Moscow State University of Psychology & Education

p>A cohort comparative study of the eating behavior characteristics and related factors was conducted in 618 schoolgirls aged 12–18 years from Ryazan. The survey was conducted in 2009–2011 and in 2021/2023 years. Comparison groups were formed from the 2009–2011 and 2021/2023 cohorts based on the principle of paired matching by age in months. The final sample consisted of 326 girls aged 12 to 17.3 years (M = 14.74 ± 1.36), 163 girls in each cohort with a maximally equalized age composition. The Russian-language version of EAT-26, the author's questionnaire “Risk factors for eating disorders”, and self-esteem measurement using the Dembo–Rubinstein method were used. Height, weight, waist and hip measurements, and time of menarche were also recorded. The incidence of eating disorder risk according to the EAT-26 test cutoff criterion for girls aged 12–14 increased from 7.9% to 14.9% (p < 0.1) a decade later, while for girls aged 15–17 it decreased from 17.3% to 12%, but the differences obtained did not reach the significance level. When comparing physical characteristics, eating behavior, and risk factors of eating disorder among different cohorts, significant differences were obtained in many parameters, mainly in the younger age subgroup (12–14 years).</p

p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the professional, scientific and pedagogical activities of the famous psychologist, candidate of science in psychology, associate professor Elena B. Fantlova and is dedicated to her anniversary. All of E.B. Fantlova’s professional activities, as a graduate of the psychology department at Lomonosov Moscow State University, are connected with psychology, both general and clinical. She developed original tests to assess values and accessibility of values, which are used in Russian psychology. She develops the theme of “Russian Catharsis” as a possible option for psychological assistance for people. The article traces her professional line as both a researcher and a teacher. Her research experience was gained in the fields of pathopsychology, psychosomatics and examination. The teacher’s experience was formed during work at the faculty of clinical psychology at MSSMU named after Evdokimov (now — Russian university of medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) and Moscow state university of psychology and education.</p

Based on long-term monitoring of the water bodies of the Naroch Lakes ecosystem (Belarus), we assessed the gross primary production (GPP) and the growth rate of phytoplankton under conditions of various nutrient loads. To estimate the growth rate of phytoplankton, we used both the ratio of primary production to biomass (P/B) and the results of mathematical modeling using the knowledge-and-data-driven (KDD) approach. Both estimates, the P/B ratio, and the results of the KDD approach turned out to be well consistent with each other. We identified periods of high (1978–1986) and low (2006–2018) phosphorus concentrations in lake water. Gross primary production of plankton naturally increased with increasing phosphorus load, while no relationship between the nutrient load and the phytoplankton growth rate was found. In the period between 1987 and 2005, the invasive filter-feeding zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha colonized the Naroch Lakes. During the Dreissena polymorpha invasion, changes in the photosynthetic capacity of phytoplankton were clearly manifested.

p style="text-align: justify;"> Context and relevance. Online sexual harassment continues to pose a threat to children and adolescents. It is provoked not only by the criminal intentions of the perpetrators, but also by the careless online activity of minors themselves. Objective. It is important to identify and describe the characteristics of victimized behavior depending on the age and gender of its subjects, to understand who is most vulnerable to sexual abuse on the Internet. Hypothesis. In each age period, boys and girls have specific characteristics of responding to the situation of cybergrooming. Methods and materials. A content analysis of Internet correspondence between 105 offenders and 205 boys and girls aged 8 to 16 years was carried out. Results. The dynamics of interaction between communicants are revealed with an emphasis on the readiness of minors for it. The predominant vulnerability of children and adolescents to grooming has been established (almost 70% of the sample). A portrait of victimization among representatives of three age groups was compiled, taking into account their gender. The greatest gullibility and lack of understanding of the essence of manipulations is demonstrated by children aged 8—10 years old, involvement in the discussion of sexual topics and sexting is demonstrated by girls aged 11—13 years old, and an orientation toward transferring communication to the offline environment is demonstrated by boys aged 14—16 years old. Conclusions. It is proposed to take into account the identified characteristics of victimization in practical activities.</p

