Recent publications
This article investigates the impact of the semiconformal curvature tensor's
symmetry on the base and fiber manifolds of a warped product manifold. It
establishes that the fiber manifold of a warped product manifold has a
constant sectional curvature, whereas the base manifold is semiconformally
symmetric. Furthermore, the article derives the specific forms of the
semiconformal curvature tensor for both the base and fiber manifolds. Also,
it is demonstrated that a semiconformally symmetric (flat) GRW space-time is
a perfect fluid space-time and exhibits an irrotational velocity vector
field.
We report on the structural, thermal, linear, and ultrafast third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of two
novel anthracene chalcones: (2E)-1-(anthracen-9-yl)-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (5ML2SANC)
and (2E)-1-(9-anthryl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (245TMANC). The chalcones were synthesized
by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, and the single crystals were grown by the solvent evaporation
method. The molecular structure was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, while the crystal structure was
determined using the single crystal XRD. Both crystals belong to centrosymmetric monoclinic crystal system with
space group P21/n. The Hirshfeld surface was analyzed to understand intermolecular interactions, and the band
structures - including HOMO-LUMO levels, excited state energies, GCRDs and MEPs-were studied using DFT. The
ultrafast third-order NLO properties were investigated by Z-scan and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM)
techniques using Ti: Sapphire amplifier laser delivering ~50 fs pulses at 800 nm (1 kHz, ~4 mJ, 2 W).
Two-photon absorption, positive nonlinear refraction, optical limiting and optical switching behaviors were observed
by Z-scan measurements. The time-resolved DFWM show that the decay time of 5ML2SANC is ~127 fs, while for
245TMANC it is ~142 fs. The second hyperpolarizability (γ) measured by Z-scan, DFWM and the estimations
from the DFT theory are found to be in good agreement (~10 34 esu). The ultrafast optical response, significant
NLO properties and thermal stability of the synthesized chalcones demonstrate their potential suitability in
optical limiting and switching applications.
- Mohamed Abuelazm
- Ahmad Nawlo
- Ahmed A Ibrahim
- [...]
- Basel Abdelazeem
Background
Left ventricular (LV) unloading is a crucial intervention to decrease the harmful consequences of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on hemodynamic status in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients. However, a lingering question preoccupies experts: Should we intervene early or wait until clinical deterioration caused by increasing afterload is detected?
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing studies, which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through December 2023. We used R V. 4.3 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42024501643.
Results
Eight studies with 2.117 patients were included. Early/prophylactic LV unloading was associated with a lower incidence of all-cause mortality [RR: 0.87 with 95% CI (0.79, 0.95), p < 0.01]. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding cardiac mortality [RR: 1.01 with 95% CI (0.68, 1.48), p = 0.98], non-cardiac mortality [RR: 0.86 with 95% CI (0.46, 1.62), p = 0.64], and in-hospital mortality [RR: 0.95 with 95% CI (0.86, 1.05), p = 0.30]. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding ECMO weaning, myocardial recovery, ECMO duration, and length of hospitalization.
Conclusion
Early/prophylactic LV unloading during ECMO for CS patients was associated with a decreased incidence of all-cause mortality and sepsis or infection, with no effect on ECMO weaning, myocardial recovery, ECMO duration, and hospital length of stay.
- Andrew D. Lukasiewicz
- Katie D. Mauro
- Tara D. Assenmacher
Objective
To describe the treatment of a unique cause of acute abdomen in a puppy.
Case Summary
An 11‐week, 5‐day‐old female intact Alaskan Malamute was presented to an emergency service for an acute onset of vomiting. On evaluation, the puppy was found to have cranial abdominal pain with an otherwise normal physical examination. An inflammatory leukogram with no other clinically significant findings was found on the initial diagnostics. An abdominal ultrasound showed peritoneal effusion and a lobulated structure in the left cranial abdomen. An emergency exploratory celiotomy was performed, during which evidence of torsion was found in the left limb of the pancreas, which was subsequently excised from the abdomen. The puppy was hospitalized overnight and discharged the next day. Histopathology of the pancreas was consistent with torsion.
