Manisa Celal Bayar University

The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of Super High-Intensity Continuous Training (SHCT) on elite team handball players. SHCT is a new approach of aerobic training that combines the advantages of both continuous and interval training methods. The study included 14 professional handball players who are members of the first national handball league team. The participants were trained five times a week over eight weeks using the SHCT method. The training intensity for each athlete was tailored to their individual oxygen consumption. Significant (P < 0.001) improvements were obtained in all measured and evaluated indicators of aerobic abilities, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximum relative oxygen uptake (VO2rel), running speed at which maximum oxygen uptake occurs (VO2max), when comparing the pre-, intermediate, and post-tests, as well as a huge positive effect (η2G reaching from 0.19 to 0.49 and η2p of 0.91). These effects from short cycles of aerobic training have not been previously obtained in studies involving elite and and recreational athletes, whether using continuous or interval training approaches. In addition to the above,SHCT showed several other positive features. As such, we recommend further research into SHCT and encourage its integration into athletic training practices.

Effective monitoring of non-indigenous seaweeds and combatting their effects relies on a solid confirmation of the non-indigenous status of the respective species. We critically analysed the status of presumed non-indigenous seaweed species reported from the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Macaronesia, resulting in a list of 140 species whose non-indigenous nature is undisputed. For an additional 87 species it is unclear if they are native or non-indigenous (cryptogenic species) or their identity requires confirmation (data deficient species). We discuss the factors underlying both taxonomic and biogeographic uncertainties and outline recommendations to reduce uncertainty about the non-indigenous status of seaweeds. Our dataset consisted of over 19,000 distribution records, half of which can be attributed to only five species (Sargassum muticum, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Asparagopsis armata, Caulerpa cylindracea and Colpomenia peregrina), while 56 species (40%) are recorded no more than once or twice. In addition, our analyses revealed considerable variation in the diversity of non-indigenous species between the geographic regions. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is home to the largest fraction of non-indigenous seaweed species, the majority of which have a Red Sea or Indo-Pacific origin and have entered the Mediterranean Sea mostly via the Suez Canal. Non-indigenous seaweeds with native ranges situated in the Northwest Pacific make up a large fraction of the total in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Lusitania and Northern Europe, followed by non-indigenous species with a presumed Australasian origin. Uncertainty remains, however, regarding the native range of a substantial fraction of non-indigenous seaweeds in the study area. In so far as analyses of first detections can serve as a proxy for the introduction rate of non-indigenous seaweeds, these do not reveal a decrease in the introduction rate, indicating that the current measures and policies are insufficient to battle the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species in the study area.

This study mainly focuses on the effects of ageing and manufacturing parameters on the water absorption behaviour and mechanical characteristics of the glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, and multiple optimizations of these parameters based on the quasi-static mechanical properties and low-velocity impact performances. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM), an experimental design was executed varying curing temperature (20-100°C), ageing temperature (20-70°C) and salinity (3-35%). After 59-days ageing period, gravimetric, tensile and low-velocity impact tests were conducted to assess weight gain at saturation, changes in tensile strength, elasticity modulus, peak force and peak energy. Tensile fracture surfaces of aged and un-aged samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA results indicated the adequacy of RSM models, supported by high R ² (>80%) and R ² adj (>65%) and proper residual distribution. Gravimetric tests revealed that higher curing and ageing temperatures resulted in greater water sorption-induced weight gain, while elevated salinity had the opposite effect. Ageing temperature and salinity are the most influential factors on tensile strength change. Optimal mechanical properties, minimizing differences between aged and un-aged samples, were achieved at 100°C curing temperature, 20°C ageing temperature and 19.8% salinity. Data from this study can be a valuable reference for designing GFRP composites, particularly in marine applications.

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the empirical relationship between foreign direct investment, carbon emissions, and economic growth. Our study attempts to contribute to the existing literature on sustainable economic development. Methodology -The analysis was carried out using panel data analysis, covering Turkey and the 27 countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2020. Statistical data were obtained from the World Data Bank and the OECD Data Bank. Results - Hausman test analysis indicated that a fixed effects model should be selected. The model results show that foreign direct investment significantly affects economic growth, but carbon (CO 2 ) emissions are also in a positive relationship. Foreign investment should be developed due to its impact on economic growth. However, the effects of CO 2 emissions should be limited, as it causes negative social and environmental externalities. Practical implications - with the development of foreign investment, appropriate environmental policies should be implemented by all countries in global cooperation. The article proposes some development policy solutions. These include, among others, promoting foreign direct investments that lead to more effective implementation of sustainable development goals and introducing market-based financial instruments to support such investments. Originality and value - the study covers not only EU countries but also Turkey; It uses statistical modeling based on ten years of data for 28 countries. Results can be used in sustainable development policies.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the structural relations between L2 learners’ mindsets, L2 grit and the L2 motivational self-system (L2MSS). The main driving force behind the study is the observation that mindsets have emerged as a significant variable in language-teaching research over the past years. The study was conducted with 403 L2 learners. To see the structural relations between and among the variables in the study, a structural equation model was used. The revised model showed that a growth mindset affects both the perseverance of effort (POE) and the consistency of interest (COI), which are the components that make up grit. Moreover, POE and COI mediate the relationship between the growth mindset and L2MSS, with the highest mediating impact between growth mindset and ideal L2 self. The study discovered that a fixed mindset only predicted ought-to L2 self/others. Finally, several theoretical and pedagogical implications are proposed based on the findings of the study.