p style="text-align: justify;">In order to develop evidence-based approaches to forensic psychiatric examination of legal capacity, methods for studying prospective memory were tested in persons with chronic mental disorders living in residential care facilities or being on a semi-stationary form of social services. The sample consisted of 25 people. Methods included laboratory, naturalistic and natural methods for studying prospective memory, Comprehensive assessment of prospective memory (CAPM), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Russian version of the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS), PSP, the Standardized Protocol of Clinical Interview. The relationships between experimentally detected impairments in prospective memory and impairments in cognitive, executive, volitional and motivational functions were confirmed. It is concluded that prospective memory is directly related to the ability to regulate person’s activities in everyday life, which determines the appropriateness of prospective memory assessment in forensic psychiatric examinations of legal capacity. The results of an experimental study of prospective memory in combination with self-questionnaires can be considered as an additional method of studying critical functions.</p

p style="text-align: justify;">The focus of our attention in this paper is to discuss the coping behavior of inmates and to consider the potential of applying social identity theory to understanding this phenomenon. Coping behavior is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be defined as conscious behavior aimed at active interaction with a stressful or difficult life situation, i.e. changing it (when it is controllable) or adapting to it (when the situation is uncontrollable). Under social identity we understand an individual's knowledge of his/her belonging to certain social groups together with some emotional and value significance of this group membership for him/her. Having considered the main foreign and domestic approaches to understanding the coping behavior, as well as some provisions of the theory of social identity, we can make a key conclusion that it is important to consider the coping behavior of convicts not only at the individual, but also at the social level. The main thesis discussed in the framework of this theoretical and analytical work is the idea that the content of coping behaviors in a difficult life situation is, among other things, determined by the orientation of social groups in which a person is included. Due to the fact that such groups can have antisocial orientation, the study of the characteristics of a person's social identities and the degree of identification with this or that group becomes especially relevant, since, being a member of a social group, a person's coping behavior in a difficult life situation is determined by the orientation of social groups.</p

p style="text-align: justify;"> Context and Relevance. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of personal choice of participation in extreme volunteerism. The methodological basis of the study was made up of axiological, self-determinative and subject-participatory approaches. Objective. To establish the relationship between the characteristics of the complementary model of self-determination of personality and predictors of personal choice of participation in extreme volunteerism. Hypothesis. The personal choice of participation in extreme volunteerism is determined by the system of meaning formation of personality, which is based on the type of self-determination, awareness of the freedom of such choice, leading value, motivational and moral characteristics of a person. Methods and materials. The sample is represented by 67 male respondents participating in a special military operation. The following methods were used: psychological testing (“Scale of conscious choice and self-awareness” by K. Sheldon, questionnaire “Types of self-determination of personality” by S.N. Kostromina et al., V.E. Petrov's questionnaire on personal choice of participation in extreme volunteerism), expert assessment, methods of mathematical and statistical data processing (descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, assessment of differences in groups). Results. It has been established that the personal choice of participating in volunteerism is determined by the type of self-determination, awareness of the freedom of such choice, as well as the degree of expression of such characteristics as “idealism” and “activity in extreme conditions” in an individual. The orientation of the choice of participation in the diagnosed continuum “ideality — materiality” depends on the formation of functional and semantic self-determination as components of a complementary model, self-awareness, ideality, prosocial value orientation, motivation, propensity and activity in extreme activities, critical thinking. Conclusions. For volunteers with semantic self-determination, the ideological orientation of the choice of participation is characteristic, for people with functional self-determination — the material one. The research is aimed at improving psychological support for the activities of extreme volunteers and law enforcement personnel performing tasks in special conditions.</p

p style="text-align: justify;"> Context and relevance. Satisfaction of internal affairs employees with their professional service activities is an important component in the system of staffing as well as moral and psychological support of the activities of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. Objective. To determine the subjective and objective indicators that affect the satisfaction of internal affairs employees with their professional service activities. Hypothesis. Satisfaction of internal affairs employees with their professional service activities is affected by both subjective and objective indicators. Methods and materials. The respondents were 124 employees of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The research methods were represented by the following diagnostic block: “Diagnostics of the structure of motives of labor activity” (by T.L. Badoev); “Methodology of motivation for success” (by T. Ehlers); “Job Satisfaction Questionnaire”, JSS (by P. Spector); “Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire”, MSQ; Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, OCQ (by L. Porter); “Career Anchors” questionnaire (by Edgar H. Schein). Results. The results revealed that there are a lot of indicators affecting internal affairs employees’ satisfaction with their professional service activities. Conclusions. The development of professional success and efficiency in internal affairs employees requires taking into account the indicators affecting their satisfaction with their professional service activities, among which there are the objective ones: gender, area of service activity, education level and leadership position; and the subjective ones: motivation for success, job satisfaction, career orientation, organizational loyalty. Nature of work and relationships with colleagues play the primary role in internal affairs employees’ satisfaction with their service activities. The most pronounced career orientation is “serving” and stability of the workplace (service).</p