Unique Information Provided
Pancreatic torsion is a rare but potential cause of acute abdomen in dogs and can be successfully treated with surgical excision.
- Rafael Chiclana
- Mark A. Iwen
- Mark Philip Roach
The celebrated Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma states that for all ε∈(0,1) and finite sets X⊆RN with n>1 elements, there exists a matrix Φ∈Rm×N with m=O(ε-2logn) such that (1-ε)‖x-y‖2≤‖Φx-Φy‖2≤(1+ε)‖x-y‖2∀x,y∈X.Herein we consider so-called “terminal embedding" results which have recently been introduced in the computer science literature as stronger extensions of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma for finite sets. After a short survey of this relatively recent line of work, we extend the theory of terminal embeddings to hold for arbitrary (e.g., infinite) subsets X⊆RN, and then specialize our generalized results to the case where X is a low-dimensional compact submanifold of RN. In particular, we prove the following generalization of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma: For all ε∈(0,1) and X⊆RN, there exists a terminal embedding f:RN⟶Rm such that (1-ε)‖x-y‖2≤f(x)-f(y)2≤(1+ε)‖x-y‖2∀x∈Xand∀y∈RN.Crucially, we show that the dimension m of the range of f above is optimal up to multiplicative constants, satisfying m=O(ε-2ω2(SX)), where ω(SX) is the Gaussian width of the set of unit secants of X, SX={(x-y)/‖x-y‖2:x≠y∈X}¯. Furthermore, our proofs are constructive and yield algorithms for computing a general class of terminal embeddings f, an instance of which is demonstrated herein to allow for more accurate compressive nearest neighbor classification than standard linear Johnson-Lindenstrauss embeddings do in practice.
- JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji
- Lawrence Chijioke Aluma
- Peace Nnenna Ibeagha
- [...]
- Endurance Avah Zacchaeus
We examined whether the salutogenic nature of resilience is the pathway of association, as well as a moderating factor, between spirituality and vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG). Two hundred Nigerian orthopedic nurses completed the Resilience Scale (RS-14), Spiritual Involvement and Belief Scale-Revised (SIBS-R), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF). We found that greater spirituality and resilience were directly associated with high VPTG. Resilience helped to explain (mediated) the relationship between spirituality and VPT such that spirituality was linked to VPTG by virtue of high resilience. Moderation analysis indicated that resilience was most robustly associated with increased VPTG for nurses with high spirituality compared to those with moderate and low levels of spirituality. Findings may be relevant in integrative/complementary approaches to trauma work.
- Tabitha A. Amollo
- Keliang Wang
- Bocong Zhen
- [...]
- Qi Hua Fan
This work proves that the sputtering deposition angle has significant effects on the ITO film crystallinity and properties under the assistance of an ion beam at room temperature. The films grown at 30º and 45º are crystalline while the ones produced at 60º and 90º are amorphous in nature. The films’ sheet resistance was observed to be lower at 30º and 45º than at 60 and 90º. The films produced at 60º exhibited the highest optical peak transmittance ca. 90% followed by those grown at 45º ca. 84% in the visible region.
- Jason Williams
- Franklyn N. Iheagwam
- Sean P. Maroney
- [...]
- Kirk C. Hansen
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive vascular disease characterized by vascular remodeling, stiffening, and luminal obstruction, driven by dysregulated cell proliferation, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations. Despite the recognized contribution of ECM dysregulation to PH pathogenesis, the precise molecular alterations in the matrisome remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed a matrisome-focused proteomics approach to map the protein composition in a young bovine calf model of acute hypoxia-induced PH. Our findings reveal distinct alterations in the matrisome along the pulmonary vascular axis, with the most prominent changes observed in the main pulmonary artery. Key alterations included a strong immune response and wound repair signature, characterized by increased levels of complement components, coagulation cascade proteins, and provisional matrix markers. Additionally, we observed upregulation of ECM-modifying enzymes, growth factors, and core ECM proteins implicated in vascular stiffening, such as collagens, periostin, tenacsin-C, and fibrin(ogen). Notably, these alterations correlated with increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling. In the plasma, we identified increased levels of complement components, indicating a systemic inflammatory response accompanying the vascular remodeling. Our findings shed light on the dynamic matrisome remodeling in early-stage PH, implicating a wound-healing trajectory with distinct patterns from the MPA to the distal vasculature. This study provides novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of PH pathogenesis and highlights potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets within the matrisome landscape.