Pneumonia is a disease caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi that settle in the alveolar sacs of the lungs and can lead to serious health complications in humans. Early detection of pneumonia is necessary for early treatment to manage and cure the disease. Recently, machine learning-based pneumonia detection methods have focused on pneumonia in adults. Machine learning relies on manual feature engineering, whereas deep learning can automatically detect and extract features from data. This study proposes a deep learning feature extraction-based hybrid approach that combines deep learning and machine learning to detect pediatric pneumonia, which is difficult to standardize. The proposed hybrid approach enhances the accuracy of detecting pediatric pneumonia and simplifies the approach by eliminating the requirement for advanced feature extraction. The experiments indicate that the hybrid approach using a Medium Neural Network based on AlexNet feature extraction achieved a 97.9% accuracy rate and 98.0% sensitivity rate. The results show that the proposed approach achieved higher accuracy rates than state-of-the-art approaches.

In engineering, design is made by considering functionality, reliability, manufacturability, usability, and total cost. There are a wide variety of methods for design optimization. Metaheuristic methods inspired by nature are one of them. In this study, the Refinement firefly algorithm is proposed as a new method. Grey Wolf, Particle Swarm, and Firefly algorithms are compared with the proposed Refinement Firefly Algorithm. Mathematical benchmark problems are used to examine the performance of algorithms. Also, welded beam, cellular beam, and frame system designs are considered sample problems. These design examples are solved by algorithms and the sections are determined. The sections determined by optimization were analyzed using the ABAQUS CAE program and its reliability was examined. Numerical analysis with the finite element method is very useful as it provides realistic solutions. ABAQUS CAE is used to detect and show deformations in the structure. Finite element solution with ABAQUS solves the problems analytically and it is seen that the sections determined by the optimum design algorithm remain within the limits. The proposed Refinement Firefly algorithm demonstrates superior performance compared to the Firefly algorithm. However, it yields inferior results when compared to the Grey Wolf and Particle Swarm algorithms.

A new species Androctonus sumericus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Dhi Qar Province of Iraq, based on the material previously misidentified as A. crassi-cauda (Olivier, 1807). Therefore, the new species were compared particularly with that species, as well as with all species of Androctonus distributed in the Middle East, using their published descriptions. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40E85452-7450-446D-8306-B2B07F99CF0E

In this study, battery thermal management (BTM) of Li-ion batteries is considered using nanofluid and porous media in the cooling channel. Hybrid nanofluid of water including Al2O3-Cu nanoparticles is used as the cooling medium while the cooling channel is considered to be porous. A numerical model based on finite element method is developed and the nanoparticle volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles is used up to 2%. The permeability of the channel is considered between Darcy number of 10–5 and 10–1. The maximum temperature drops when nanoparticle solid volume fraction and permeability of the medium are increased. When the lowest and highest values of permeability cases are compared, temperature drops of 1.25 K and 3 K are obtained for water and nanofluid with the highest loading of nanoparticles. At Da = 10–1, the maximum temperature drop is 2.4 K while it is only 1 K at Da = 10–5 when the cooling medium of water and nanofluid with the highest hybrid nanoparticle loading amount are compared. As Li-ion batteries is a promising way to energy storage issue, methods for thermal management designs such as those presented in this paper will be helpful for further performance optimization and system development.

This study focused on the recycling and optimal use of colemanite waste (CW) in floor tile/tiles (FT) production. Experimental compositions were prepared with various concentrations of CW calcined at 800°C and FT body. The sinterability at low temperatures (1000–1100°C) and the effect of calcined CW on FT properties were investigated. The physical-mechanical properties of the tiles were characterized by linear shrinkage, water absorption and bending strength tests. The microstructure and the phase development of the tiles were determined by SEM-EDX and XRD, respectively. The optimal tile compositions in conformity with the related standards were obtained at 1050°C (30 wt % CW) and 1100°C (5 and 10 wt % CW). The tiles produced with high ratio CW (30 wt %-1050°C) additions had 0.32% water absorption, 5.70% linear shrinkage, and 52.43 MPa bending strength values. The CW calcined at 800°C was favourably used in FT production to lower the sintering temperature with a new possibility to recycle this waste and conserve natural resources.