p> Context and relevance. Learning motivation is the most important component of educational activity. The specification of educational motivation in different educational environments representing the modern context of secondary education in Russia should be based both on understanding of the processes of student's personal development and on the knowledge of the specifics of each educational environment. Objective. To analyze the specifics of educational motivation in the context of the personal development of older adolescents studying in three different educational environments (grades 10-11 of a regular secondary school and two colleges with different levels of entrance tests and academic performance requirements for applicants). Hypothesis. There are significant differences in the nature of students' learning motivation in three different educational environments, in the place of this motivation in the general structure of the motivation-need sphere of their personality and in a number of other personal characteristics of these adolescents. Methods and materials. The study involved 342 16–18-year-old adolescents studying in three different educational environments. The following research methods were used: the Method of Motivational Induction (MMI) by J. Nuttin, "Academic Motivation Scale for Schoolchildren" (AMS-S) created by T.O. Gordeeva et al., the questionnaire "Achievement Goal Questionnaire" (AGQ) – the Russian version of the questionnaire by E. Elliott et al. (M.G. Nikitskaya, I.L. Uglanova), "Satisfaction with Life Scale" (SWLS) by E. Diener adapted by E.N. Osin and D.A. Leontiev. Results. Statistically significant differences were revealed between the groups of adolescents studying in three educational environments in terms of the content of learning motivation and learning achievement goals, in the place of learning motivation in motivation-need sphere of adolescents, as well as in the relation of learning motivation to life satisfaction. Conclusions. The results may be used to improve the quality of education and upbringing of adolescents in schools and colleges of Russia with different contingent of students and various professional training programs.</p

p>The article presents a report on the conference organized by Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology. A brief overview of the reports is presented and a reflective summary of the issues and the main outcomes of the event is made.</p

p> Context and relevance. The functional state of a substitute family has a significant impact on the social well-being of foster adolescents. This study aims to identify the interrelationship between these aspects, which is crucial for understanding the processes of adaptation and integration of foster children into new families. Objective. To determine the relationship between the functional state of a substitute family and the social well-being of a foster adolescent. Hypothesis. There exists a positive correlation between the functional state of a substitute family and the level of social well-being of a foster adolescent. Methods and materials. The study involved 60 substitute families and 60 foster adolescents from various districts of the Chuvash Republic. The following methodologies were employed: Hardiness Test, Dispositional Optimism Questionnaire, and the "Technological Map for Assessing the Functional State of a Substitute Family". These tools enabled the evaluation of family relationships, parenting methods, determination of risk categories for the functional state of substitute families, investigation of family dynamics, and psychological characteristics of adolescents. Results. Empirical evidence confirmed the hypothesis regarding the existence of a link between the functional state of a substitute family and the social well-being of a foster adolescent. Furthermore, the specifics of this connection were identified depending on the gender of the adolescents. Conclusions. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining harmonious functioning within substitute families to ensure the social well-being of their wards.</p

p> Context and relevance. The article is devoted to the memory of a prominent Russian psychologist, Valeriya Sergeyevna Mukhina, who made significant contributions to the development of domestic psychology, particularly in developmental psychology and support for orphaned children and those without parental care. It focuses on key areas of her scientific work, including her discoveries and practical recommendations widely used by professionals today. Objective. The aim of this article is to present the multifaceted personality of V.S. Mukhina as both an individual and a scientist, highlighting her role in advancing child psychology, organizing work with orphans, and providing psychological assistance to various population groups, including adults affected by crisis situations. Methods and materials. Based on the personal experience of the author, who worked closely with V.S. Mukhina over many years, the article critically examines the scholar's legacy and considers potential directions for further developing her concepts. Results. This study describes a wide range of V.S. Mukhina’s scientific achievements, such as her theory of structural elements of self-consciousness, the introduction into practice of psychological tools like the children's psychology office setup, emergency aid technologies ("PEPO briefcase") for use during stressful events, which have been tested in post-disaster relief efforts following earthquakes and other crises. Special attention is given to methods developed for working with adoptive families and minimizing dependency complexes among graduates from orphanages. Conclusions. The author concludes that V.S. Mukhina's heritage remains relevant and necessary for contemporary society. Her approaches contribute to improving practices when working with orphans, enhancing educators’ and psychologists’ levels of psychological literacy, fostering methods for shaping children's personalities across different stages of maturation and life circumstances</p