- Syed Ali Hussain
- Mary Bresnahan
- Jie Zhuang
- Cherish M. Sarmiento
- Adrea J. Truckenmiller
- Eunsoo Cho
- Heqiao Wang
Background
Learning to write the complex academic language (AL) associated with a discipline (like science) is a critical task in education, with middle school being a key developmental period. However, we need more research to guide how we assess students' learning to write AL, especially if we want to create assessment that guides more effective instruction.
Aims
We evaluated middle school students' informational writing for six different measures of AL to determine which ones were most strongly related to writing quality and were most indicative of the unique features of informational writing. We also examined which metrics were sensitive to growth across middle school.
Sample
Our sample consists of informational compositions from 285 students in Grade 5 ( n = 175) and Grade 8 ( n = 110) in a Midwestern state in the United States.
Methods
Path modelling was used to determine the degree to which the AL metrics are associated with writing quality and narrativity in each grade.
Results
Overall, the six measures of AL explained 70% of the variance in students' writing quality. We found that a new measure, number of long words, outperformed other more established measures at the word level and should be used in assessment of informational writing quality. We also found that automated scores at the sentence level better detected development across middle school grade levels than typical rubrics of writing quality.
Conclusion
Results provide promising avenues for the assessment of malleable aspects of AL in middle school informational writing.
- Tsui‐Sui Annie Kao
- Jiying Ling
- Mohammed Alanazi
- [...]
- Stephanie Liu
This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the effects of mindful‐based interventions (MBIs) on changes in obesogenic eating behaviors. Seven databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Sociological Abstracts) were searched. Random‐effects models were performed to estimate the pooled effects, and mixed‐effects models were used to explore potential moderators of MBIs on eating behavioral changes. The significant effects on mindless eating habits included controlled eating (Hedge's g = 0.23, p = 0.005), external eating (g = −0.62, p = 0.001), fullness awareness (g = 0.64, p < 0.001), hunger eating (g = −0.69, p = 0.032), energy intake (g = −0.60, p = 0.003), sweet intake (g = −0.39, p < 0.001), and impulsive food choice (g = −0.43, p = 0.002). However, small and insignificant effects were noted for stress‐related eating habits like emotional eating (g = −0.27; p = 0.070) and binge eating (g = −0.35, p = 0.136). The long‐term effects were significantly sustained on hunger eating (g = −0.50, p = 0.007) but insignificant on emotional eating (g = −0.22, p = 0.809). MBIs delivered in clinical settings were more effective for decreasing emotional eating compared with those in school settings. Our findings support the effectiveness of MBIs. The pooled effects on improving mindless eating habits were stronger than the modification of stress‐related eating habits.
- Piyush Kumar
- Hariome Sharan Gupta
- Manjinder Singh
- [...]
- Gaurav Manik
Composites containing two different types of reinforcements offer a wide range of possibilities and synergistic properties. This study investigates the hybridization effect of chemically active fly ash (FA) (5 wt.%) on the composites made from alkali (1 wt.%) ‐ APTES silane (2 wt.%) treated Himalayan agave fibers (HAF) (25 wt.%) and polypropylene (PP). Prior to FA activation, the planetary ball mill was used to suitably reduce the particle size of the FA with was confirmed by the dynamic light scattering approach. Secondary reinforcement FA was modified with APTES silane (1 wt.%), followed by treatment with graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt.%). The highest tensile strength of 40.47 MPa and modulus of 1.49 GPa were observed for the hybrid composites fabricated from 0.75 and 1.0 wt.% GO treated fly ash. Interestingly, this trend differed for flexural properties, and the highest flexural strength of 53.52 MPa was demonstrated by 0.5 wt.% GO treated FA hybrid composite. Thermal characterization revealed that addition of fiber increased crystallinity but decreased thermal stability, whereas a good wettability of the fiber and FA in matrix was demonstrated through morphological characterization.
