Misr University for Science and Technology

Postpartum anxiety and depression are two of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and emerge from being one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated mental health problems. Its prevalence has been reported to affect about 10%–20% of pregnant women. Due to such large‐scale prevalence, the need for better diagnostic techniques and therapeutic management has been addressed in this review. Maternal health largely influences the health of the newborn, affecting not only the growth and development of the child but also the mother‐child bond as mothers with postpartum depression reportedly have a lack of interest in their child. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease including the hormonal factors, the neurotransmitter pathways that become skewed, genetic influences and psychosocial factors, are essential to develop treatment options. This review outlines all the different pathophysiology and theories so far researched in this field. Although significant strides have been made in developing diagnostic and therapeutic management, the need for further research and testing is emphasized. Unfortunately, research testing the safety of several antidepressant classes that can be used to treat postpartum anxiety, and depression cannot be undertaken due to the major ethical issues it raises in conducting such research in pregnant women. This review highlights the promising avenues of further research that have the potential to treat and prevent this debilitating disease. Using biomarkers for early detection, the field of pharmacogenomics which helps to tailor prescriptions for personalized treatment, and pharmacological treatments which include antidepressants like serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and various nonpharmacological measures including massages, psychotherapy, co‐parenting, postnatal exercises, kangaroo care, and music remedies, have been discussed. Finally, the role of public education in highlighting the prevention of stigma surrounding postpartum anxiety and depression has been addressed.

We evaluated the efficacy of applying repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rTACS) to patients suffering from visual defects, especially homonymous hemianopia. Stroke or optic neuropathy would result in vision loss or Visual field defect (VFD) and homonymous hemianopia. Recently, one of the commonly used procedures to relieve VFD is non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). A comprehensive search covering publications in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus, spanning until September 2023 was performed. Relevant Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected, and their data were extracted and analyzed. Pooled mean difference (MD) was calculated for change in the high-resolution perimetry detection accuracy (HRP DA) and fixation accuracy (HRP FA), static automated perimetry foveal threshold (SAP FT), and visual acuity (VA) of near vision outcomes. We pooled in our analysis 4 RCTs. Compared to the sham group, rTACS patients had a significantly higher HRP DA (SMD = 0.35; 95% CI [0.003,0.694] P = 0.048). However, the analysis did not favor any of the compared groups in HRP FA, SAP FT, VA of near vision, and mean threshold (SMD = 0.14; 95% CI [-0.21,0.48] P = 0.43], (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI [-0.11,0.45] P = 0.23), (SMD = 0.32; 95%CI [-0.24,0.88] P = 0.26), and (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI [-0.04,0.65] P = 0.08) respectively. Current evidence suggests that rTACS exhibits a promising approach in homonymous hemianopia patients, where it significantly increased HRP DA. Despite the results’ failure to attain statistical significance in some outcomes, it underscores the necessity for larger RCTs with longer follow-up periods.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting cognitive and social functions all over childhood. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a common food additive associated with ADHD-like symptoms in children. Nutraceuticals, like sesamol (SE) and astaxanthin (AST), or physical activity (PHA) were reported to possess beneficial effects on human health. Meanwhile, still their neuroprotective effect against ADHD has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SE, AST and PHA either separately or combined on ADHD-like behaviors induced by MSG in rat pups. Eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rat pups were randomly allocated into seven groups; control, MSG, (PHA + MSG), (SE + MSG), (AST + MSG), (SE + AST + MSG), and (COMB [PHA + SE + AST] + MSG) and treated for eight weeks. MSG-induced ADHD-like behavior was evaluated, via assessing behavioral outcomes; neurotransmitters’ levels; five pathway biomarkers, coupled with histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Rats exposed to PHA or treated with SE or AST either separately or combined exhibited enhanced attention, locomotor, and cognitive abilities, compared to MSG-intoxicated group. All treatments remarkably improved MSG-induced abnormalities in neurotransmitters’ levels; biochemical markers; along with histological findings, via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/JAK-2/STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF, AMPK/SIRT-1 and PERK/CHOP pathways. Nevertheless, the combination of PHA with nutraceuticals (SE and AST) elicited more favorable effects in all measured parameters and histological findings, compared to other treated groups. In conclusion, this study revealed the superiority of the combination of nutraceuticals with PHA, over other standalone treatments, in amelioration of MSG-induced ADHD-like behaviors in rat pups, via fine-tuning of HMGB1/RAGE, PI3K/AKT/CREB/BDNF, AMPK/SIRT-1 and PERK/CHOP pathways. Graphical Abstract