p> Context and relevance. In Russia, about 32 thousand orphaned children and those deprived of parental care are currently being raised in institutional settings. Educational work in organizations for orphans plays a crucial role in their social adaptation and personal development. The effectiveness of such work requires a comprehensive approach that includes assessing the quality of processes, conditions, and achieved results. These aspects help determine how well educational measures align with the goals and objectives of institutions for orphans. Objective. To develop a system of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of educational work in organizations for orphans. Hypothesis. Given the specifics of orphan development within an institutional setting, traumatic experiences, living conditions, and early independent life, the system of criteria and indicators should include assessment of process quality, condition quality, and result quality, including medium-term outcomes after teenagers leave the institution. Applying this system will improve the quality of educational work by creating objective mechanisms to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods and materials. For developing this system, scientific publications were analyzed, and surveys among leaders of organizations for orphans were conducted. Based on these data, criteria and indicators were identified, allowing for an objective evaluation of each aspect of educational work. Indicators have been supplemented with specific metrics that assess organizational processes, external and internal conditions, as well as immediate, social, and long-term outcomes of education. Results. The proposed system allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of educational work through three main aspects. It helps identify strengths and weaknesses in the educational process, ensure a favorable environment for upbringing, and track the achievements of students. This developed system serves as a tool for improving the quality of educational work and is consistent with the goals of events outlined in the Plan of Main Events during the Decade of Childhood. Conclusions. This system of criteria and indicators provides a holistic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of educational work in institutions for orphans. It is an important instrument for monitoring and enhancing the quality of educational work aimed at supporting and developing children without parental care.</p

p> Context and relevance. The Plan of Main Events for Implementing the Decade of Childhood, as well as several assignments from the President of the Russian Federation, include the task of improving the structure and activities of guardianship and trusteeship bodies. Today, the system for protecting children's rights and interests is unable to fully and promptly respond to modern challenges. A strategic session serves as a tool that allows determining the development vector, evaluating current results, envisioning the future, and creating a clear action plan. Objective. During the course of the strategic session, it was aimed at forming an ideal vision within the professional community regarding medium-term and long-term perspectives (up to 2036), specifically concerning: organizations for orphans and children deprived of parental care, including their purpose, structure, categories of children and families, types of activity, etc.; guardianship and trusteeship authorities (competences, organizational structure, content of work, delegation of powers, personnel policy, professional development, interaction with organizations for orphaned children). The hypothesis suggests that developing a strategic approach to enhancing the system for safeguarding children's rights and interests will enable effective responses to both present and future challenges. Methods and materials. More than 250 leaders of organizations for orphans and guardianship and trusteeship bodies participated in the strategic session: 49 heads of guardianship and trusteeship authorities from 44 regions of Russia, 101 directors of institutions for orphans and children deprived of parental care from 58 regions. Methods used included focus group discussions, individual surveys, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Results. Vectors for refining the structure and activities of guardianship and trusteeship authorities and institutions for orphans were identified, along with measures to achieve set goals and conditions for their implementation, expected outcomes in the medium term. Conclusions. The conducted survey revealed a high level of readiness among specialists for changes in the system but also highlighted the need for further elaboration on issues related to power distribution and standardization of approaches.</p

Micro Light Emitting Diode (Micro-LED) technology, characterized by exceptional brightness, low power consumption, fast response, and long lifespan, holds significant potential for next-generation displays, yet its commercialization hinges on resolving challenges in high-density interconnect fabrication, particularly micrometer-scale bump formation. Traditional fabrication approaches such as evaporation enable precise bump control but face scalability and cost limitations, while electroplating offers lower costs and higher throughput but suffers from substrate conductivity requirements and uneven current density distributions that compromise bump-height uniformity. Emerging alternatives include electroless plating, which achieves uniform metal deposition on non-conductive substrates through autocatalytic reactions albeit with slower deposition rates; ball mounting and dip soldering, which streamline processes via automated solder jetting or alloy immersion but struggle with bump miniaturization and low yield; and photosensitive conductive polymers that simplify fabrication via photolithography-patterned composites but lack validated long-term stability. Persistent challenges in achieving micrometer-scale uniformity, thermomechanical stability, and environmental compatibility underscore the need for integrated hybrid processes, eco-friendly manufacturing protocols, and novel material innovations to enable ultra-high-resolution and flexible Micro-LED implementations. This review systematically compares conventional and emerging methodologies, identifies critical technological bottlenecks, and proposes strategic guidelines for industrial-scale production of high-density Micro-LED displays.