- Syed Hasham Ali
- Zoaib Habib Tharwani
- Asad Ali Siddiqui
- [...]
- Shayan Marsia
Introduction
Acute subdural hematomas are major causes of morbidity which warrant immediate treatment. If surgical intervention is warranted, craniotomy (CO) and decompressive craniectomy (DC) are employed, largely based on a loosely defined criteria and the neurosurgeon’s best judgment. The primacy of one approach over another is a matter of dispute.
Objective
We attempt to further clarify any advantages in the two techniques, and include a propensity score matched (PSM) subgroup analysis to eliminate bias.
Design
This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Data Sources and Methods
A literature review was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar from inception to September 2023. 15 studies were extracted, and three outcomes were meta-analyzed: Mortality, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores and patients undergoing re-operations/revisions. Odds Ratios (OR) and Mean Difference (MD) were used in dichotomous and continuous variables respectively. PSM data was used wherever possible. A subgroup analysis was conducted with 5 PSM studies and a trial. Heterogeneity was addressed if above 40% and the P-value is significant (≤ .05).
Results
A total of 15 studies were meta-analyzed with a total of 2327 and 2171 patients undergoing CO and DC respectively. Patients undergoing DC had a significantly worse GOS 5 outcome (OR: .63 [95% CI: .45-.87]; P = .005; I2 = 0%) and higher mortality (OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.20-2.08]; P = .001; I2 = 67%). In subgroup analysis of adjusted studies, DC still had significantly higher mortality. (OR: 1.50 [95% CI: 1.03-2.18]; P = .001; I2 = 83%).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis determines that CO is more viable than DC as a surgical option due to its less invasive nature. DC can be employed, albeit under strict preprocedural patient selection and for highly specific indications.
The intricate and dynamic relationship that has developed recently between oil prices and US stock markets has fascinated financial marketers, the financial media, specialists, policymakers, and the general public. Because the US is one of the world’s leading oil producers and is the source of this interest, it has significant market power over other nations. Examining the relationship between oil prices and the US-international stock market connections, this review study considers these issues. The reverse phenomenon has received very little academic attention; instead, most of the publications that researchers have studied have focused on the effects of the oil markets on the stock markets. The assessment shows that the causal linkages between oil and stock markets strongly depend on the stock markets’ location in oil-importing or oil-exporting countries and whether comprehensive stock market or sector-specific data was employed for the analysis. Furthermore, the conclusions differ according to whether the study employed a symmetric or uneven variation in the price of oil or whether it examined abrupt changes in the price of oil. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that most of the data point to a relationship between changes in oil prices and stock market volatility and that including stock market performance measures can enhance predictions of both events. Several exciting directions for further research are noted.
Despite alarms raised that adolescents’ social media use can aggravate the harmful impact of residential risks (e.g. local violence) to their mental health, the mechanisms are poorly understood. To better understand potential mechanisms, we interviewed Latino adolescents living in a hypersegregated U.S. city, for whom social media may aggravate existing inequalities in residential risks to their mental health. Through an abductive analysis, we identified two processes suggesting how social media can amplify the deleterious impact of residential risks to their mental health. We refer to the first as additive , whereby social media heightens awareness of residential risks. The second is extension , whereby social media lengthens one’s risk awareness, speeds up potential for risk awareness and multiplies who may become aware. We found evidence suggestive of parallel processes yielding diminution, whereby social media can minimise the deleterious effects of residential risks via adding and extending exposure to mental health resources, like collective efficacy. Further, the potential for extension (to both risks and resources) appears limited because social media practices (e.g. reposting, seeking viral attention) can foster indifference. Findings suggest the need to consider how adolescents activate resources via social media to avoid overstating its negative impact on mental health.