Background Therapeutic quality of endodontic sealers plays a critical role in promoting the success of root canal therapy by blocking entrance of microbes as well as facilitating tissue reparative process. The bioceramic sealers NeoSEALER Flo and CeraSeal have been on the rise owing to their biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, their relations with periapical tissues especially human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) are still significant determinants of treatment outcomes. This in vitro case intends to analyze the inflammatory reaction of HGFs towards NeoSEALER Flo and CeraSeal bioceramic sealers and AH plus resin sealer as control. Materials and methods HGFs were cultured and treated with eluates of tested sealers at different dilutions; 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The extracts were left in incubator for 1, 3, and 7 days. Cell death was determined by the MTT assay, and the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, were measured using q RT-PCR. Furthermore, mRNA and protein levels of some inflammatory markers were also estimated by q RT-PCR. Results Analysis of the data showed that NeoSEALER Flo was cytotoxic in a concentration-dependent manner to HGFs, though it appeared marginally more toxic than CeraSeal when tested at the same ratios and same time. The high levels of all the measured pro-inflammatory cytokines in HGFs treated with both sealers at a higher concentration with NeoSEALER Flo showing a more intense effect. Having said so, gene expression profiles endorsed these results by showing that both sealers increase the level of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α at the higher concentrations. Conclusions The study indicates that both NeoSEALER Flo and CeraSeal bioceramic sealers activate HGFs inflammatory response with a slight preference for CeraSeal biocompatibility. Therefore, it becomes important and relevant to assess the cytotoxic and inflammatory propensity of various endodontic materials in order to guide enrolment of these endodontic products in clinical practice and improve the quality of endodontic treatment. Subsequent in vivo works should be done to confirm these in vitro findings as well as to examine the chronic effects of sealer-tissue interaction.

Catalpol, classified as an iridoid glucoside, is recognized for its significant role in medicine, particularly in the treatment of various conditions such as diabetes mellitus, neuronal disorders, and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to evaluate the biological implications of catalpol and the mechanisms underlying its diverse pharmacological effects. A thorough exploration of existing literature was conducted utilizing the keyword "Catalpol" across prominent public domains like Google Scholar, PubMed, and EKB. Catalpol has demonstrated a diverse array of pharmacological effects in experimental models, showcasing its anti-diabetic, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In summary, catalpol manifests a spectrum of biological effects through a myriad of mechanisms, prominently featuring its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities. Its diverse pharmacological profile underscores its potential for therapeutic applications across a range of conditions. Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical implications of catalpol and optimize its use in medical practice.

