Moscow State Forest University

We explore the fundamental principles underlying the architecture of the human brain’s structural connectome through the lens of spectral analysis of Laplacian and adjacency matrices. Building on the idea that the brain balances efficient information processing with minimizing wiring costs, our goal is to understand how the metric properties of the connectome relate to the presence of an inherent scale. We demonstrate that a simple generative model combining nonlinear preferential attachment with an exponential penalty for spatial distance between nodes can effectively reproduce several key features of the human connectome. These include spectral density, edge length distribution, eigenmode localization, local clustering, and topological properties. Additionally, we examine the finer spectral characteristics of human structural connectomes by evaluating the inverse participation ratios (IPRq) across various parts of the spectrum. Our analysis shows that the level statistics in the soft cluster region of the Laplacian spectrum (where eigenvalues are small) deviate from a purely Poisson distribution due to interactions between clusters. Furthermore, we identify localized modes with large IPR values in the continuous spectrum. Multiple fractal eigenmodes are found across different parts of the spectrum, and we evaluate their fractal dimensions. We also find a power-law behavior in the return probability—a hallmark of critical behavior—and conclude by discussing how our findings are related to previous conjectures that the brain operates in an extended critical phase that supports multifractality.

Light induced release of cisplatin from Pt(IV) prodrugs is a promising tool for precise spatiotemporal control over the antiproliferative activity of Pt‐based chemotherapeutic drugs. A combination of light‐controlled chemotherapy (PACT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in one molecule has the potential to overcome crucial drawbacks of both Pt‐based chemotherapy and PDT via a synergetic effect. Herein we report green‐light‐activated Pt(IV) prodrug GreenPt with BODIPY‐based photosentitizer in the axial position with an incredible high light response and singlet oxygen generation ability. GreenPt demonstrated the ability to release cisplatin under low‐dose green light irradiation up to 1 J/cm². The investigation of the photoreduction mechanism of GreenPt prodrug using DFT modeling and ΔG0 PET estimation revealed that the anion‐radical formation and substituent photoinduced electron transfer from the triplet excited state of the BODIPY axial ligand to the Pt(IV) center is the key step in the light‐induced release of cisplatin. Green‐light‐activated BODIPY‐based photosentitizers 5 and 8 demonstrated outstanding photosensitizing properties with an extraordinary phototoxicity index (PI)>1300. GreenPt prodrug demonstrated gradual intracellular accumulation and light‐induced phototoxicity with PI>100, thus demonstrating dual action through light‐controlled release of both cisplatin and a potent BODIPY‐based photosensitizer.

The mode of a supersonic flow around a cavity depends on the parameters of the incoming flow and the geometry of the cavity. In a certain range of ratios between the length and depth of the cavity, both open and closed flow modes in the cavity are possible. An important practical problem is to find ways to control the flow modes in the cavity, and in particular, ways to expand the region of favorable open flow modes. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of a supersonic flow around an annular cavity formed by a coaxial conical tip and a cylindrical body connected by a cylindrical rod. A perforated interceptor is used to control the flow mode in the cavity at different angles of the tip cone. With a continuous change in the length of the cavity in the flow, the boundaries of the regions of the single-mode and multimode cavity flow are determined. The data obtained show the possibility of significantly expanding the region of the open flow mode in the cavity

This paper presents experimental studies of a supersonic flow around axisymmetric annular cavities on pointed cylindrical bodies at angles of attack. A single- and multimode flow around the cavity is observed in a wide range of determining parameters (relative length of the cavity L/h and angle of attack α). Reversible and irreversible switching of flow modes in the cavity occurs with a continuous change in the determining parameters. In a closed cavity, with an increase in the angle of attack, a local pressure increase is recorded on the leeward side of the rear step, exceeding the pressure on the wind ward side of the same step.

The data of measurements of the delay time and amplitudes of radio reflections from the bedrock of the Vavilov Ice Cap, obtained during the period of rapid movement of its western part were used to evaluate the power reflection coefficient from the bedrock, which correlates with the high speeds (more than 1000 m/year) of glacier movement in the area that has advanced onto the shallow water area.

The isotope composition (δ18O values) of different-age snow layers, which make up the snow cover at the time of maximal water storage, was compared with the isotope composition of precipitation that formed these layers during the winter season of 2018/2019 on the territory of the meteorological observatory, Moscow State University. It was found that the expected isotopic composition becoming heavier from the time of precipitation to the time of sampling was practically independent of the age of the layers.

A histological comparison of lipofilling and hyaluronic acid filler injection was performed in rats. Studies at the histological level showed that, compared with hyaluronic acid filler injection, autologous fat grafting led to a more uniform distribution of adipose tissue at 30 days after treatment and a decrease in the area of sebaceous glands. Compared with lipofilling, the hyaluronic acid filler facilitated an increase in epidermis thickness because the granular layer and dermis grew thicker in addition to the filler injected into the subcutaneous space.

The type of development is known to correlate with the egg size in marine invertebrates. Data on the maximum oocyte size were considered for deep-sea acorn worms of the family Torquaratoridae. The family was assumed to include species with direct development, species with lecithotrophic larvae, and species with planktotrophic larvae. Mysterious giant larvae of Planctosphaera pelagica may be planktotrophic larvae of Torquaratoridae.