observed at different time intervals during the study (P=0.002). Conclusion The co-administration of vitamin B12 as a supplement for diabetic patients improved BMI and HbA1c levels. Trial Registration Number: NCT06241638.

Introduction: Microsurgical varicocelectomy is a widely performed procedure to treat varicocele, a condition impacting male fertility and well-being, yet its emotional and psychological outcomes remain underexplored. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the emotional, psychological, and relational experiences of Jordanian patients undergoing microsurgical varicocelectomy. Patients and Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was utilized to examine the subjective experiences of 18 patients who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy in Jordan within the past year. Participants were recruited from two private hospitals and four clinics using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews guided by a culturally tailored protocol addressing emotional, psychological, and relational dimensions of recovery. Interviews were conducted face-to-face in private settings, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis framework, ensuring a rigorous and systematic approach. Themes were reviewed and validated to ensure credibility and reflect participants’ experiences accurately. Results: The analysis revealed six key themes. Emotional and psychological impact included pre-surgical distress (14 participants), post-surgical relief (12 participants), and persistent anxieties (8 participants). Sexual function and outcomes showed significant improvements (16 participants), however some reported mixed recovery experiences (13 participants) and unmet expectations (11 participants). Partner and relationship dynamics highlighted the critical role of partners, with improved communication (9 participants) and partner support (8 participants) enhancing recovery. The recovery process involved pain and discomfort during the early stages (15 participants), gradual progress (14 participants), and occasional complications (7 participants). Education and support needs revealed gaps in pre-surgical counseling (11 participants) and a desire for peer support (8 participants). Perceived quality of life included holistic improvements beyond sexual function (13 participants) and also lingering barriers to full satisfaction (9 participants). The findings highlight recovery challenges alongside transformative physical and emotional benefits. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive, patient-centered care that addresses emotional, psychological, and relational aspects of recovery, with a focus on improving pre-surgical counseling, follow-up care, and peer support programs in Jordanian healthcare settings.

ESG sustainability reporting research is growing. Covid-19 and ESG reporting in Jordanian banks is the primary purpose of this study. Based on earlier studies, a modified ESG disclosure index analyzes 2010–2024 bank sustainability reports. ASE clustered OLS regression with fixed effect standard error tests hypotheses on 16 balanced Jordanian-listed banks. Multivariate modeling showed that Jordanian banks with higher ESG sustainability scores performed better during the COVID-19 epidemic. Each ESG sustainability reporting component supports this conclusion. Organizations have shown their COVID-19 pandemic preparation and crisis ethics by agreeing to meet ESG performance requirements. After a pandemic, firms have to adhere to the highest ethical standards. This study has major implications for businesses and legislators. The study's findings could be considered by regulators and lawmakers to create legislation that emphasize company openness and engagement to promote sustainable practices. Businesses are required to incorporate sustainable development into their strategy, management, and governance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses should help restore and reimagine the economy. This study examines how COVID-19 affects ESG disclosure obligations. This article examines this issue using Jordanian statistics. Further research on CSR/ESG activities in developing nations is needed due to rising global economic trends and societal differences between developing and emerging states. Several studies have examined how the COVID-19 epidemic influenced a business's finances and operations, but few have examined ESG reporting. This research fills this gap by using Jordanian data.