Purpose There is no consensus on the standard approach for trans-sphincteric perianal fistulas (TPAF) in the elderly population. The most commonly used sphincter-saving procedures are ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) and mucosal advancement flap (MAF). We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrence and incontinence in elderly patients with TPAF using both approaches. Methods This retrospective study included 257 patients who underwent LIFT (136 patients) or MAF (121 patients) for de novo and cryptoglandular TPAF between July 2018 and July 2021. Recurrent fistulas were clinically and radiologically detected using MRI. Postoperative incontinence was evaluated using the Wexner score and anorectal manometry. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the risks of recurrence and incontinence. Results The median ages of the patients were 68 (64, 74) and 68 (65, 74) years in the LIFT and MAF groups, respectively. Higher recurrence rates were observed after LIFT (17 (12.5%)) than after MAF (13 (10.7%)), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.662). Postoperative incontinence was observed in 18 patients (13.2%) and seven patients (5.8%) in the LIFT and MAF groups, respectively (P = 0.044). The predictors for fistula recurrence were smoking (OR, 75.52; 95% CI, 1.02 to 5611.35; P = 0.049), length of tract (OR, 17.3; 95% CI, 1.49 to 201.13; P = 0.023), and CD classification (OR, 7.08; 95% CI, 1.51 to 33.14; P = 0.013). A low Charlson comorbidity index score (≤ 5) (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.99; P = 0.046) and high postoperative mean squeeze anal pressure (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.99; P = 0.001) were significant factors associated with reduced risk of incontinence. In particular, LIFT was associated with a significantly higher risk of incontinence than MAF (OR, 2.089; 95% CI, 1.006 to 4.33; P = 0.04). Conclusions The healing rates of MAF and LIFT procedures did not differ significantly; however, continence was significantly better after MAF. MAF should be added to the guidelines as a good option for the treatment of TPAF in elderly patients. Trial registration The study was registered as a clinical trial www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06616662).

Power transmission lines are critical components of a power system that connect power stations to consumers. To maintain reliability and stability of the system, faults should be correctly classified and cleared as soon as possible. In this article, a coherence-based protection scheme for faults detection and classification on transmission lines (TLs) is proposed. Besides, the scheme introduces a new model of tripping characteristics based on six coherence coefficients that are computed only for current waves measured at the TL sending end. The power network under test is simulated using the ATP software, and signals analysis and the performance evaluation of the technique are performed in the MATLAB environment. The protection performance is investigated under different fault conditions, such as fault type, fault location, fault resistance, fault inception angle and power flow angle. The extensive simulation cases have demonstrated that the suggested technique is successful in detecting and classifying all ten shunt faults in the transmission line within a half-cycle time. Moreover, the protection security, sensitivity, and response speed are amended by changing the numerical values of the coherence setting and data window. Furthermore, it is applicable in both conventional and smart grids, and it is independent of the specifications of the system equipment and current transformers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature changes of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after the use of different activation techniques: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP-Endo Finisher (XP), and Easy Clean (EC). Thirty patients were selected for this randomized crossover study and each patient received root canal treatment in maxillary incisor. Each tooth was subjected to three activation techniques in a random order in the final irrigation of the treatment. All irrigation was performed using a 2.5% NaOCl solution, with the solution's temperature stabilized at 21°C (baseline) in the syringe. No agitation was used as a control before the use of the devices. After each activation technique, the intracanal temperature was measured using a K-type thermocouple. Statistical analyses were performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests. Temperatures remain in the range of 21.0 to 21.2°C at baseline and were higher in the control (29.5–34.1°C), PUI (29.9–34.2°C), EC (29.8–35.6°C), and XP (29.9–34.7°C) groups. The temperature average of the baseline period was inferior to those observed in all groups; moreover, despite of temperature changes among the control and all experimental groups no difference between them were identified. The temperature increase caused by activation with PUI, EC, and XP was similar and did not exceed the levels observed when no agitation was performed.

Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives have emerged as potent inhibitors targeting a broad spectrum of kinases, particularly serine/threonine kinases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, structural modifications, and pharmacological relevance of pyrazolopyrimidine compounds in the realm of kinase inhibition. Specifically, the focus is placed on their inhibitory action against serine/threonine kinases, key players in cell signaling and potential therapeutic targets in various diseases, especially cancer. The structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of these derivatives, highlights the importance of specific substituents in enhancing inhibitory activity, Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives have shown promising inhibitory activity against certain serine/threonine kinases. The exact mechanism by which these compounds inhibit kinase activity usually involves binding to the ATP‐binding site of the kinase, thereby preventing ATP from binding and the kinase from undergoing its usual phosphorylation activity, while pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives show promise as serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, challenges remain, including issues related to drug resistance, off‐target effects, and potential toxicity. Future research is geared towards designing more selective derivatives with improved pharmacokinetic properties and reduced side effects.