In this study, a new control of the heat transport process utilizing phase-change materials (PCMs), as latent thermal energy storage, and nanofluid flow in a thermal system is explored numerically. The proposed model comprises PCM domain divided square enclosure, filled with two different nanofluids (TiO2 and CuO) heated and cooled, respectively, at the left and right sides of the enclosure. Horizontal walls are adiabatic. The coupled mathematical model comprises phase-change materials, nanofluids, and thermal gradients, which are solved numerically following the finite volume-based approach. The enthalpy-porosity technique is adopted to assess the melting behavior of the PCM domain. The thermo-hydraulic performance of the complex system of nanofluids and the melting process of PCM is assessed for the set of control variables such as Grashof numbers (Gr) and nanoparticle concentration (ϕ). Analysis revealed that the melting performance of the PCM domain is significantly influenced by the concentration of the nanoparticles on both sides. The results revealed that, for the early stage of the melting process, the thickness of the melted layer strongly depends on the interaction of the thermal gradient inside the cavity. Higher Gr value and ϕ lead to higher thermal convection in the heated section, which allows the faster melting process of the PCM domain and more amount of thermal energy storage inside the PCM. This transport process further enhances with the increase in the nanoparticles concentrations. A higher Gr value with higher nanoparticle concentrations is always beneficial for the higher amount of thermal energy storage and storage goes up to 35.80%.

Due to the non-linear characteristics of rechargeable batteries, many studies are carried out on battery life, state of charge and health status monitoring systems, and many models are developed using different methods. Within the scope of this study Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery was discharged at room temperature with different discharge currents. Through the experiments, the discharge capacity, current, voltage and temperature values of the LTO battery were recorded and the min-max scaling method was applied to the obtained discharge experiment data. 70% of the experimental data is reserved as training data and 30% as test data. Models have been developed to estimate the discharge capacity of LTO batteries using machine learning algorithms. Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree and Linear Regression methods were used in the prediction models. By comparing the performance values obtained from the models used, the model that makes the best estimation of the solution of the problem has been determined. In the performance evaluations of machine learning methods Explanatory Coefficient (R ² ), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values were used. As a result of the study, it was seen that the Random Forest model gave the most successful result in terms of success rates with a predictive value of % 99,8836.

This study investigates the nonlinear vibration motions of the Euler–Bernoulli microbeam on a nonlinear elastic foundation in a uniform magnetic field based on Modified Couple Stress Theory (MCST). The effect of size, foundation, and magnetic field on the nonlinear vibration motion of microbeam has been examined. The governing equations related to the nonlinear vibration motions of the microbeam are obtained by using Hamilton’s Principle, and the Multiple Time Scale Method was used to obtain the solutions for the governing equations. The linear natural frequencies of microbeam are presented in the table according to nonlinear parameters and boundary conditions. The linear and nonlinear natural frequency ratio graphs are shown. The present study results are also compared with previous work for validation. It is observed that length scale parameters and magnetic force have a more significant effect on the natural frequency of microbeams. It is seen that when the linear elastic foundation coefficient, the Pasternak foundation and the magnetic force effects increase, the ratio of nonlinear and linear natural frequency decreases.

In this study aiming to investigate potential fungal biocontrol agents for Fusarium culmorum , several isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic effects by means of transcriptional analyses. At first, 21 monosporic Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from natural wood debris and wood area soils in Manisa, Turkey. Trichoderma spp. Isolates were identified as belonging to four different species ( T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii , and T. brevicompactum ) by tef1-α sequencing. Then, the linear growth rate (LGR) of each species was calculated and determined to be in a range between 13.22 ± 0.71 mm/day ( T. atroviride TR2) and 25.06 ± 1.45 mm/day ( T. harzianum K30). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping validated the tef1-α sequencing results by presenting two sub-clusters in the dendrogram. We determined the genetically most similar (TR1 & TR2; 97.77%) and dissimilar (K9 & K17; 40.40%) individuals belonging to the same and different species, respectively. Dual sandwich culture tests (which are useful for antagonism studies) revealed that T. harzianum K21 (the least suppressive) and T. brevicompactum K26 (the most suppressive) isolates suppressed F. culmorum with growth rates of 3% and 46%, respectively. Expressions of genes previously associated with mycoparasitism-plant protection-secondary metabolism ( nag1 , tgf-1 , and tmk-1 ) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both those isolates. While there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in expression that were present in the K21 isolate, those three genes were upregulated with fold change values of 2.69 ± 0.26 (p<0.001), 2.23 ± 0.16 (p<0.001), and 5.38 ± 2.01 (p<0.05) in K26, meaning that the presence of significant alteration in the physiological processes of the fungus. Also, its mycoparasitism potential was tested on Triticum aestivum L. cv Basribey in planta , which was infected with the F. culmorum FcUK99 strain. Results of the trials, including specific plant growth parameters (weight or length of plantlets), confirmed the mycoparasitic potential of the isolate. It can be concluded that (i) nag1 , tgf-1 , and tmk-1 genes could be approved as reliable markers for evaluation of BCA capacities of Trichoderma spp. and (ii) the T. brevicompactum K26 strain can be suggested as a promising candidate for combating in F. culmorum diseases following the necessary procedures to ensure it is non-hazardous and safe.