p style="text-align: justify;"> Objectives There is a critical shortage of research on the development of communication and adaptive behavior in nonverbal children with profound intellectual disabilities and severe multiple developmental disorders (SMDD). Of particular interest is a subgroup of children for whom not only verbal speech but also the acquisition of alternative and augmentative communication (AAC) systems is inaccessible. This study explores the potential of using pre-symbolic communication to address maladaptive behavior in children with moderate, severe, and profound intellectual disabilities. Methods. The study employed the Communication Matrix tool, observation, and outcome recording. A theoretical analysis and synthesis of existing concepts of pre-symbolic communication was conducted, accompanied by illustrations of non-verbal behavior topographies and the development of an algorithm for correcting maladaptive behavior in non-verbal children with profound intellectual impairments using pre-symbolic communication. The intervention was considered effective when the behavior was formed and served the intended function. Results. The study describes examples of the topography of pre-symbolic communicative behavior in non-verbal children with severe intellectual disabilities — such as facial expressions, gaze, vocalizations, body movements, and natural gestures — used in correcting maladaptive behavior. A version of a behavior correction algorithm based on pre-symbolic communication is presented. It includes: analysis of the function of the undesired behavior, linking it to a communicative motive, assessment of the child’s communicative level, identification of target skills and desired communicative behaviors, formation of socially acceptable replacement behaviors, and evaluation of intervention effectiveness. Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of thoroughly assessing the child’s current level of communication and available non-verbal, pre-symbolic means of interaction when planning corrective interventions and identifying alternative behaviors to replace maladaptive ones.</p

For the first time, scanning electron microscopy was used to identify, study, and systematize the architecture of the vibrissa medulla in 101 species from 80 genera belonging to eight orders of Mammalia, using an original nomenclature. A wide architectural variation is due to the diversity of sizes and relationships of vibrissal internal compartments (air cavities and partitions). Several types of the medulla were determined: membranous, pyramidal, blocky cylindrical, blocky polyhedral, chaotic, small-alveolar, large-alveolar, star-shaped, uniserial, and hollow. Different medulla types may be combined in one vibrissa. Vibrissae of a number of subterranean (moles and mole rats), semi-aquatic (desman), or aquatic (bowhead whale) species have no medulla. Mammalian tactile hairs, also known as vibrissae or whiskers, have long attracted attention of researchers and become the subject not only of morphology, but also of other disciplines (histology, neurophysiol-ogy, biophysics, biomechanics, evolutionary biology, biomimetics, and robot engineering) over the past decades. Ample data have accumulated to characterize the morphology and functional role of vibrissae.

p>An important problem of modern psychological and pedagogical education is the assessment of the readiness of university graduates to carry out the basic professional function of supporting the educational process in educational organizations of different levels. The aim of the article is to study the potential of the demonstration professional examination not only as a resource for identifying the level of professional competencies of students and determining the “zone of nearest development” of these competencies, but also as a resource for improving the readiness of future teacher-psychologists to support the educational process at school. The content and organizational characteristics of the training direction “psychology-pedagogical education” are described, the methodology of which is based on the provisions of the scientific school of cultural-historical psychology, system-activity and competence approaches to the formation of educational results of students. The directions and necessary conditions for improving the developing educational environment of the university are substantiated, which is a resource for increasing the professional readiness of students to support the educational process at school. The analysis of modern researches of effectiveness of professional examination, introduced in the Higher Education Institutions of the Russian Federation is presented.</p

p>The article presents a methodology for expert evaluation in the development of a mathematical simulation model of aircrew operations. The proposed approach enables the transformation of the target time vector representing sojourn times in the states of a Markov chain, thereby improving the accuracy of transition probability matrix optimization. The methodology accounts for the relative complexity and duration of each phase of the operational scenario, as defined in the flight operations manual.</p

p>The article continues the cycle ([1] – [15]) of the authors' methodological developments. It discusses some problems related to ways to improve the culture of mathematical thinking of mathematics students. The main object of discussion is algebraic curves. The authors rely on the experience of working at the Faculty of Information Technology of MSUPE.</p