Medicinal herbs continue to play an important part in modern drugs and healthcare because customers think that most of them have fewer or milder side effects than traditional modern medicines. Bioactive compounds are typically isolated from plants before being used as a source of therapeutic medicines. As a result, extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is an important step in developing plant-based medications. Orientin is a flavonoid C-glycoside found in many plants, is frequently used in bioactivity studies due to its numerous beneficial properties, which include antioxidants, antiaging, anti-inflammation, vasodilation and cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and adaptogenic effects. In this review, the comprehensive search for the health benefits of orientin was traced. The findings reflected that orientin could be considered one of the important natural candidates as a potential nutraceutical. This underscores its promising attributes and potential applications in health and wellness. Further research may be guaranteed to fully elucidate its benefits and mechanisms of action.

Introduction: Garlic, also known as Allium sativum, has been used for centuries to protect the heart and reduce blood pressure. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive effects and cardioprotective effects of garlic against the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the blood pressure and heart tissue. Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Albino rats used in the study. Rats were assigned into three groups consisting of one control group, NaF, and NaF + garlic. After a week of acclimatization, the rats were sedated with ketamine and thoracotomy, blood samples were collected, and heart tissues were dissected. Heart specimens were taken from the left ventricle and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. Masson’s trichrome was conducted to examine collagen fibers. Results: The study findings indicated that exposure to NaF leads to an increase in indicators of cellular demise and a decrease in markers of survival in cardiac tissue, suggesting the occurrence of apoptosis. This exposure also disrupts blood lipid profiles, resulting in elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels and reduced high-density lipid (HDL) levels. Furthermore, it enhances the activity of oxidative stress enzymes while lowering the levels of glutathione (GSH). Conversely, garlic exposure is associated with decreased arterial blood pressure, improved histopathological structure, and reduced serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion: After thorough evaluation, it has been determined that garlic therapy may hold potential as a treatment for various cardiovascular diseases.

Breast cancer management has traditionally relied on tissue biopsies and imaging, which offer limited insights into the disease. However, the discovery of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection has revolutionized our approach to breast cancer. ctDNA, which is fragmented tumor DNA found in the bloodstream, provides a minimally invasive way to understand the tumor's genomic landscape, revealing heterogeneity and critical mutations that biopsies may miss. MRD, which indicates cancer cells that remain after treatment, can now be detected using ctDNA and other advanced methods, improving our ability to predict disease recurrence. This allows for personalized adjuvant therapies based on individual MRD levels, avoiding unnecessary treatments for patients with low MRD. This review discusses how ctDNA and MRD represent a paradigm shift towards personalized, genomically guided cancer care, which has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes in breast cancer.

Background Bruxism is a predominant behavior in children and is involved in the development of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease and myofacial pain. Bruxism can be classified into; sleep and awake bruxism or primary and secondary bruxism. This habit is characterized by a decrease in mouth opening, pain and increased activity of muscles of mastication and loud sounds during sleep. Management includes sleep hygiene, low-level lasers and physical therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pain, mouth opening and muscle activity in children with bruxism after using laser acupuncture versus relaxation physical therapy. Methods Twenty-four children (6–12 years) with a history of bruxism were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 8 individuals each: Group 1: laser acupuncture; Group 2: physical therapy and Group 3: control. At baseline and after 2 months, the visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain (TMJ) score, maximum degree of mouth opening, and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) score were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, the laser and physical therapy groups presented significant differences in pain, maximum number of mouth openings and MVC (p value are 0, 0.005 and 0 respectively). Conclusions Laser acupuncture and physical therapy are promising options for treating SB in children in terms of pain, mouth opening and muscle activity in comparison to sleep hygiene. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on November 12, 2023, with ID: NCT06131879.