In this study, both elastic and inelastic cross sections of the light exotic nucleus ⁶ He on ¹² C and ⁴ He at energies of 18 MeV, 30 MeV, 3.8 MeV, 4.2 MeV, 4.7 MeV, 5.1 MeV, 5.4 MeV, and 5.8 MeV, as well as the quasi-elastic cross section of ⁶ He on ⁹ Be at 16.2 MeV and 21.3 MeV, are calculated using the coupled-channel method. The deformation parameters of the first excited states of ⁶ He, ⁹ Be and ¹² C are obtained through the collective nuclear level density. The results align well with the available experimental data. It is demonstrated that the collective nuclear level density is essential to reduce the uncertainty between the deformation parameter and the optical model parameters. Furthermore, it is shown that the first excited state of both the projectile and the target must be considered in calculations ⁶ He + ⁹ Be scattering at increasing energies.

Background Coronary artery perforation(CAP) is potentially fatal complication of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in acute coronary syndrome(ACS).There is no study in literature comparing long term clinical outcomes of type III-CAP-ACS and non-CAP-ACS patients. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate in hospital- 1-year and 3-year clinical outcomes of type III-CAP during PCI in ACS patients. Methods Data from ACS patients who had type III-CAP during PCI from January 2010 to Jaunary 2020 at different high volume centers in Turkey were collected.A retrospective cohort of 43,791 patients who underwent PCI was used:120 patients with CAP and 43,671 case-control patients were evaluated.Propensity score matching was used to evaluate the association between differing CAP. Clinical angiographic and procedural characteristics, their management and outcomes were analyzed retrospectively in 1-year and 3-year follow up.Multiple regressions were used to identify predictors of coronary perforation and its association with outcomes. Results The mean age of subjects was 66.5±11.9 years(61.8%males).Of all ACS patients were 247STEMI(37.9%), 216NSTEMI(33.2%) and 188UA(28.9%).Non significant differences were identified between the CAP and non-CAP groups in hospital follow-up for, cardiac death, major bleeding, and stent thrombosis except cerebrovascular event(p=0.003).At three year, differences remained different between myocardial infarction(MI)(p=0.038),coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)(p=0.001),stent thrombosis(ST)(p=0.002),major bleeding(p=0.029) and cerebrovascular event(CVE)(p=0.011)), was observed in the CAP/non-CAP group.Median follow-up of was 36 months.The all-cause mortality was 33.3% in CAP group versus 1.8% in non-CAP group at 1-year and 28.3% in CAP group versus 6.9% in non-CAP group at 3-years(p=0.001,p=0.001). Conclusions There was no significat difference between type-III-CAP and non-CAP group in hospital mortality.The procedural, clinical, 1 and 3-year outcomes of type III-CAP showed that relatively high risk of MI,CABG,CVE,ST and major bleeding under 1 and 3-year follow-up.Also, non-CAP ACS patients had better survival compared to type III CAP ACS patients in 3- year follow up.Figure 1Figure 2

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) method of coincidence anticipation timing in male basketball players. Seventeen male basketball players (mean age 20.17 years, height 1.87 m, weight 80.08 kg, training age 10.05 years) were included in the study. The study consists of two sessions. In the first session, after the participants were informed about the study and their consent was obtained, anthropometric measurements, coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) performances, and one-repetition maximum measurements were performed, respectively. Two days later, each participant performed five repetitions of back squats with 80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) resistance after 20 min of general warm-up phases. Then, participants rested passively for 3 min. The CAT measurements of the participants were recorded after the rest period. Data were analyzed separately for CAT3 and CAT9 timing error scores in terms of pre-/post-PAPE. The results of the paired sample t-test showed that PAPE significantly decreased timing error scores on CAT 9 mph (p < 0.01). The same results were found for CAT 3 mph, and the Wilcoxon test result showed significantly decreased timing error scores after PAPE (p < 0.05). The findings showed that PAPE is an effective method for improving anticipation performance in sports such as basketball, where success is achieved through fast games. It can contribute positively to game-specific cognitive processes.