Artificial propagation and wild release may influence the genetic integrity of wild populations. This practice has been prevalent in fisheries for centuries and is often termed ‘stocking’. In the Laurentian Great Lakes (Great Lakes here‐on), walleye populations faced declines from the 1950s to the 1970s, prompting extensive stocking efforts for restoration. By the mid‐2010s, walleye populations showed signs of recovery, but the genetic legacy of stocking on population structure at the genomic level remains unclear. Using a dataset of 45,600 genome‐aligned SNP loci genotyped in 1075 walleye individuals, we investigated the genetic impacts of over 50 years of stocking across the Great Lakes. Population structure was associated with both natural geographic barriers and stocking from non‐native sources. Admixture between Lake Erie walleye and walleye from the re‐populated Tittabawassee River indicate that stocking may have re‐distributed putatively adaptive alleles around the Great Lakes. Genome scans identified F ST outliers and evidence of selective sweeps, indicating local adaptation of spawning populations is likely. Notably, one genomic region showed strong differentiation between Muskegon River and walleye from the Tittabawassee River, which was re‐populated by Muskegon strain walleye, suggesting admixture and selection both impact the observed genetic diversity. Overall, our study underscores how artificial propagation and translocations can significantly alter the evolutionary trajectory of populations. The findings highlight the complex interplay between stocking practices and population genetic diversity, emphasising the need for careful management strategies to preserve the genetic integrity of wild populations amidst conservation efforts.
With the prosperity of e-commerce and web applications, Recommender Systems (RecSys) have become an indispensable and important component in our daily lives, providing personalized suggestions that cater to user preferences. While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved significant advancements in enhancing recommender systems by modeling user-item interactions and incorporating their textual side information, these DNN-based methods still exhibit some limitations, such as difficulties in effectively understanding users' interests and capturing textual side information, inabilities in generalizing to various seen/unseen recommendation scenarios and reasoning on their predictions, etc. Meanwhile, the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, has revolutionized the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), due to their remarkable abilities in fundamental responsibilities of language understanding and generation, as well as impressive generalization capabilities and reasoning skills. As a result, recent studies have actively attempted to harness the power of LLMs to enhance recommender systems. Given the rapid evolution of this research direction in recommender systems, there is a pressing need for a systematic overview that summarizes existing LLM-empowered recommender systems, so as to provide researchers and practitioners in relevant fields with an in-depth understanding. Therefore, in this survey, we conduct a comprehensive review of LLM-empowered recommender systems from various aspects including pre-training, fine-tuning, and prompting paradigms. More specifically, we first introduce the representative methods to harness the power of LLMs (as a feature encoder) for learning representations of users and items. Then, we systematically review the emerging advanced techniques of LLMs for enhancing recommender systems from three paradigms, namely pre-training, fine-tuning, and prompting. Finally, we comprehensively discuss the promising future directions in this emerging field.
Molecule discovery plays a crucial role in various scientific fields, advancing the design of tailored materials and drugs, which contributes to the development of society and human well-being. Specifically, molecule-caption translation is an important task for molecule discovery, aligning human understanding with molecular space. However, most of the existing methods heavily rely on domain experts, require excessive computational cost, or suffer from sub-optimal performance. On the other hand, Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have shown remarkable performance in various cross-modal tasks due to their powerful capabilities in natural language understanding, generalization, and in-context learning (ICL), which provides unprecedented opportunities to advance molecule discovery. Despite several previous works trying to apply LLMs in this task, the lack of domain-specific corpus and difficulties in training specialized LLMs still remain challenges. In this work, we propose a novel LLM-based framework (MolReGPT) for molecule-caption translation, where an In-Context Few-Shot Molecule Learning paradigm is introduced to empower molecule discovery with LLMs like ChatGPT to perform their in-context learning capability without domain-specific pre-training and fine-tuning. MolReGPT leverages the principle of molecular similarity to retrieve similar molecules and their text descriptions from a local database to enable LLMs to learn the task knowledge from context examples. We evaluate the effectiveness of MolReGPT on molecule-caption translation, including molecule understanding and text-based molecule generation. Experimental results show that compared to fine-tuned models, MolReGPT outperforms MolT5-base and is comparable to MolT5-large without additional training. To the best of our knowledge, MolReGPT is the first work to leverage LLMs via in-context learning in molecule-caption translation for advancing molecule discovery. Our work expands the scope of LLM applications, as well as providing a new paradigm for molecule discovery and design. Notably, our implementation is available at: https://github.com/phenixace/MolReGPT
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