A computational technique based on a coherence method for fault detection and classification for electrical machine stator windings is presented in this article. The coherence algorithm can identify clearly and concisely inter-turn and shunt faults situated on the 3-phase stator windings of the AC machine. Besides, it can categorize the different types of internal shunt faults. The cross-coherence algorithm performs the functional role of digital differential current to find and classify the internal faults; while, the auto-coherence algorithm acts as an overcurrent detector to define the occurrence of external, internal, or inter-turn faults. A new setup of three-phase induction machine stator windings, where each winding is re-winded to produce 20 taps per phase, is used to examine the approach. The new design is intended to build current transformers at the neutral and supply sides of the three windings, and to simplify conducting comprehensive examinations to verify the efficacy and efficiency of the advanced algorithm. The protection characteristics of the developed algorithm will be analyzed and estimated using the new setup. The test results indicate that the reliability and accuracy of the protection are above 98.7%. The coherence criterion is also useful for monitoring electrical faults, sensing inter-turn faults, distinguishing between external and internal shunt faults, classifying diverse internal shunt faults within the equipment protection zone, and estimating the tripping time when inter-turn faults occur. Furthermore, a new design of protection tripping-characteristic curves is established, and the time response of the computational technique is fast.

Introduction Several observational studies reported an association between Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and the subsequent risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, whether the drugs commonly prescribed for RA contribute to this association remains controversial. Content We sought to summarize all the published evidence regarding the association between the drugs used for RA and the risk of developing PD as well as to explore the potential neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of these drugs for PD patients. We searched three electronic biomedical databases (namely, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to find potentially relevant studies. The outcome of interest was the relative risk (RR) of developing PD in individuals taking any of these drugs: (1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), (2) acetaminophen, (3) corticosteroids, and (4) disease-modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs (DMARDs), compared to individuals not taking them. Summary and outlook 26 studies (15 case-control and 11 cohort) were included in the analysis with a total number of 4,321,104 participants including 150,703 PD cases. Analysis showed a statistically significant lower risk of developing PD among individuals who received corticosteroids (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 – 0.84, P< 0.00001) and DMARDs (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 – 0.86, P <0.001). Subgroup analysis by individual drugs showed a decreased risk with dexamethasone (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60 – 0.79, P <0.00001) and hydroxychloroquine (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66 – 0.90, P <0.001). Our findings showed that individuals who were treated with corticosteroids (especially dexamethasone) and DMARDs (especially hydroxychloroquine) have reduced risk of developing PD compared to those not receiving these medications.

Our goal is to study the (2 + 1) sinh-Gordon equation’s generalization with a q-deformation parameter. This equation describes systems with violated symmetries. By introducing noncommutativity and non-linearity, the q-deformed version expands upon the traditional sinhGordon equation. We investigate two approaches for solving this equation: the reduced q-differential transform method (RqDTM) and the variational iteration method (VIM). RqDTM is a modified version of the differential transform method designed for q-deformed equations, while VIM uses an iterative scheme. We compare the accuracy and efficiency of the solutions obtained from these methods and present numerical results. This analysis helps us assess the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in solving the (2 + 1) q-deformed sinh-Gordon equation, providing valuable insights into their applicability and performance.

The pressing demand for novel antibiotics to counter drug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), underscores the serious public health threat posed by antibiotic resistance. To address this issue, novel quinazoline-4-one derivatives were developed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro against a range of pathogens, including fungi like Aspergillus fumigatus (RCMB 002008), Gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and MRSA (USA300). Notably, the thieno-thiazolo-quinazo-line compounds 4 and 5 demonstrated a strong ability to inhibit and disrupt MRSA USA300 biofilm formation across all tested concentrations. Furthermore, in an in vivo MRSA skin infection model, these compounds effectively reduced bacterial counts compared to both vehicle-treated and untreated control groups. To enhance understanding and provide deeper insights, ADMET and docking simulations were also conducted.

The urgency for climate action is recognized by international government and healthcare organizations, including the United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO). Climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution negatively impact all life on earth. All populations are impacted but not equally; the most vulnerable are at highest risk, an inequity further exacerbated by differences in access to healthcare globally. The delivery of healthcare exacerbates the planetary health crisis through greenhouse gas emissions, largely due to combustion of fossil fuels for medical equipment production and operation, creation of medical and non-medical waste, and contamination of water supplies. As representatives of radiology societies from across the globe who work closely with industry, and both governmental and non-governmental leaders in multiple capacities, we advocate together for urgent, impactful, and measurable changes to the way we deliver care by further engaging our members, policymakers, industry partners, and our patients. Simultaneous challenges including global health disparities, resource allocation, and access to care must inform these efforts. Climate literacy should be increasingly added to radiology training programs. More research is required to understand and measure the environmental impact of radiological services and inform mitigation, adaptation, and monitoring efforts. Deeper collaboration with industry partners is necessary to support innovations in the supply chain, energy utilization, and circular economy. Many solutions have been proposed and are already available, but we must understand and address barriers to implementation of current and future sustainable innovations. Finally, there is a compelling need to partner with patients to ensure that trust in the excellence of clinical care is maintained during the transition to sustainable radiology. By fostering a culture of global cooperation and rapid sharing of solutions amongst the broader imaging community, we can transform radiological practice to mitigate its environmental impact, adapt and develop resilience to current and future climate and environmental threats, and simultaneously improve access to care. This article is simultaneously published in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (DOI 10.1177/08465371241321390), European Radiology (DOI 10.1007/s00330-025-11413-7), Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology (DOI 10.1111/1754-9485.13842), Journal of the American College of Radiology (DOI 10.1016/j.jacr.2025.02.009), Korean Journal of Radiology (DOI 10.3348/kjr.2025.0125) and Radiology (DOI 10.1148/radiol.250325). The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal’s style. Either DOI can be used when citing this article. Keywords: Climate Change, Sustainability, Resource Allocation, Radiology, Health Services Accessibility Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. © The Author(s) 2025. Editor's Note: The RSNA Board of Directors has endorsed this article.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hesperetin (HES) against acetic acid (AA)‐induced colitis (AAC) in rats through suppression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and modulation of the NOD‐like receptor pyrin‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Forty‐eight rats were allocated into four groups: control, AAC, HES‐treated, and HES pre‐treatment followed by AAC. Disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic and histological colonic changes were assessed. Moreover, inflammatory markers, and signaling pathways were evaluated through qRT‐PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. HES pre‐treatment significantly decreased the DAI by 61.31%, macroscopic colonic damage by 61.25% and the histological score by 41.86% compared to the AAC group. HES also reduced the expression of miR‐155 by 73.79%, NLRP3 by 66.07%, Apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing CARD (ASC) by 66.09%, cleaved caspase‐1 by 63.86%, and the pyroptosis marker gasdermin‐N (GSDMD‐N) by 61.29%. Concurrently, HES attenuated the NF‐κB pathway, reducing NF‐κB‐positive cells by 74.47% and p‐inhibitory κB kinaseα (IκBα)/IκBα and p‐Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase subunit alpha (IKKα/β)/IKKα/β levels by 43.77% and 38.68%, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 were diminished by 73.41% and 71.88%, respectively. HES pre‐treatment increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors‐γ ( PPAR‐γ ) expression by 259.97%, while reducing CD68+ macrophage infiltration by 72.72%. In conclusion, HES alleviated AAC in rats by targeting the NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. This protective effect was mediated through the downregulation of miR‐155 expression and the concurrent enhancement of PPAR‐γ expression, resulting in reduced inflammation and pyroptosis. These findings highlight HES as a potential therapeutic protective agent for colitis.